高雷诺数下多柱绕流特性研究

采用改进的延迟分离涡方法数值模拟了高雷诺数下的柱体绕流,包括单圆柱绕流、单方柱绕流、串列双圆柱绕流和串列双方柱绕流,研究了不同雷诺数下圆柱绕流与方柱绕流的水动力特性. 计算结果与实验数据及其他文献的数值计算结果吻合良好,研究表明,单方柱绕流在范围内未出现类似于单圆柱绕流的阻力危机现象,其平均阻力系数\overline{C_d}、升力系数均方根{C\mathrm{\text{'}}}_l及斯特劳哈尔数\mathit{St}维持在一定范围内波动. 串列双圆柱绕流与串列双方柱绕流中,均选取L/D=2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5和4.0这五中间距比进行计算. 串列双圆柱绕流中,当\mathit{Re}=2.2\times 10^4时,在内存在一临界间距比(L_c/D)使得L_c/D前后上下游圆柱的升阻力系数发生跳跃性变化,且当时,下游圆柱的阻力系数为负数. 而当\mathit{Re}=3.0\times 10^6时,则不存在临界间距比,且下游圆柱的阻力系数始终为正数. 串列双方柱绕流在\mathit{Re}=1.6\times 10^4和\mathit{Re}=1.0\times 10^6两种工况下的临界间距比分别处于和区间内,且当时,两个雷诺数下的下游方柱阻力系数均为负数.      

应力诱发界面迁移下晶内孔洞的演化

随着微电子技术的迅猛发展, 集成电路中内连导线的失效问题引起广泛关注. 内连导线内部孔洞萌生、长大、漂移和失稳变形成狭长裂纹, 从而导致电路的开路失效. 这是内连导线失效的常见形式. 而界面迁移是导致微结构形态演化的主要机制之一. 本文基于界面迁移下微结构演化的经典理论和弱解描述, 建立了应力诱发界面迁移下微结构演化的有限单元法, 并验证了算法的可靠性. 对铜内连导线中晶内孔洞的演化进行了数值模拟, 详细分析了应力、线宽及形态比对晶内孔洞演化的影响. 研究结果表明, 椭圆形晶内孔洞存在生长和收缩两种演化分叉趋势. 通过大量数值分析得到了晶内孔洞演化的临界应力{\stackrel{\text{?}}{\sigma }}_c 、临界线宽{\stackrel{\text{?}}{h}}_c 和临界形态比{\beta }_c . 当\stackrel{\text{?}}{h}\mathrm{?}{\stackrel{\text{?}}{h}}_c, \stackrel{\text{?}}{\sigma }或\stackrel{\text{?}}{h} 时, 晶内孔洞会沿长轴长大; 反之, 晶内孔洞会收缩甚至愈合. 此外, 应力\beta 越大、线宽\stackrel{\text{?}}{\sigma } 越小或形态比\stackrel{\text{?}}{h} 越大, 晶内孔洞越易发生长大, 且孔洞面积增大速度越快; \beta 越小、\stackrel{\text{?}}{\sigma } 越大或\stackrel{\text{?}}{h} 越小, 晶内孔洞越易发生收缩, 且孔洞面积减小速度越快.      

错列角度对双圆柱涡激振动影响的数值模拟研究

为研究错列角度\alpha对双圆柱涡激振动问题的影响,采用自主研发的基于CIP (constrained interpolation profile)方法的数值模型,对雷诺数\mathit{Re}=100、错列角度\alpha =0^{°}\mathrm{~}90^{°} (间隔15 #x00B0;)的等直径双圆柱涡激振动问题进行数值模拟. 模型在笛卡尔网格系统下建立,采用具有三阶精度的 CIP 方法求解 N-S (Navier--Stokes)方程,采用浸入边界法处理流--固耦合问题,避免了任意拉欧方法下的网格畸变和重叠动网格技术中的大量信息交换问题,保证了模型的计算效率. 重点分析不同错列角度\alpha上下游圆柱的升阻力系数、位移响应、涡脱频率和尾涡模态等. 结果表明:折合速度U_r=2.0\mathrm{~}3.0时,上下游圆柱升阻力随错列角度的增大基本呈单调增大的趋势;U_{\mathrm{r}}=5.0\mathrm{~}8.0时,随错列角度的增大,上下游圆柱阻力变化较小,升力呈“上凸”趋势,在\alpha =15^{°}\mathrm{~}30^{°}取得最大值;U_r=10.0\mathrm{~}13.0时,随错列角度的增大,上下游圆柱阻力变化较小,升力呈“下凹”趋势,在\alpha =30^{°}\mathrm{~}45^{°}取得最小值,且柱体横流向振幅和升力没有明显的对应关系. 最后,结合尾涡模态对以上规律的成因进行分析. 研究结果可为相关海洋工程设计提供参考.      

功能梯度材料动力学问题的POD模型降阶分析

为了快速分析非均质材料结构在复杂载荷作用下的动态响应, 提出一种模型降阶方法, 只需计算结构在简单均质材料情况下的动力学问题, 进而用其计算结果对非均质材料结构进行分析. 首先, 采用结构内部任意一点处的材料参数值作为整个结构的材料参数, 利用有限元分析软件计算该均质材料结构在动态载荷作用下的位移场建立数据库, 该数据库包含计算模型各个节点(自由度为L)在某时间段内L个时刻的位移; 其次, 对数据库中的信息按照时间离散的特定方式组集成瞬像矩阵, 并利用特征正交分解方法对其进行分解, 得到该模型的H个特征正交基底, 选取其中能反应模型主要特征的个(其中\mathrm{~})作为一组最优基底, 通过这组基底建立模型的低阶离散控制方程; 最后, 求解低阶离散微分方程组, 得到功能梯度材料结构在复杂载荷作用下的位移场. 文中分别给出二维和三维算例, 比较了降阶模型和全阶模型计算结果, 验证了该方法的有效性, 并且计算效率能提高1{\mathrm{}}^{1)}2个数量级.      

REPRESENTATION THEOREM AND ONE-ITERATION THEOREM FOR FREDHOLM INTEGRAL EQUATION OF THE FIRST KIND Ax=y

In this paper,two theorems are presented.The representation theorem states:if the Fredholm integral equation of the first kind Ax=y,with bounded L_2 kernel,has a uniquesolution(?),then(?),whereThe one-iteration theorem states:(?)can be achieved in one iteration by(?)=x_0 g_0 A*(y-Ax_0)iff one of the following conditions is satisfied.     

复杂加载条件下的砂土本构模型

试验表明,饱和砂土的应力应变关系具有显著的密度以及压力依存性,上述两点构成了描述砂土静力加载下变形特性无法忽视的因素. 此外,在循环加载等复杂加载作用下,砂土还会表现出明显的应力诱导各向异性以及相变转换特性. 基于在e--p空间中存在唯一的临界状态线这一基本假定,通过在e--p空间中引入当前状态点与临界状态线的距离R来作为反映密度与压力依存特性的状态参量, 将变相应力比以及峰值应力比表达为状态参量的指数函数,将上述应力比参量引入到统一硬化参量中可准确地反映初始状态下围压、密度 对于单调加载下应力应变关系的影响规律,能描述砂土剪缩、剪胀,应变软化、硬化等特性. 采用非相关联流动法则,p--q空间中采用水滴型屈服面,塑性势面为椭圆面,松砂在单调加载下的静态液化现象也可描述. 为反映循环加载下塑性体积应变的累积特性以及塑形偏应变的滞回特性,在循环加载下将状态参量R表达为应力比参量,并在硬化参数中引入描述应力诱导各向异性特性的旋转硬化部分,所提模型可有效地描述循环加载下剪切模量的衰减特性、刚度衰化性质、强度减小特性,在不排水约束作用下,则会产生往返活动性现象. 通过一系列的模型模拟与试验结果对比,验证了本构模型的有效性及适用性.      

一种考虑液相惯性的一维准静力固结模型

经典Terzaghi一维固结理论不考虑孔隙流体惯性影响,且该理论在不同时期模型推导和表述结果差别较大,导致当前仍存在诸多困惑甚至认识混乱的现象. 在笔者前期研究大变形动力固结理论框架内,忽略固相惯性而重点考虑液相惯性影响,经过合理简化建立反映孔隙流体惯性的一维小变形固结波动模型. 该固结波模型具有频散和耗散特性. 采用分离变量法,可得到单面排水和瞬时加载条件下无量纲形式固结波解析解答. 算例分析结果表明:固结波发展规律受无量纲数D_{\mathrm{c}}变化影响而呈现不同性态;D_{\mathrm{c}}数值较大时固结波响应会出现阶跃和正负波动现象;当D_{\mathrm{c}}值较小时,可能出现Mandel-Cryer效应等特殊现象. 通过对早期和后期Terzaghi固结模型的分析和对比,初步探明Terzaghi固结理论模型内部的矛盾性,在普通土体坐标和固相体积坐标两种不同解读条件下,早期Terzaghi (1923,1925)模型可以分别诠释为具有小变形和大变形属性的不同固结模型. 在经典一维固结理论模型的不同诠释背景下,固结波模型也可以据此作出相应拓展和表述. 固结波理论揭示缩尺固结试验中土体物理力学参数与固结波响应两种因素之间存在一种不确定性矛盾,据此建议微观土力学研究重视尺度效应. 固结波模型的意义还在于,可为Terzaghi经典固结模型理论精度分析提供新的依据.      

高温气体热化学反应的DSMC微观模型分析

热化学耦合的非平衡现象一直是高温气体热化学问题研究的难点, 制约了诸如爆轰波胞格结构、低温点火速率等现象的分析. 本文以高温氮气离解和氢氧燃烧中的链式置换反应为例, 从微观反应概率、振动态指定的反应速率、热力学非平衡态的宏观反应速率、碰撞后的能量再分配等角度, 分析了直接蒙特卡罗模拟中的典型化学反应模型(TCE, VFD, QK模型)的微观动力学性质. 研究发现, 无论是高活化能的高温离解反应还是低活化能的链式置换反应, 实际参与反应的分子的振动能概率分布都偏离了平衡态的Boltzmann分布, 包含较强振动能额外影响的VFD模型可以很好地模拟高温离解反应, 而TCE (VFD的一个特例)和QK模型对活化能较低的链式置换反应的预测效果相对更好. 此外, 化学反应碰撞后的能量再分配应遵循微观细致平衡原理, 细微的偏差都可能造成平动能和振动能难以达到最终的平衡状态. 直接蒙特卡罗模拟的应用评估结果表明, 化学反应的振动倾向对热化学耦合过程产生了明显的影响, 特别是由于高振动能分子更多地参与了化学反应, 气体平均振动能的下降将影响后续化学反应的进行.      

扩展腔对方波型微混合器混合性能的影响研究

微混合器凭借节约试剂、混合强度高和易于集成等优点,在材料合成、医药制备和生化检测等领域中具有广泛的应用. 为了进一步提高混合性能,保证混合过程的安全性及生化反应结果的准确性,设计了一种带扩展腔的新型方波型微混合器. 在综合考虑混合强度和压降的前提下,通过实验研究和数值模拟分析了窄缝宽度、窄缝长度和扩展腔高度对微混合器混合性能的影响并得到了不同雷诺数\mathit{Re}条件下的最优结构参数. 与方波型微混合器的混合性能进行比较,发现\mathit{Re}=20时,带扩展腔的方波型微混合器的混合强度更高,其中\mathit{Re}时两者混合强度相差最多,可达12%. 在相同\mathit{Re}下,带扩展腔的方波型微混合器的压降要低于方波型微混合器. 对带扩展腔的方波型微混合器进行内部流场分析,发现扩展腔结构能在流体层流状态的基础上引入涡流,使通道中流体的流动状态发生改变、对流增强,进而混合性能提高.      

Correction to: Identifying Efficient Transport Pathways in Early‑Wood Timber: Insights from 3D X‑ray CT Imaging of Softwood in the Presence of Flow

Transport in Porous Media - A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11242-021-01569-3     

Practical evaluation of five partly discontinuous finite element pairs for the non‐conservative shallow water equations

This paper provides a comparison of five finite element pairs for the shallow water equations. We consider continuous, discontinuous and partially discontinuous finite element formulations that are supposed to provide second‐order spatial accuracy. All of them rely on the same weak formulation, using Riemann solver to evaluate interface integrals. We define several asymptotic limit cases of the shallow water equations within their space of parameters. The idea is to develop a comparison of these numerical schemes in several relevant regimes of the subcritical shallow water flow. Finally, a new pair, using non‐conforming linear elements for both velocities and elevation (P?P), is presented, giving optimal rates of convergence in all test cases. P?P₁ and P?P₁ mixed formulations lack convergence for inviscid flows. P?P₂ pair is more expensive but provides accurate results for all benchmarks. P?P provides an efficient option, except for inviscid Coriolis‐dominated flows, where a small lack of convergence is observed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Multivariant finite elements for three-dimensional simulation of viscous incompressible flows

Within multivariant elements, which have restricted degrees of freedom at some nodes, different velocity components have different variations. Shape functions for the multivariant elements Q P_o and R P_o are developed. With such shape functions the value of a velocity component within a multivariant element is shown to depend upon all the independent components of velocity at the nodes of the element. The use of the Q₁ P₀ element to simulate flows with discontinuous boundary conditions generated disturbance throughout the flow domain, giving erroneous pressure and velocity distributions. The Q P_o element restricted the disturbance due to such discontinuities to a small region near the singular points, whereas the P P_o element completely eliminated the fluctuations. Flows with discontinuous boundary conditions were simulated with reasonable accuracy by partially relaxing the no-slip condition on the Q₁ P_o elements near the singular points.     

Singular perturbation of nonlinear vector boundary value problem

In this paper we study the perturbed boundary value problem of the form dx/dt=f(x,y,t;ε), εdy/dt=g(x,y,t;ε), a_1(ε)x(0,ε)+a_2(ε)y(0,ε)=a(ε) b_1(ε)x(1,ε)+εb_2(ε)y(1,ε)=β(ε)in whichx,f,β∈E~m, y,g,a∈E~n, 0<ε(?)1and a_1(ε), a_2(ε), b_2(ε)and b_2(ε) are matrices of the appropriate size. Under the condition that g_y(t) is nonsingular and other suitable restrictions, the existence of the solution is proved, the asymptotic expansion of solution of order n is constructed, and the remainder term is estimated.     

Asymptotic Behavior of 3 D $3D$ Unstable Structures Made of Beams

Journal of Elasticity - In our previous papers (Griso et al. in J. Elast. 141:181–225, 2020; J. Elast., 2021, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10659-021-09816-w ), we considered thick periodic...     

The behaviour of several stress–velocity–pressure mixed finite elements for Newtonian flows

The Q₂/P₁, P/P₁, P₂/P₀ and Q₁/P₀ velocity–pressure mixed elements are extended to the stress–velocity–pressure formulation, using the same interpolants for stress and velocity, and tested in the 4-to-1 contraction problem for Stokes flow. The comparison shows significant differences among them, which are not present when the velocity–pressure formulation is used. To provide a better understanding of the phenomenon, several variants of the previous elements are introduced, obtained by either changing the pressure space or by enriching the stress space with bubble functions. The formulation exhibits a strong sensitivity to the first alternative, while the second produces only a minor effect. These observations are confirmed by a convergence test effected on a regular problem with the explicit analytical solution. Also, as a result of the whole comparison, the P/P/P₁ element looks promising for three-field calculations.     

Necessary and sufficient conditions for the absolute stability of discrete type lurie control system

ＮＥＣＥＳＳＡＲＹＡＮＤＳＵＦＦＩＣＩＥＮＴＣＯＮＤＩＴＩＯＮＳＦＯＲＴＨＥＡＢＳＯＬＵＴＥＳＴＡＢＩＬＩＴＹＯＦＤＩＳＣＲＥＴＥＴＹＰＥＬＵＲＩＥＣＯＮＴＲＯＬＳＹＳＴＥＭＺｈａｎｇＪｉｙｅ（张继业）（ＲｅｃｅｉｘｅｄＯｃｔ．５．１９９４Ｃｏｍｍｕ...     

Correction to: Darcy–Brinkman–Forchheimer Model for Film Boiling in Porous Media

Transport in Porous Media - A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11242-021-01631-0     

Correction to: Pore Space and Fluid Phase Characterization in Round and Angular Partially Saturated Sands Using Radiation‑Based Tomography and Persistent Homology

Transport in Porous Media - A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11242-021-01630-1     

Study of Hydraulic Properties of Uncoated Paper: Image Analysis and Pore-Scale Modeling

In this study, uncoated paper was characterized. Three-dimensional structure of the layer was reconstructed using imaging results of micro-CT scanning with a relatively high resolution \((0.9~\upmu \hbox {m})\). Image analysis provided the pore space of the layer, which was used to determine its porosity and pore size distribution. Representative elementary volume (REV) size was determined by calculating values of porosity and permeability values for varying domain sizes. We found that those values remained unchanged for domain sizes of \(400\times 400\times 150\,\upmu \hbox {m}^{3}\) and larger; this was chosen as the REV size. The determined REV size was verified by determining capillary pressure–saturation Open image in new window imbibition curves for various domain sizes. We studied the directional dependence of Open image in new window curves by simulating water penetration into the layer from various directions. We did not find any significant difference between Open image in new window curves in different directions. We studied the effect of compression of paper on Open image in new window curves. We found that up to 30% compression of the paper layer had very small effect on the Open image in new window curve. Relative permeability as a function of saturation was also calculated. Water penetration into paper was visualized using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Dynamic visualization of water flow in the paper showed that water moves along the fibers first and then fills the pores between them.     

Correction to: Periodic Waves in the Fractional Modified Korteweg–de Vries Equation

Journal of Dynamics and Differential Equations - A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10884-021-10016-2