MoS2/WS2共溅射复合薄膜的微结构及其摩擦磨损性能研究

采用磁控溅射共溅射法制备MoS2/WS2复合润滑薄膜,利用X射线衍射仪、X射线能谱仪及透射电子显微镜对薄膜的成分和结构进行分析,采用UMT-2MT型微摩擦磨损试验机在大气(相对湿度45%～50%)和室温(20～25 ℃)环境下评价薄膜的摩擦磨损性能.结果表明,MoS2/WS2复合薄膜结构致密,具有较好抗氧化性,其耐磨寿命、摩擦稳定性和抗载荷能力比MoS2磁控溅射薄膜均有显著提高,而摩擦系数更低.     

MoS2/SiCH固液复合润滑体系摩擦学性能研究

本文中通过考察MoS_2薄膜/SiCH固液复合润滑体系的真空摩擦学性能,探究了该复合润滑体系的摩擦磨损机理.研究表明射频溅射MoS_2薄膜表面所固有的柱状晶体结构具有明显的润滑油吸附功能,提高了MoS_2薄膜/SiCH固液复合润滑体系的真空摩擦学性能.球盘摩擦试验结果表明:当仅对钢盘表面沉积MoS_2薄膜时,该固液复合润滑体系的滑动摩擦寿命达到1.86×106 r,为采用SiCH油润滑时摩擦寿命的1.2倍,是MoS_2薄膜固体润滑状态的4倍,表现出了良好的协同润滑效应.     

炭纤维增强铜基复合材料摩擦磨损性能同其磨损表面形貌相关性研究

考察了炭纤维增强铜基复合材料的摩擦磨损性能,利用扫描电子显微镜、电子探针X射线显微分析仪和表面轮廓测试仪等观察分析了复合材料磨损表面形貌和元素组成.结果表明,复合材料摩擦磨损性能及其磨损表面形貌与粗糙度同载荷及滑动速度密切相关,当载荷和速度小于某一临界值时,复合材料同钢对摩时的摩擦系数和磨损率均较小,而当载荷和速度超过临界值时,复合材料的摩擦系数和磨损率均大幅增大,复合材料磨损表面形成了由C、Cu和Fe等元素组成的固体润滑和防护薄膜,使得其在干摩擦条件下同钢对摩时的摩擦系数和磨损率均较低.     

相结构对氮化钛硼薄膜摩擦磨损性能的影响

采用直流非平衡磁控溅射系统在单晶硅片表面制备TiBxNy薄膜,采用X射线衍射仪和X射线光电子能谱议测定TiBxNy薄膜的相结构和成分,采用销-盘式摩擦磨损试验机研究TiBxNy薄膜的滑动干摩擦磨损性能,并采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和X射线光电子能谱仪表征薄膜的磨痕表面结构及其化学特征.研究表明:TiBxNy薄膜的相结构与N含量有关,在TiB0.65薄膜中加入N能够促使纳米晶TiN的形成;薄膜的摩擦系数和磨损率与其相结构有关,随着薄膜中TiN的体积分数增加,摩擦系数增大,磨损率降低;当薄膜中N含量约为37at.%时,TiN的体积分数和摩擦系数最高,磨损率最低;增加N含量促使h-BN相形成,且h-BN相的体积分数随N含量的增加而增大,h-BN相的形成降低了摩擦系数,增加了磨损率;在摩擦过程中磨屑发生氧化而生成钛的氧化物TiO、Ti2O3、TiO2以及少量硼(B)的氧化物.     

MoS2-C异质复合薄膜的真空超滑行为及其机制研究

采用闭合场非平衡磁控溅射技术制备了MoS₂-C异质复合薄膜,利用多环境可控摩擦试验机测试了薄膜在真空环境中的摩擦学性能,通过拉曼光谱仪(Raman)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等表征手段分析了薄膜摩擦前后结构的变化,探讨了超润滑机理.结果表明：复合薄膜呈现致密的“纳米晶/非晶”结构,在真空中具有优异的摩擦学性能,保持了超低摩擦系数(0.006～0.009)和磨损率[1.026×10^-7 mm³/(N·m)],达到了超润滑状态.摩擦过程中碳选择性转移到钢球表面形成非晶碳转移层,薄膜磨痕表面形成有序的MoS₂ (002)晶面,摩擦发生在MoS₂有序晶体和非晶碳转移膜之间,形成非公度异质接触,降低摩擦系数实现超润滑.钢球/MoS₂-Ti、a-C:H/MoS₂-Ti摩擦配副在相同条件下的不同摩擦行为,也证明了上述超润滑机理.     

MoO3-ZnO/镍基复合涂层制备及其摩擦学性能研究

利用等离子喷涂工艺制备了含氧化物(MoO₃-ZnO)的镍基复合涂层,通过UMT-3球盘式高温摩擦试验机评价了复合涂层在室温、400和800 ℃下的摩擦学性能,并采用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)以及拉曼光谱仪(Raman)等分析手段研究了涂层微观组织、物相组成以及磨损机理. 结果表明:在室温和400 ℃,复合涂层的摩擦系数和磨损率均高于Ni-5%Al金属基底,且随着氧化物含量的增加,润滑和耐磨性能均被削弱,主要表现为磨粒磨损和黏着磨损. 在800 ℃,MoO₃和ZnO的添加可以有效改善复合涂层的摩擦性能,随着其含量的增加,摩擦系数变化不明显,而磨损率逐渐增加. 特别是添加5%MoO₃和5%ZnO的复合涂层在800 ℃摩擦系数低至0.28,磨损率低至4.22×10?5 mm3/(N·m),其良好的高温润滑耐磨性能得益于摩擦表面二元氧化物(NiO、MoO₃和ZnO)和三元氧化物(ZnMoO₄和NiMoO₄)的协同作用.      

运动黏度在FLC薄膜-白油固液复合润滑体系中的作用

利用直流等离子体沉积技术制备了含氢类富勒烯碳膜(FLC),在工业级白油润滑条件下考察了FLC薄膜润湿性、摩擦学特性和白油运动黏度对整个固液复合润滑体系的影响。研究结果表明:在5~150 mm~2/s的考察范围内,白油的运动黏度越小,其对FLC薄膜的润湿性越好;随着运动黏度的增大,白油分子量增加且分子链变长,在薄膜表面油膜吸附增强,油膜厚度增加,FLC薄膜摩擦系数逐渐减小,于32 mm~2/s时达到最小值(0.114),随着黏度进一步增大,过高的运动黏度增加了黏性阻力和摩擦阻力,FLC薄膜摩擦系数反而上升;同时,FLC薄膜的磨损率随黏度增大而减小,当黏度超过26 mm~2/s之后,变化幅度趋缓。     

钼／全氟聚醚复合薄膜的制备及摩擦学性能研究

利用电子束蒸镀和浸涂技术在GCrl5轴承钢表面制备了钼／全氟聚醚复合润滑膜(Mo／PFPE)；利用接触角测定仪和X射线光电子能谱仪分析了复合润滑膜的表面性质和化学状态；采用DF—PM型动-静摩擦系数精密测定仪考察了复合薄膜的摩擦学性能，采用扫描电子显微镜观察分析了薄膜磨损表面形貌．结果表明，与金属Mo薄膜相比，Mo／PFPE复合薄膜同钢对摩时的摩擦系数显著降低，耐磨性能明显改善，Mo／PFPE复合薄膜同钢对摩时主要呈现轻微磨粒磨损特征．     

Fe_3Al/WS_2复合材料的真空摩擦学性能研究

采用热压烧结的方法制备了添加WS2质量百分数为10%、20%和30%的Fe-28Al-5Cr基复合材料,通过XRD和SEM等手段分析了样品的相组成和组织结构.利用自制的真空摩擦试验机测试了样品在4×10-4Pa真空下的摩擦学性能.研究结果显示:通过与WS2的复合能够显著降低Fe3Al基金属间化合物在真空条件下的摩擦系数,但三种不同WS2含量复合材料的摩擦系数差别不大.随着WS2含量增加,复合材料的磨损率逐渐降低,特别是30%复合材料的磨损率较纯Fe-28Al-5Cr的磨损率低约1个数量级.滑动速度和载荷对三种材料的摩擦系数和磨损率均有一定的影响.纯Fe3Al的磨损表面较为粗糙,出现严重的剥落坑和剥落痕迹,磨损机理为严重的疲劳磨损.添加质量百分数为10%WS2的复合材料的磨损机理为磨粒磨损和疲劳磨损;添加WS2质量百分数为20%和30%的复合材料,其磨损表面相对较为光滑平整,磨损机理为轻微剥落.因此,在复合材料制备中添加WS2能够显著提高Fe3Al金属间化合物的真空摩擦学性能.     

溅射二硫化钼膜在不同润滑条件下的摩擦学性能分析

通过MoS2膜/钢、钢/钢摩擦副分别在干摩擦、油和脂润滑条件下的球-盘式摩擦学试验,对比分析了润滑条件、载荷、滑动速度对MoS2膜摩擦系数的影响.利用原子力显微镜(AFM)对膜层磨损形貌进行表征,研究润滑条件对膜层磨损寿命的影响.结果表明:在4122仪表油和FAG脂润滑下,MoS2膜在零速启动、中低速情况下的动、静摩擦系数均比MoS2干膜和钢/钢摩擦副的要低;固-液复合润滑时的MoS2膜的耐磨性均比干膜摩擦时有所降低,MoS2干膜的磨损率约为8.1×10-7mm3/(N.m),在油和脂润滑时其磨损率分别约为2.4×10-5mm3/(N.m)和5.5×10-6mm3/(N.m).     

Group properties of utt=[F(u)ux]x

The group properties and the associated Lie algebra are developed for the subject quasilinear wave equation, for arbitrary f[fεC²(R), f > 0, f ≠ 0]. From the resulting information sets of explicit invariant solutions are constructed for wave propagation in gases and for the transonic equation.     

Exact solution of the non-linear differential equation RR̈ + 32R2 − AR−4 + B = 0

The non-linear equation $\text{R}\text{R}\text{?}\text{+}\text{3}\text{2}\text{R}{}^2\text{- AR}{}^{\mathrm{?4}}\text{+ B = 0}$ is shown to represent simply periodic motion with a minimum at R₁ and a maximum at R₁R₀ or a maximum at R₁ and a minimum at R₁R₀^?1. R₀ is a function of the ratio $\text{A}\text{B}$ and is greater than 1 for $\text{A}\text{B}$ > 1 and less than 1 for $\text{A}\text{B}$ > 1. The period of the motion satisfies the simple relation T(R₀^?1) = R₀^?1T(R₀). The exact solution to the above equation is represented in terms of elliptic integrals of the first and second kinds and a simple algebraic function.     

惯导／GNSS／罗兰C／航姿系统组合导航方案

为保证飞行器的导航精度及可靠性,采用了惯导/GNSS/罗兰C/航姿系统的组合导航。该组合导航采用开环组合方式,将多系统导航信息在计算机中进行综合,提高导航信息精度。仿真试验结果说明,所设计的组合导航系统是可行的,能满足任务要求。     

Explicit expressions of S(v), H(v) and L(v) for anisotropic elastic materials

The three matrices L(v), S(v) and H(v), appearing frequently in the investigations of the two-dimensional steady state motions of elastic solids, are expressed explicitly in terms of the elastic stiffness for general anisotropic materials. The special cases of monoclinic materials with a plane of symmetry at x₃ = 0, x₁ = 0, and x₂ = 0 are all deduced. Results for orthotropic materials appearing in the literature may be recovered from the present explicit expressions.     

Phase portraits and bifurcations of the non-linear oscillator: ẍ + (α + γx2 + βx + δx3 = 0

The non-linear oscillator ? + αx + γx²x + βx + δx³ = 0 is studied using the methods of differentiable dynamics to obtain qualitative behaviour. The case x, β<0; γ, δ> 0 is considered in some detail; it has physical relevance as a simple model in certain now-induced structural vibration problems in which the structural non-linearities act to maintain overall stability. The presence of local and global bifurcations is detected and their physical significance discussed.     

Rheology/morphology/flow conditions relationships for polymethylmethacrylate/rubber blend

Viscoelastic behavior, phase morphology and flow conditions relationships in polymer/rubber blends have been investigated. The importance of such correlations is illustrated on polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)/rubber blends subjected to different flow conditions both under small and large deformations. In small-amplitude oscillatory shear (the morphology does not change during the flow) the elastic modulus G of the concentrated blends shows a secondary plateau, G _p , in the low frequency region. This solid-like behavior appears for rubber particle contents beyond the percolation threshold concentration (15%). Morphological observations revealed that for concentrations higher than 15%, the particles are dispersed in a three-dimensional network-type structure.In capillary flow it was found that the network-type structure was destroyed and replaced by an alignment of particles in the flow direction. This morphological modification resulted in a decrease in both viscosity and post-extrusion swell of the blends. Morphological observations revealed that the ordered structure in the flow direction was concentrated only in the skin region of the extrudate, where the shear stress is higher than the secondary plateau, G _p . A simple kinetic mechanism is proposed to explain the observed morphology.Similarly, steady shear measurements performed in the cone-and-plate geometry revealed alignment of particles in the flow direction for shear stress values higher than G_p.Presented in part at the Symposium Recent Developments in Structured Continua Montréal (Canada) 26–28 May 1993 and at the 45th Canadian Chemical Engineering Conference, Quebec, October 15–18 (1995)     

溅射沉积WSx/Ni/a-C/Ni多层膜的微结构及大气环境摩擦学性能

采用磁控溅射技术在硅基体上交替沉积WS₂、Ni及非晶碳(a-C)层制备出不同Ni层厚度的WS_x/Ni/a-C/Ni多层膜. 利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、拉曼光谱仪、X射线光电子能谱仪等研究了多层膜的成分及微观结构；通过纳米压痕仪、划痕仪和球盘式摩擦磨损试验机等评价了薄膜的力学及大气环境中的摩擦学性能. 结果表明:随着Ni层厚度的增加，WS_x/Ni/a-C/Ni多层膜的致密度下降，n_s/n_w值(S与W原子百分数之比)由0.84降至0.73，WS_x层以微晶或非晶的形式存在. 多层膜的硬度和磨损率均随Ni层厚度的增加先降低后升高，但摩擦系数由0.22升至0.38，结合力先增大后减小. Ni层厚度为6 nm的多层膜的硬度可达13.4 GPa，抗氧化性能和耐磨性最优，磨损率仅为9.47×10–14 m3/(Nm).      

机翼-机身-挂架-短舱复杂流场数值模拟

本文采用分区搭接网格技术,对机翼/机身/挂架/短舱复杂组合体进行网格分布,通过分析计算网格对结果的影响,探讨了网格的划分.基于Roe的近似黎曼解的方法,采用S-A湍流模型,通过求解N-S方程,对该组合体外流场/发动机短舱内流场进行一体化数值模拟,与相应风洞实验数据进行了比较与分析,取得了与实验数据较为吻合的结果.与无发动机短舱的组合体的气动特性进行比较,分析了短舱对翼身组合体的气动干扰.     

On free energy-based formulations for kinematic hardening and the decomposition F = fpfe

Within the framework of linear plasticity, based on additive decomposition of the linear strain tensor, kinematical hardening can be described by means of extended potentials. The method is elegant and avoids the need for evolution equations. The extension of small strain formulations to the finite strain case, which is based on the multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient into elastic and inelastic parts, proved not straight forward. Specifically, the symmetry of the resulting back stress remained elusive. In this paper, a free energy-based formulation incorporating the effect of kinematic hardening is proposed. The formulation is able to reproduce symmetric expressions for the back stress while incorporating the multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient. Kinematic hardening is combined with isotropic hardening where an associative flow rule and von Mises yield criterion are applied. It is shown that the symmetry of the back stress is strongly related to its treatment as a truly spatial tensor, where contraction operations are to be conducted using the current metric. The latter depends naturally on the deformation gradient itself. Various numerical examples are presented.     

智能车辆SINS/DGPS/视觉/数字地图组合导航技术

为适应自主驾驶车辆的高精度、高频率与高可靠性的导航要求,提出了一种机器视觉/数字地图/CP-DGPS共同辅助SINS的智能车辆组合导航方法,建立了组合导航系统的滤波模型。该滤波模型的量测信息不仅包括GPS与SINS形成的位置与姿态观测信息,还包括机器视觉/数字地图/SINS形成的横向偏差观测信息。通过对SINS的多重冗余辅助,使得导航系统具备容错能力。仿真结果表明,该组合导航系统能为智能车辆提供其空间位置、速度、加速度与姿态角等众多导航信息,并具有100Hz的高频输出、厘米级的导航精度和容错性能,当GPS较长时间中断时,通过SINS/视觉/数字地图的组合仍能为智能车辆提供可靠的导航数据。