静压气体球轴承支承球形转子的干扰力矩分析

中心小孔供气单向受载球面气体轴承可以用于球形转子的静平衡测量。对作用于转子上的干扰力矩进行估算是平衡装置设计的重要部分。本在一定假设条件下推导了由粘性剪切应力和气膜支撑力引起的作用于转子上的干扰力矩。干扰力矩以轴承包角、中心气室张角、气膜压力、转子转速、转子旋转轴位置、失中度、转子非球表示。以干扰力矩最小为准则分析了这些参数的影响，结论有助于静平衡装置的优化设计以及对精度的进一步分析。     

局部多孔质气体静压轴向轴承静态特性的数值求解

运用数值方法分析局部多孔质节流气体静压轴向轴承的静态性能,分别建立局部多孔质圆柱塞内的压力分布方程和气体薄膜内的压力分布方程,利用坐标变换将局部多孔质圆柱塞的圆柱坐标与气体薄膜的圆柱坐标转换到同一笛卡儿坐标系,为有限元离散奠定基础.经过有限元推导,求得局部多孔质气体静压轴向轴承的承载能力与静态刚度,并对局部多孔质节流进行试验以验证理论模型的正确性.另外,对局部多孔质节流气体静压轴向轴承和小孔节流气体静压轴向轴承进行对比试验.结果表明:局部多孔质节流和小孔节流静压轴承的承载能力随着气膜厚度的减小而增加;静态刚度随着气膜厚度的增加先增加后减小;局部多孔质节流比小孔节流具有较高的承载能力和静态刚度.     

推力轴承对轴承－转子系统的耦合作用研究

研究了推力轴承对轴承－转子系统的耦合作用。在传递矩阵法的基础上，提出一种研究考虑推力轴承影响的轴承－转子系统的动力学的通用方法。研究中考虑了如下几个因素：（１）推力盘的静态倾斜；（２）转子的静变形；（３）径向轴承中负荷的重新分配；（４）偏载对径向轴承性能的影响；（５）推力轴承对系统稳定性的影响。研究结果表明，在某些情况下，推力轴承对径向轴承的动特性、转子的静挠度、系统稳定性等具有显著的影响     

狭缝节流气体静压轴颈-止推轴承静态特性分析

在气体静压轴颈 -止推轴承的离散化过程中 ,采用有限元方法 ,利用加权余量法将其二阶偏微分方程降低一阶 ,使利用三角单元线性插值函数成为可能 ,简化了压力分布方程式的计算 ,给出了轴承的静态特性 ,分析了结构工艺尺寸、狭缝宽度和轴承间隙等因素对径向和轴向承载性能的影响 ,揭示了轴颈和止推轴承之间的相互影响规律 ,并且研究了轴承内部气膜压力分布的规律 .最后 ,通过实测值对计算结果进行了验证     

狭缝节流气体静压轴颈—止推轴承静脉特性分析

在气体静压轴颈－止推轴承的离散化过程中，采用有限元方法，利用加权余量法将其二阶偏微分方程降低一阶，使利用三角单元线性插值函数成为可能，简化了压力分布方程式的计算，给出了轴承的静态特性，分析了结构工艺尺寸、狭缝宽度和轴承间隙等因素对径向和轴向承载性能的影响，揭示了轴颈和止推轴承之间的相互影响规律，并且研究了轴承内部气膜压力分布的规律，最后，通过实测值对计算结果进行了验证。     

大间隙环流壁面摩擦及偏心转子静特性研究

基于紊流整体流动模型和Ｍｏｏｄｙ壁面摩擦系数方程简化了大间隙环流三维流非线性偏微分控制方程组,推导了零阶摄动方程并采用数值方法对大间环流中偏心转子静特性进行了深入研究。实例计算结果表明：大间隙环流中转子与以灿承和密封为代表的小间隙环流中转子的静特性有很大同;壁面摩擦系数沿周向变化,同时转子和静子壁面粗糙度以及偏心率对大间隙环流中转子静特性有较大的影响。     

非接触式气体润滑密封变形的数值分析

针对离心泵用非接触式螺旋槽气体润滑密封，通过采用有限元法求解描述密封端面间气体流动的雷诺方程，计算了不同约束、不同结构的静密封环和配对动密封环的力变形、端面泄漏量、开启力及气膜刚度等参数，分析了变形对密封特性的影响．结果表明：密封环的力变形使得端面气膜形状大多呈发散型，约束对其变形大小具有重要影响，选择合适的约束可以减小密封面转角、提高气膜刚度、增强密封工作稳定性；变形对密封的开启力影响不大，但变形导致泄漏量增大，并明显改变气膜刚度。     

粗糙度对大间隙环流偏心转子动特性系数的影响

基于作者建立的大间隙环流中转子运动的理论模型,用摄动法推导了大间隙环流流场非线性控制方程的一阶摄动方程,采用数值方法研究了静子和转子壁面粗糙度对大间隙环流中偏心转子动特性系数的影响。研究结果表明：静子和转子壁面粗糙度对大间隙环流中偏心转子动特性系数有较大影响。所得到的数值结果与已有的解析解和实验结果具有较好的一致性。     

弹支-双圆盘大长径比柔性转子球体动平衡分岔特性分析

针对弹支-双圆盘大长径比柔性转子球体动平衡抑振机理问题,基于Lagrange方程建立系统振动模型并进行线性化处理,进而采用旋转坐标变换转为自治系统;分析平衡解约束方程及构成情况,绘制Campbell图求取转子固有频率;应用分岔理论分析球体质量、转子转速、支承刚度、平衡器间距及偏心相位差等因素对系统稳定性的影响,得到稳定区域分布情况;通过仿真初步验证分析结果,进而搭建转子实验平台,并基于高速相机的观测,验证理论结果的正确性。理论与实验结果表明:高阶临界转速之上,球体平衡可有效制止偏心引起的转子轴线偏移与倾斜。     

透平转子的可靠性设计

介绍透平转子的可靠性设计方法。该方法以传统的转子强度和振动的设计方法为基础,把透平转子的静应力、材料静强度、应力幅、尺寸系数、表面加工系数、应力集中系数、材料疲劳极限、热疲劳累积损伤程度、材料低周疲劳程度、蠕变寿命、固有频率、激振力频率、不平衡响应等处理为随机变量,使用机械概率设计法确定转子设计的可靠度。文中给出了透平转子静强度、疲劳强度、热疲劳、蠕变寿命、避开弯曲共振、避开扭转共振和限制不平稳响     

洗衣机液体平衡环偏心旋转研究

洗衣机在旋转过程中会产生较大离心力,由于偏心旋转,引起内筒与壁面的强烈撞击．为了减小撞击引起的振动,洗衣机上安装液体平衡环．平衡环结构的设计,包括平衡环环道的数量、平衡环内部腔体的数量、隔断上面开孔的位置和大小、注入液体体积等．对五种结构的平衡环进行了数值模拟分析,包括单环无腔平衡环、双环无腔平衡环、单环3腔平衡环、双环3腔平衡环和双环24腔平衡环;研究了3 mm、5 mm的不同偏心距以及25rpm、30rpm、40rpm、50rpm等不同转速和平衡环启动阶段0~15s的动态转速等旋转条件的影响．本文首先对平衡环偏心旋转离心力的现有理论计算模型进行改进,然后,通过四种平衡环、四种转速、两种偏心距下的离心力数值模拟,验证了所做改进的合理性和有效性,最后,对三种平衡环、两种偏心距进行启动阶段的动态数值模拟,并对模拟结果进行分析,从而给出平衡环结构上的设计建议．     

Influence of coolant injector configuration on film cooling effectiveness for gaseous and liquid film coolants

An experimental investigation is conducted to bring out the effects of coolant injector configuration on film cooling effectiveness, film cooled length and film uniformity associated with gaseous and liquid coolants. A series of measurements are performed using hot air as the core gas and gaseous nitrogen and water as the film coolants in a cylindrical test section simulating a thrust chamber. Straight and compound angle injection at two different configurations of 30°–10° and 45°–10° are investigated for the gaseous coolant. Tangential injection at 30° and compound angle injection at 30°–10° are examined for the liquid coolant. The analysis is based on measurements of the film-cooling effectiveness and film uniformity downstream of the injection location at different blowing ratios. Measured results showed that compound angle configuration leads to lower far-field effectiveness and shorter film length compared to tangential injection in the case of liquid film cooling. For similar injector configurations, effectiveness along the stream wise direction showed flat characteristics initially for the liquid coolant, while it was continuously dropping for the gaseous coolant. For liquid coolant, deviations in temperature around the circumference are very low near the injection point, but increases to higher values for regions away from the coolant injection locations. The study brings out the existance of an optimum gaseous film coolant injector configuration for which the effectiveness is maximum.     

洗衣机液体平衡环仿真模拟

波轮式洗衣机在脱水过程中会因离心力而产生强烈的振动，液体平衡环的纠偏特性是减振的最主要方式之一．平衡环通过环内液体流动产生的离心力来达到减振目的，因此平衡环内液体离心力数值的准确性直接影响仿真模拟的结果．过往研究采用离心力理论公式进行的仿真模拟与实验结果有较大偏差．而本文将FLUENT仿真得到的离心力数值，代入ADAMS中进行洗衣机整机的仿真，可以得到与实验更为接近的仿真结果．     

管道内全阻塞障碍物对气相爆轰波传播特性的影响

建立了长2 800 mm、内径为50 mm的圆管内爆轰波传播实验装置,采用光电二极管探测火焰锋面以获得爆轰波的传播速度,采用烟迹法记录爆轰波的胞格结构。通过在管道不同位置设置阻塞率为1的聚丙烯薄膜,研究不同初始压力下不同氩气稀释浓度的C₂H₂+2.5O₂+nAr预混气体爆轰波在通过全阻塞障碍物前后传播速度及胞格结构的变化。结果表明,气相爆轰波在达到稳态爆轰后,在通过全阻塞薄膜障碍物的过程中会产生2种不同的传播形式:速度亏损和爆轰失效。气相爆轰波穿过不同区域的传播过程可以分为3个阶段:稳态传播阶段、速度亏损阶段或爆轰失效阶段、过驱爆轰阶段。     

Effect of thickness of film of fuel on the rate of heterogeneous (gas-film) detonation

The article discusses the process of detonation in a tube filled with a gaseous oxidizer (oxygen), over whose whole perimeter there is deposited a film of fuel (a hydrocarbon with a low vapor pressure). It is assumed that the rate of heat evolution is determined by the diffusional (noninstantaneous) mixing process of the vaporizing fuel and the oxidizer. The dependence of the detonation rate on the thickness of the film of deposited fuel is obtained.     

Mass transfer with gas desorption from the surface of a liquid film in the presence of a cocurrent flow

Results of a thcoretical and experimental study of dynamics and mass transfer during desorption of a gas from a liquid film in the presence of a cocurrent air flow are presented. The calculation model is based on solving integral momentum and diffusion relations for the gaseous and liquid phascs. Both laminar and turbulent regimes of the film flow are analyzed. The experimental study of mass transfer was conducted for carbon dioxide desorption from a water film. Criterial relations for mass transfer in the gaseous and liquid phases are obtained. The experiments showed that the heat-transfer coefficients for the case under study are one order of magnitude grcater than those for the flow of a smooth film. Possible mechanisms of such an appreciable intensification of the liquid-film mass transfer in a cocurrent gas flow are discussed. Kutateladze Institute of Thermal Physics, Siberian Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090. Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 41, No. 4, pp. 131–138, July–August, 2000.     

Stability and decay of a cylindrical film of liquid in a gaseous medium

Close to the orifice the film of liquid flowing from the nozzle of a pressure jet atomizer is approximately cylindrical in shape. Usually it also decays close to the nozzle and for a preliminary theoretical study it is convenient to formulate the problem of the stability of a cylindrical film of liquid moving in a stationary gaseous medium.     

Dynamics of a finite-width liquid film in a co-current microchannel gas flow

The velocity fields and the parameters of a finite-width liquid film moving along the bottom of a mini- and a microchannel under the action of a gas flow are calculated. The investigations are performed for different levels of gravity. It is found that the thin liquid film distorts the velocity field in the gaseous phase. In contrast to the minichannel flow, in the microchannel the film surface is not leveled with increase in the gravity force.     

Thin plate theory including surface effects

In the paper, a general thin plate theory including surface effects, which can be used for size-dependent static and dynamic analysis of plate-like thin film structures, is proposed. This theory is a modification and generalization of the thin plate model in [Lim, C.W., He, L.H., 2004. Size-dependent nonlinear response of thin elastic films with nanoscale thickness. Int. J. Mech. Sci. 46, 1715–1726]. With the general theory, the governing equations of Kirchoff and Mindlin plate models including surface effects are derived, respectively. Some numerical examples are provided to verify the validities of the theory.     

基于时变啮合刚度的变位齿轮系统热弹流润滑研究

为探究动载荷作用下变位齿轮系统的热弹流润滑特性，综合考虑齿轮变位和时变啮合刚度的影响，基于动力学理论，建立了齿轮的六自由度摩擦动力学模型，分析振动与静载荷作用下变位齿轮系统的热弹流润滑特性. 研究表明:与其他传动类型相比，正传动齿轮系统的润滑效果最佳，轮齿间可以形成较厚的润滑油膜，轮齿间的摩擦系数、油膜的最高温升最小，并且，随着两齿轮变位系数和的增大，润滑状况不断得到改善，热胶合承载能力增强；变位系数增加使齿轮系统的刚度增大，但同时降低了油膜的刚度.