复合材料粘接件热变形问题实验研究

本文采用云纹干涉法,对复合材料粘接件承受温度载荷作用,粘接板热膨胀失配造成的胶层剪应变及其随温度的变化特进行了分析,提出了用复合材料两个方向膨胀系数分别取代各向同性体问题的热膨胀系数,为云纹干涉法在复合材料热变形问题的热膨胀系数,为云纹干涉法在复合材料热变形问题的应用打下了基础.     

用云纹干涉法测复合材料的固化残余应变

云纹干涉法是研究复合材料变形的一种有效方法.本文讨论了用云纹干涉法测量复合材料的固化残余应变,获得了试件表面的位移条纹图,并用电测方法加以验证。     

用显微云纹干涉法研究SiC/Ti-15-3界面热残余应力场

SiC/Ti-15-3复合材料基体与增强体之间的热膨胀系数存在显著差异。在复合材料制造过程中经高温冷却后,在基体与增强体的界面会产生热残余应力场。此残余应力场对复合材料的力学性能会产生重要的影响。本文运用纤维推出法推出部分SiC纤维后,采用显微云纹干涉法在细观尺度研究了上述界面处的热残余应力,得到了分辨率较高的云纹图,并由此计算出了孔边处的残余应力。用有限元软件对界面热残余应力进行了数值模拟分析。实验结果表明,显微云纹干涉法可以用来测量直径为0.1 mm左右的纤维界面附近的残余应力场,在此尺度下,使用显微云纹干涉法比用电子束云纹法更方便。     

碳/环氧复合材料加工引起的残余热变形的微观云纹干涉方法研究

本文提出了一种新的微观云纹干涉法来测量碳/环氧复合材料的热变形.文中对该方法的原理和测量技术进行了详细的讨论,用碳/环氧复合材料制作了一个16层[90°2,0°2,+45°2,-45°2]的试样板,测量了由于加工引起的层间残余变形,计算了层间应变分量εx,εy,γxy.实验结果表明这种微观云纹干涉法能分辨出几十到几百微米范围内的云纹条纹.比传统的云纹干涉法具有更高的分辨率.     

相移云纹干涉法与盲孔法相结合检测复合材料的残余应力

本文应用相移云纹干涉法与盲孔法相结合检测纤维增强复合材料的残余应力。盲孔法是工程中被广泛应用的测定残余应力的方法之一,相移云纹干涉方法可得到孔边任意一点的位移信息。由于正交各向异性复合材料在弹性主方向不发生拉剪(或剪拉)耦合效应,所以通过适当读取孔边特殊点的位移,可方便地得到残余应力值。     

云纹干涉法现场测量中的变形试件栅复制技术

本文研究了云纹干涉法的现场测量技术.该方法在现场测量过程中复制变形的试件栅.试件栅上保留了载荷引起的变形信息,通过云纹干涉法可以得到这些变形信息.该方法不但具有云纹干涉法的所有优点,并且使云纹干涉法可以在光学实验室以外场合中应用.     

云纹干涉条纹倍增方法研究

本文将云纹干涉法与载波法、倍增技术相结合,提出一种位移场和应变场云纹干涉条纹倍增方法,该方法使得云纹干涉法测量灵敏度提高四倍以上。文中对该方法给出了严格的理论推导和实验验证。     

单光束楔形镜云纹干涉法

本文利用单光束楔形镜云纹干涉法代替传统的双光束云纹干涉法进行位移场和应变场的测量.单光束云纹干涉法具有光路简单,不受环境干扰等特点.本文将云纹干涉法的波前理论与近代光学信息技术有机地结合起来,对单光束干涉系统进行了分析,得到了记录的光强和再现的位移应变公式.利用该系统,得到了三点弯矩形梁的全场位移条纹图和应变条纹图.     

云纹干涉法在新材料细观力学实验研究中的应用

本文介绍了云纹干涉法用于新材料细观力学实验研究的几个典型例子，实验结果不仅为这些新材料的细观本构理论研究提供了重要的实验依据，同时也表明云纹干涉法是固体材料细观力学实验研究的有效手段之一。最后简要地分析了云纹干涉法在细观力学实验研究中的测量能力。     

云纹干涉法测量灵敏度与精度分析

本文分析了限制云纹干涉法测量灵敏度和影响测量精度的主要因素，并提出了相应的改进措施，对提高云纹干涉法的测量灵敏度和精度具有一定指导意义．     

冲击载荷下炸药装药动态响应的有限元分析及热点形成机理的数值模拟

对稳态温度场中受冲击载荷作用的炸药药柱进行了弹粘塑性分析。在Ｐｅｒｚｙｎａ本 构模型的基础上，作了适当的补充和修正，将流动参数γ、弹性模量Ｅ均视为温度的函数，动态 有限元计算结果表明，计算曲线和实验曲线有很好的近似。为模拟材料中不均匀性的影响，在 药柱中心引入一孔洞，有限元计算结果给出含孔洞药柱的粘塑性动态响应、药柱网格变形图以 及药柱等温线，可以清楚看出在孔洞附近区域有局部高温产生。本文的本构模型和计算方法对 于研究冲击载荷下炸药装药的力学响应以及炸药装药中热点形成机理的数值模拟提供了良好 的基础。     

不同加载边界下混凝土巴西劈裂过程及强度的DIC实验分析

平板、垫条、圆弧压模及平台试样等不同加载方式下, 脆性材料巴西劈裂实验结果的差异一直是人们所讨论的问题. 本文设计了混凝土平板直接加载与采用垫条加载实验, 采用理论、高速相机与数字图像相关法(digital image correlation, DIC)相结合的方法, 对试样表面应变场演化、起裂位置及裂纹扩展过程进行分析, 探讨了不同的加载边界对试样应变集中演化及劈裂拉伸强度结果的影响. 结果显示: (1)混凝土拉伸非线性特性导致的应变集中演化对不同加载条件非常敏感, 平板加载时应变集中较早在加载端起始并向中心演化, 即使满足巴西实验"中心起裂"条件, 其强度仍低于垫条加载情况, 两者差别达17.9%; (2)如果软垫条加载接触角合理设计, 与平板直接加载相比, 其应力场更稳定, 有利于保证圆盘试样的应变集中及断裂均从中心起始, 更好满足巴西劈裂实验条件; (3)仅校验巴西实验 "中心起裂"有效性条件是不充分的, 设计时必须谨慎考虑. 研究结果对脆性材料巴西劈裂实验设计、测试分析具有重要参考意义.      

EFFECTS OF SI,N AND B DOPING ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF GRAPHENE SHEETS

Molecular dynamics(MD) simulations were performed to stretch the rectangular graphene sheets doped with silicon, nitrogen or boron atoms. Young's modulus, ultimate stress(strain) and energy absorption were measured for the graphene sheets with the doping concentration(DC) ranging from 0 to 5%. The emphasis was placed on the distinct effects of each individual dopant on the fundamental mechanical properties of graphene. The results indicated that incorporating the dopants into graphene led to an almost linear decrease in Young's modulus. Monotonic reductions in ultimate strength, ultimate strain and energy absorption were also observed. Such doping effects were found to be most significant for silicon, less pronounced for boron, and small or negligible for nitrogen. The outputs provide an important guidance for the development and optimization of novel nanoscale devices, and facilitate the development of graphene-based M/NEMS.     

非比例加载下两相介质弹塑性特性的有限元分析

在Ｉｌｙｕｓｈｉｎ五维应变空间下,利用弹塑性有限变形的有限元法。研究了两相介质在非比例加载下的弹塑性特性,提出了应力模、延迟角随应变路径、转折角变化的近似计算公式,计算结果还表明,工程材料的许多复杂本构特性都是由第二相介质引起的．     

The concentration of stress and strain in finite thickness elastic plate containing a circular hole

The elastic stress and strain fields of finite thickness large plate containing a hole are systematically investigated using 3D finite element method. It is found that the stress and strain concentration factors of the finite thickness plate are different even if the plate is in elasticity state except at notch root of plate surface. The maximum stress and strain do not always occur on the mid plane of plate. They occur on the mid plane only in thin plate. The maximum stress and strain concentration factors are not on mid plane and the locations of maximum stress and strain concentration factors are different in thick plate. The maximum stress and strain concentration factors of notch root increase from their plane stress value to their peak values, then decrease gradually with increasing thickness and tend to each constant related to Poisson’s ratio of plate, respectively. The stress and strain concentration factors at notch root of plate surface are the same and are the monotonic descent functions of thickness. Their values decrease rapidly and tend to each constant related to Poisson’s ratio with plate thickness increasing. The difference between maximum and surface value of stress concentration factor is a monotonic ascent function of thickness. The thicker the plate is or the larger the Poisson’s ratio is, the larger the difference is. The corresponding difference of strain concentration factor is similar to the one of stress concentration factor. But the difference magnitude of stress concentration factor is larger than that of strain concentration factor in same plate.     

含缺口构件高周疲劳寿命的损伤力学封闭解法

本文根据损伤力学建立含缺口板守恒积分、应力与应变集中系数公式以及疲劳裂纹形成寿命的封闭解法。对铝合金含缺口板寿命预估结果与实验结果基本一致。本方法节省机时并可代替大量实验,具有一定的工程实用性。     

土的应力-应变关系的一种描述模式

通常将由土的剪切试验测得的应力-应变关系曲线(q～ε1曲线)分为应变硬化型和应变软化型,文中提出了一种能同时描述应变硬化型q～ε1曲线和应变软化型q～ε1曲线的新模式,并导出了统一的切线模量表达式,进一步探讨了该应力-应变关系曲线描述模式在拟合应变硬化型曲线时的简化形式,及简化形式中参数取值方法和参数与围压的关系等方面的问题。通过与邓肯-张模型和应变软化模型的对比,结果表明该应力-应变关系曲线描述模式能更好地与试验数据吻合,且用其简化形式拟合应变硬化型曲线时,可以通过调整其中一个参数值来表达出不同的曲线形式,从而体现出土体应力-应变关系的多样性。该应力-应变关系描述模式为发展更一般的非线性弹性模型提供了一定的理论基础。     

边坡高填方路基下伏多层采空区稳定性数值模拟评价[

运用快速拉格朗算法分析了多层采空区路基在未处理、注浆处理和注浆处理路基加筋拼接3种工况下路基采空区受力变形和稳定特征。分析结果表明高填方路基在自重荷载和车辆荷载下打破原有采空区平衡状态,注浆加固处理后采空区应力重分布出现新的平衡,但在填方交界区域出现一定的剪应变增量集中,采取加筋处理后剪应力增量下移,路基整体性和变形协调性显著提高。     

三晶体中三晶交线附近弹性应变能集中的有限单元分析

提出应变能集中这一概念,对三晶体中三晶交线附近的弹性应变能的集中特性进行了计算,发现当加载方向平行于三晶交线时,三晶交线附近有弹性应变能集中,但是集中程度不是很高,当加载方向垂直于三晶交线时,根据三晶体中组元晶体的相对位置的不同和取向的不同,三晶交线附近或者没有弹性应变能集中,或者有弹性应变能集中,而且在一些情况下与平行于三晶交线方向加载的情况相比,弹性应变能的集中程度要高很多。     

In-situ Strain Field Measurement and Mechano-electro-chemical Analysis of Graphite Electrodes Via Fluorescence Digital Image Correlation

Background

Mechano-electro-chemical coupling during the ion diffusion process is a core factor to determine the electrochemical performance of electrodes. However, relationship between the mechanics and the electrochemistry has not been clarified by experiments.

Objective

In this work, we conduct an in situ, visual, comprehensive characterization of strain field and Li concentration distribution to further explore the mechano-electro-chemical relationship.

Methods

The digital image correlation characterized by fluorescent speckle and active optical imaging is developed. Combined with electrochromic-based Li concentration detection, the spatiotemporal evolution of in-plane strain and Li concentration of a graphite electrode during the lithiation and delithiation processes are measured and displayed visually via a dual optical path acquisition system.

Results

The visual results show that in-plane strain and Li concentration possess a spatially non-uniform gradient distribution along the radial direction (i.e., diffusion path) with large values outside and small values inside, and that both present obvious temporal segmentation. And mechano-electro-chemical coupling analysis reveals that the in-plane strain is not always linearly related to the concentration and infers that a high strain limits the diffusion and lithiation. The strain–concentration evolution exhibits obvious asymmetric differences between lithiation and delithiation, wherein three equations are fitted to approximately represent the evolution process between in-plane strain and concentration during the lithiation and delithiation processes

Conclusions

This work overcomes the difficulties of fine strain measurements and collaborative concentration characterization during the electrochemical process, and provides an effective experimental method and data support for further exploration of mechano-electro-chemical coupling.