界面微裂纹屏蔽J_k矢量投影守恒

用理论推导和电算实践证明，尽管两相材料界面裂纹Ｊ积分的显函数表达式与均质材料中不同，尽管界面裂纹尖端固有的 １／２＋ｉε振荡奇异性和张开滑移型固有的耦合造成近尖区应力场分布的复杂性，但作者在均质材料微裂纹屏蔽问题中发现的Ｊ积分再分配关系 Ｊｋ矢量投影守恒定理在两相材料界面微裂纹屏蔽问题中仍然成立．这再次说明，远场Ｊ积分向界面裂纹尖端传递过程中跨越微裂纹群是有损失的．这个损失可用Ｊｋ矢量在界面裂纹延线坐标轴上的投影来定量地评估     

非晶态高聚物裂尖银纹损伤场

在非晶态高聚物裂端塑性区引入银纹损伤，提出了一个修正的Dugdale模型，并由它确定塑性区的大小，算例表明，银纹损伤导致了塑性区深度的增加。此外，在Dugdale模型下研究了稳态扩展的端塑性区，在裂纹缓慢扩展、小范围银纹化以及材料为线粘弹性等假定下，由能量原理得到了控制裂纹生长的一个非线性微分一积分方程，从中看到银纹损伤的影响十分显著。     

一种固体推进剂破坏的细观实验研究

固体推进剂是一种颗粒填充高能聚合物,其破坏时所表现出的一些行为和金属的破坏相比,有明显不同之处。本文利用扫描电镜,给出了受载情况下固体推进剂试件的损伤发展以及裂纹扩展过程。结果表明,损伤的发展过程也就是微裂纹区扩展及微裂纹密度加大的过程,而裂纹扩展过程中的慢速扩展和亚临界扩展的最大区别则是其裂尖损伤区范围不同,同时也表明,裂纹尖端和边缘的微裂纹损伤区尺寸已不容忽略。     

界面主裂纹和微裂纹之间的干涉

采用复势函数的位错解方法，通过对奇异积分方程的建立和数值求解，研究了界面主裂纹同界面及基体微裂纹之间的干涉．结果表明远场载荷角ψ同Ｄｕｎｄｅｒ’ｓ参数α对界面微裂纹及基体中水平微裂纹同主裂纹干涉的影响都很显著，而ψ对屏蔽区的影响则远小于α对其的影响     

准脆性材料断裂过程区中的圆饼微裂纹损伤计算

准脆性工程材料及结构在外力作用下，不仅引起内部缺陷变化和微裂纹的出现及发展，且使得其结构承载能力降低或性能劣化．在其材料失效过程中常存在裂缝与断裂损伤过程区．为研究材料细观缺陷或微裂纹与宏观破坏的规律，通过细观力学方法，对于代表性体积单元RVE中的圆饼型微裂纹的尺寸与密度变化，探讨其宏观断裂过程区力学参量与损伤之间的量化关系．借助宏观断裂过程区的黏聚裂纹模型，将损伤单元RVE嵌入到宏观裂缝端部的断裂过程区中，对其进行联接细观损伤到宏观破坏的力学多尺度研究．文中也通过实验数据，对其理论计算结果进行了算例的讨论与分析．     

基于M积分的脆性材料微缺陷等效损伤面积/体积表征

随着脆性材料在工程中的广泛应用,对脆性材料中微缺陷进行统一的损伤水平标定,具有重要的科学研究和工程应用价值. 本研究提出一种基于M积分的材料等效损伤面积/体积标定方法, 以具有相同M积分值的圆孔面积或球孔体积来标定 复杂微缺陷构型的损伤水平,从而实现不同类型微缺陷真实损伤水平的统一表征. 首先,基于Lagrangian能量密度函数推导 了M积分定义式,并简述了M积分的物理意义,基于域积分方法实现二维/三维M积分的数值计算. 随后,提出了基 于M积分的材料缺陷等效损伤面积/体积标定方法,以圆孔面积/球孔体积来标定复杂微缺陷材料系统的损伤水平. 最后, 针对单轴拉伸载荷作用下的二维/三维脆性体含不同缺陷构型,具体计算了椭圆孔、裂纹以及双裂纹、双孔洞、裂纹和孔洞干 涉等复杂缺陷构型情况下的等效损伤面积/体积,并详细分析了缺陷之间的干涉效应及影响因素. 本研究旨在基于M积分等 效方法量化脆性材料中各类微缺陷造成的损伤程度,实现损伤等级标定,有益于工程材料及结构的损伤容限设计及完整性评估.      

压电材料中的微裂纹屏蔽问题分析

分析当主裂纹与一个微裂纹在远场I型力（KI）和远场电位移（Ke)作用下的相互干涉问题,得出了在微裂纹的位置角和方向角周时独立变化时,微裂纹对主裂纹的屏蔽作用的全局使命主裂纹扩展,通过电算还发现Ortiz在各向同性材料和各向异性材料中得出的“微裂纹群对主裂纹最大屏蔽效应产生在微裂纹方向与最大主应力垂直的方向”在压电材料中不再成立,进而提出除Hutchinson指出微裂纹屏蔽效应两个来源（即：材料有效刚度的降低和残余应力的释放）外的另一个来源,微裂纹对主裂砂电场的扰动,在对主微裂纹J积分分析时发现J2积分与J1积分具有同等重要的地位。     

冻土破坏过程的微裂纹损伤区的计算分析

对冻土破坏过程进行了试验研究，冻土破坏的过程是微裂纹损伤与临界串接的演化过程，确认了冻土微裂纹损伤区的存在，并分别用莫尔准则和最大拉应力准则建立了微裂纹损伤区计算模式。将微裂纹损伤区按缺陷处理并简化为当量裂纹，进行了裂纹尺寸的定量计算，结果表明其尺寸与冻土中初始裂纹尺寸相当，将计算结果与观测结果相比较，误差不超过10％。     

单轴拉伸条件下脆性岩石微裂纹损伤模型研究

利用断裂力学、损伤力学和均匀化原理,对脆性岩石单轴拉伸条件下的力学特性进行分析,建立了脆性岩石的微裂纹损伤本构模型.首先对岩石内部微裂纹的统计分布规律进行分析,给出了理论分析过程中微裂纹分布的假设条件,在此基础上,参考已有研究成果,得到含细长微裂纹脆性岩石有效弹性参数的计算公式.然后,对岩石内部单一微裂纹进行断裂力学和损伤力学分析,得到了扩展裂纹尖端的应力强度因子计算公式,在一定微裂纹断裂扩展准则和断裂扩展速率的假设基础上,利用积分原理,得到了岩石整体的损伤变量和损伤演化方程,由此建立单轴拉伸条件下脆性岩石的微裂纹损伤本构模型.最后,通过一花岗岩的单轴拉伸试验结果对微裂纹损伤本构模型进行了验证.     

循环J积分作为疲劳裂纹扩展驱动力的研究

对循环Ｊ积分ΔＪ可否作为应力强度因子幅ΔＫ不再适用的场合的裂纹扩展驱动力进行了研究。用Ｄ－Ｂ法估计了中心裂纹板（ＣＣＰ）和单边裂纹板（ＳＥＣＰ）试件受单调加载作用的Ｊ积分的塑性部分Ｊｐ，并与有限元结果进行了比较。本文还对Ｖ型和半圆切口根部萌生的短裂纹在循环载荷下进行了弹塑性大应变有限元分析。结果表明ΔＪ有一定的路径相关性，即由较靠近裂尖的积分路径得的ΔＪ值小于较远路径上获得的，两者又都小于Ｄ－Ｂ法估计得ΔＪ值，切口根部短裂纹扩展实验和表面裂纹远场大应变控制下低周疲劳实验表明，由Ｄ－Ｂ法估计的ΔＪ在一定条件下可以作为疲劳裂纹扩展驱动力，深度方向和表面长度方面的裂纹扩展率皆可由线性似合线来表示。考虑闭合效应后，ｄａ／ｄＮ－ΔＪｅｆｆ也是Ｐａｒｉｓ型关系，而且可在切口根部萌生出的裂纹很短的条件下使用     

论M积分和Bueckner功共轭积分之间的关系

对均质各向同性材料、各向异性材料和两相各向同性材料中的裂纹问题各提出一种辅助的位移应力场，证明Ｍ积分和Ｂｕｅｃｋｎｅｒ功共轭积分之间有一种固有的简单关系．这个关系与材料特征根无关，也不受界面裂纹尖端应力振荡奇性的影响．由此证明，Ｍ积分在上述三种情况下，从本质上说来源于Ｂｅｔｉ功互等定理．正像Ｊ积分的本质来源于功互等定理一样．只是辅助的位移应力场不同而已，这说明，Ｂｕｅｃｋｎｅｒ由Ｂｅｔｉ功互等定理提出的功共轭积分是更为一般的路径无关积分．因为，由Ｂｕｅｃｋｎｅｒ积分加上不同的辅助位移应力场可推出任何一种已发表的路径无关积分来．     

Interaction between an interface crack and subinterface microcracks in metal/piezoelectric bimaterials

The J-integral analysis is presented for the interaction problem between a semi-infinite interface crack and subinterface matrix microcracks in dissimilar anisotropic materials. After deriving the fundamental solutions for an interface crack subjected to different loads and the fundamental solutions for an edge dislocation beneath the interface, the interaction problem is deduced to a system of singular integral equations with the aid of a superimposing technique. The integral equations are then solved numerically and a conservation law among three values of the J-integral is presented, which are induced from the interface crack tip, the microcracks and the remote field, respectively. The conservation law not only provides a necessary condition to confirm the numerical results derived, but also reveals that the microcrack shielding effect in such materials could be considered as a redistribution of the remote J-integral. It is this redistribution that does lead to the phenomenological shielding effect.     

Further investigation of interaction between interface macrocrack and parallel microcracks in bimaterial anisotropic solids

In this paper, with the aid of superimposing technique and the Pseudo Traction Method (PTM), the interaction problem between an interface macrocrack and parallel microcracks in the process zone in bimaterial anisotropic solids is reduced to a system of integral equations. After the integral equations are solved numerically, a conservation law among three kinds ofJ-integrals is obtained which are induced from the interface macrocrack tip, the microcrack and the remote field, respectively. This conservation law reveals that the microcrack shielding effect in such materials could be considered as the redistribution of the remoteJ-integral. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, and the Doctorate Foundation of Xi'an Jiaotong University     

反平面扩展裂纹的J积分与COD

给出一个以任意速率扩展的反平面裂纹与路径无关的Ｊ积分，证明Ｊ积分扩展裂纹尖端的张开位移（动态ＣＯＤ）之间有的简单的关系，Ｊ积分与能量释放率，动应力强度因子之间也有简单关系，利用这些关系，给出了动态ＣＯＤ与动应力强度因子之间的关系式。     

Formation factor and tortuosity of homogeneous porous media

In this paper, volume averaging in porous media is applied to the microscopic electric charge conservation equation (differential form of Ohm's law) and an expression is derived for the formation factor of a homogeneous porous medium saturated with an electrically conductive fluid. This expression consists of two terms; the first term involves the integral of the current density over the fluid volume and the second term involves the integral of the electric potential over the solid-fluid interface. The physical meaning of the two terms is discussed with the help of three idealized porous media. The results for these media indicate a definite relation between the second term and tortuosity. These results also demonstrate the simplistic nature of the classical definition of the tortuosity as a ratio of geometric lengths. An exact relation between the formation factor and tortuosity is presented. It is shown that the assumed equivalence of the electrical and hydraulic tortuosities is not valid. The general application of the expression for the formation factor is discussed briefly.     

Interactions of multiple parallel symmetric permeable mode-III cracks in a piezoelectric material plane

In this paper, the interactions of multiple parallel symmetric and permeable finite length cracks in a piezoelectric material plane subjected to anti-plane shear stress loading were studied by the Schmidt method. The problem was formulated through Fourier transform into dual integral equations, in which the unknown variables are the jumps of displacements across the crack surfaces. To solve the dual integral equations, the jumps of displacements across the crack surfaces were directly expanded as a series of Jacobi polynomials. Finally, the relation between the electric field and the stress field near the crack tips was obtained. The results show that the stress and the electric displacement intensity factors at the crack tips depend on the lengths and spacing of the cracks. It is also revealed that the crack shielding effect presents in piezoelectric materials.     

MULTIPLE PARALLEL SYMMETRIC PERMEABLE MODEL-Ⅲ CRACKS IN A PIEZOELECTRIC/PIEZOMAGNETIC COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLANE

In this paper, the interactions of multiple parallel symmetric and permeable finite length cracks in a piezoelectric/piezomagnetic material plane subjected to anti-plane shear stress loading are studied by the Schmidt method.The problem is formulated through Fourier transform into dual integral equations, in which the unknown variables are the displacement jumps across the crack surfaces.To solve the dual integral equations, the displacement jumps across the crack surfaces are directly expanded as a series of Jacobi polynomials.Finally, the relation between the electric field, the magnetic flux field and the stress field near the crack tips is obtained.The results show that the stress, the electric displacement and the magnetic flux intensity factors at the crack tips depend on the length and spacing of the cracks.It is also revealed that the crack shielding effect presents in piezoelectric/piezomagnetic materials.     

Birkhoff系统的一类积分不变量的构造

分别建立了自由Birkhoff系统和约束Birkhoff系统的非等时变分方程,并且利用系统的Birkhoff方程及其非等时变分方程证明,可由第一积分直接构造该系统基于非等时变分的一类积分不变量。文中,举例说明结果的应用。