高效双非线性平面梁单元算法研究

基于随转坐标法和场一致性原则发展了一种用于结构几何与材料双非线性分析的平面梁单元算法,并编制了相应的计算机程序。在随转坐标系下计入材料非线性,采用截面纤维积分法处理任意形状的平面梁单元截面并导出截面切线刚度矩阵,并利用虚功原理得到单元切线刚度矩阵,此过程无需迭代,因而使计算效率得到很大提高;几何非线性效应则通过变量在随转坐标系与结构坐标系之间的转换得以体现。用本文方法对肘式框架的几何非线性进行分析,计算结果与试验结果吻合良好;对简支梁进行分析,在只考虑材料非线性而不考虑几何非线性情况下,本文结果和已有文献结果与解析解的误差分别为1.5%和4.2%;在考虑几何与材料双非线性情况下,本文结果和已有文献结果与ANSYS程序解的误差分别为2.9%和5.9%,与已有文献结果相比,本文所得受力后期的荷载-位移曲线更接近实际情况。     

钢管混凝土柱-钢梁节点的力学性能分析

基于弹塑性有限元理论建立了钢管混凝土柱-钢梁节点荷载-位移全过程非线性有限元模型,在单元分析中采用改进的AUL表述推导得到梁柱单元刚度矩阵方程,同时考虑了材料的物理非线性和单元的几何非线性,并编制了非线性有限元程序NLFEACFST。采用该模型对相关研究者和作者进行的节点试验进行了分析,理论计算结果与试验结果比较表明,该模型具有很好的适用性和精度。在理论分析模型得到试验结果验证的基础上,对典型的中柱节点进行了荷载-位移全过程非线性特性分析,并对影响节点承载力和荷载-位移骨架曲线的因素进行了参数分析,为进一步从理论研究钢管混凝土框架结构的力学性能创造了条件。     

适用于几何非线性气动弹性分析的结构动力学降阶模型方法研究

几何非线性是壁板颤振和大展弦比机翼气动弹性等问题的一个主要特征，在进行数值仿真分析时往往需要采用商业非线性有限元求解器，存在计算量大和耦合迭代策略不易控制等问题。本文发展了一种适用于几何非线性的结构动力学降阶模型(CSD-ROM),利用广义坐标的非线性多项式表征非线性内力，采用参数识别方法获取多项式系数，并通过增加额外的线性模态来改善模型预测精度。基于此方法，分别针对壁板颤振、切尖三角翼的CFD/CSD-ROM非线性颤振问题开展了时域响应分析。计算结果表明，通过CSD-ROM计算出的壁板颤振速度为590 m/s,颤振频率为174 Hz,与有限元结果误差分别为0.8%和1.7%。马赫数0.879时切尖三角翼的颤振动压预测结果为2.25 psi,与非线性有限元相比的误差为3.8%。本文采用的非线性和线性模态基底组合方法，在保证计算精度的基础上可有效降低训练样本数量，一定程度上可替代非线性有限元开展气动弹性分析。     

谐波平衡法与复平均法计算强非线性系统稳态响应的区别

近些年，很多学者致力于利用非线性增强振动响应减少的效果或者能量采集器的效率。因而非线性系统的响应值需要从理论计算方面更准确地预测。另外，根据学者已取得的研究成就，非线性能量汇(NES)中存在的立方刚度非线性可以将结构中宽频域的振动能量传递至非线性振子部分。文章将一种由NES和压电能量采集器组成的NES-piezo装置与两自由度主结构耦合连接，系统受谐和激励作用。文章采用谐波平衡法和复平均法分别推导了系统稳态响应，参照数值结果，对比两种近似解析方法在求解强非线性系统稳态响应时的异同。计算结果表明，系统体现较弱非线性时，二者计算结果差异很小；当系统体现强非线性时，复平均法不能准确地呈现系统高阶响应，提高阶数的谐波平衡法能更准确地表示系统响应值。基于谐波平衡法和数值算法，讨论NES-piezo装置对于系统宽频域减振的影响。与仅加入非线性能量汇情况对比，结果表明NES-piezo装置不会恶化宽频域减振效果，并且在第一阶共振频率附近，可以稍微提高结构减振效率。另外，计算结果也表明，采用恰当的NES-piezo装置可实现宽频域范围的结构减振和压电能量采集一体化。此项研究工作为研究不同情形强非线性系统的响应提供了理论方法的指导。另外，研究结果也为宽频域范围的结构减振和压电能量采集一体化提供了理论依据。     

钢－混凝土组合梁非线性有限元分析

提出了部分剪力连接钢-混凝土组合梁非线性有限元分析的简化模型，该模型同时考虑了钢、混凝土材料的非线性本构关系和剪力连接件的滑移非线性对组合梁刚度和强度的影响，推导了考虑滑移的剪力连接件单元刚度矩阵。利用该模型计算了连续组合梁的极限荷载、挠度、应力以及滑移，与已有的理论计算结果和实验结果吻合，证明本方法分析钢-混凝土组合梁非线性的可靠性和实用性。     

钢筋混凝土空间杆件精细非线性分析模型

针对现有钢筋混凝土空间杆件非线性分祈模型进行了评还,应用结构力学方法推导得到了沿秆长配筋分布均匀的钢筋混凝土空间杆件的非线性单元刚度矩阵,建立了应用高斯积分点所在截面的非线性性质描述钢筋混凝土空间杆件非线性的计算过程。对于沿杆长配筋分布不均匀的杆件,根据其实际情况,将其细分为两段或三段沿杆长配筋分布均匀的杆段,以沿杆长配筋分布均匀的钢筋混凝土空间杆件非线性分析模型为基础,建立了沿杆长配筋分布不均匀的空间杆件的非线性分析模型。最后,给出了两个算例。就本文方法及程序的计算结果与模型结构振动台试验结果、常规非线性杆件模型的计算结果进行了比较。     

有限元—传递矩阵法求解链式结构非线性系统的动力响应

本文提出一分析多自由度非线性振动系统时域响应的数值计算法,并就一三自由度非线性系统,分别计算了此系统具有一个非线性弹簧、两个非线性弹簧和三个非线性弹簧三种情况下的动态响应;通过与对应的线性系统响应结果的比较,验证了此法的有效性、可靠性和多种优点.     

有初始缺隐的矩形板非线性屈曲分析

推导出几何非线性和物理非线性且存在初始缺隐的矩形薄板在纵向荷载作用下增量形式的基本微方程，并用伽辽金配点法求解该方程。数值计算结果与已有文献的理论和实验结果相当一致。     

一种基于非线性弹簧新的球轴承接触有限元模型

基于Hertz接触理论和非线性弹簧模型提出了一种新的球轴承有限元建模方法。所提方法在沟道圆心间设置非线性弹簧,采用Hertz理论建立非线性弹簧力与变形关系,通过非线性弹簧长度判断球体是否与套圈发生接触。数值算例表明该方法人计算结果与Hertz理论解一致,说明该方法可行有效,并且此方法精度较高。     

单桩横向非线性惯性响应简化分析计算方法

根据已建立的地基土-单桩系统横向非线性动力相互作用的简化分析模型,在动力Winkler模型的基础上,研究单桩横向非线性惯性响应。简化模型中．地基土对桩轴的横向非线性作用力．由非线性迟滞退化弹簧模拟,地基土在运动过程中的能量耗散,由与弹簧并联的粘壶模拟。利用有限元空间离散技术和Newmark-β法,讨论了横向惯性荷载作用下．单桩运动方程在时域中的求解方法。计算结果表明,该模型能够反映单桩非线性惯性响应的主要特征。能够揭示各种非线性因素,如：桩周土的迟滞效应、退化、屈服,以及土-桩界面的分离等,对单桩惯性响应的影响。计算结果与试验结果相当吻合。     

A perturbation-variational solution of the large deflection of rectangular plates under uniform load

In this paper, von Karman’s set of nonlinear equation for large deflection of rectangular plates is at first converted into several sets of linear equations by taking central dimensionless deflection as perturbation parameter, and then, the sets of linear equations for plates with various ratio λ of length to width are solved with application of variational method. The analytical expressions for displacements and stresses as well as formulas for numerical calculation are worked out. The figures of maximum deflection-load end maximum stress with ratio H of length to width as a parameter are given in this paper. Through comparison, it is found that the results of this paper are quite in accord with experiments.     

High-order methods for differential equations with large first-derivative terms

A method is developed to solve elliptic singular perturbation problems. Examples are presented in one and two dimensions for both linear and non-linear problems. In particular, examples are presented for fluid flow problems with boundary layers. In the one-dimensional case an approximating equation is developed using just three points. The method first presented is a fourth-order approximation but is extended to become a higher-order method. Results are included for the fourth-, sixth-, eighth- and tenth-order methods. The results are first compared with results found by Segal in an article about elliptic singular perturbation problems. The elliptic singular perturbation problems are compared with a method by Il'in and also with central and backward difference schemes from Segal's article. There was only one case where the results in Segal's paper were as accurate as the results presented in this paper. However, in this case the method used by Segal did not give accurate values for a second problem presented. The results are also compared with results given by Spalding and by Christie. The method of this paper was also tested on the solution of some non-linear diffusion equations with concentration-dependent diffusion coefficients. The results were superior to results presented by Lee and by Schultz. Finally, the method is extended to several two-dimensional problems. The method developed in this paper is accurate, easy to use and can be generalized to other problems.     

The solution of rectangular plates with large deflection by spline functions

In this paper, Von Karman ’s set of nonlinear equations for rectangular plates with large deflection is divided into several sets of linear equations by perturbation method, the dimensionless center deflection being taken as a perturbation parameter. These sets of linear equations are solved by the spline finite-point (SFP) method and by the spline finite element (SFE) method. The solutions for rectangular plates having any length-to-width ratios under a uniformly distributed load and with various boundary conditions are presented, and the analytical formulas for displacements and deflections are given in the paper. The computer programs are worked out by ourselves. Comparison of the results with those in other papers indicates that the results of this paper are satisfactorily better.     

二维槽道湍流的标度律分析

对不同Reynolds数的二维不可压槽道湍流（即二维槽道流动的扰动饱和态）进行了标度律分析.指出二维槽道湍流中存在明显的标度律及扩展自相似性;分析了标度指数随着流动Reynolds数的变化,指出随着Reynolds数的增长,标度指数的奇异性并没有减小的趋势;由此推测充分发展的二维槽道湍流的标度指数也是奇异的、将所得计算值和余振苏等人的SL标度律预测值相比较,认为余等人的SL标度律公式能很好描述二维湍流.     

Optimal prestress of structures with frictional unilateral contact interfaces

Summary The problem of optimal prestress stabilization of elastic structures with frictional contact interfaces subject to static loads is studied in this paper. A linear elastic structure with given unilateral contact at frictional interfaces is considered. The prestressing control is modelled by the pin-load method. The static problem is formulated as a nonsymmetric variational inequality. The goal of the optimal control design is closing of the unilateral contact joints as well as minimization of the friction induced slips with a minimum effort. The resulting optimal control problem is nonsmooth and nonconvex, as it concerns the control of structures governed by variational inequalities. Appropriate techniques of nonsmooth analysis are used for its numerical solution. Effective computer realization and integration into existing finite element software is facilitated by appropriate static condensation techniques, which are outlined in the paper. Numerical examples illustrate the theory.     

基于一种简化Green应变的薄壳大挠度方程

将正交曲线坐标下的格林应变张量引入到薄壳大变形分析,通过建立恰当的基本假设,直接导出了用格林应变张量表示的壳体变形几何方程,将该方程代入到本构方程,由能量原理得到了小应变非线性变形平衡方程、内力方程和边界条件,在此基础上提出了大应变变形的简化分析方法．文中导得的方程涵盖薄板壳大、小变形的全部方程,推导过程简捷、系统,所得结果规则、清晰,与此前有关分析方法的结果完全吻合．     

Axi-symmetric wave propagation in a cylinder coated with a piezoelectric layer

This paper presents the wave propagation in a cylinder coated with a thin piezoelectric layer. The piezoelectric coupling effects are fully modeled in the mechanics model for this piezoelectric coupled cylindrical shell with bending resistance. The decoupled torsional wave velocity and the dispersion curves for the two- mode shell model are obtained theoretically. The cut-off frequency and phase velocities at limit wave number are also derived. The numerical simulations are conducted to present the results of wave propagation in this cylindrical shell and as well as to compare the results by the current bending theory and the membrane shell theory. From the comparisons, the results display obvious deference of wave propagations in terms of dispersion characteristics by different shell theories when thicker piezoelectric layer are used and when higher wave number is considered. The results of this paper can serve as a reference for future study on wave propagation in coupled structures as well as in the design of smart structures incorporating piezoelectric materials.     

基于等效单元概念的梁结构损伤定位方法

研究目的是为梁结构提供一种基于等效单元概念的新损伤定位方法. 区分刚度损伤和质量损伤两种情况, 分别对连续梁和简支梁给出了具体的损伤定位方法. 利 用的具体指标是支座反力和跨中位移. 文中的新方法都可以得到以小区间表示的损伤位置结 果, 有效性得到了数值模拟算例和模型实验的验证.     

考虑材料拉压异性的固支圆板塑性极统一解

本文采用最新的统一强度理论求出了固支圆板的塑性极限荷载,内力场及速度的统一解;得出了强度理论参数b及材料的不同拉压比α对塑性极限的影响曲线,所给出的解可以灵活地适用于各种不同特性的材料及机械、土木、航空等工程的相关结构中,文献中已有的Tresca解,Mises解和双剪统一屈服准则解均为本文的特例,本文的统一解还给出了一系列新的结果,统一解大于Tresca,Mohr-Coulomb的单剪理论解,它可以更好地发挥材料的强度潜力,工程应用可以取得明显的经济效益。     

On the dissipative zone in anisotropic damage models for concrete

This paper presents a three-dimensional model to simulate the behavior of plain concrete structures that are predominantly tensile loaded. This model, based on continuum damage mechanics, uses a symmetric second-order tensor as the damage variable, which permits the simulation of orthotropic degradation. The validity of the first and the second law of thermodynamics, as well as the validity of the principle of maximum dissipation rate, are required. That is attained by defining the loading functions in quantities that are thermodynamically conjugated to the damage variables. Furthermore, the evolution rule is derived by maximizing the energy dissipation rate. This formulation is regularized by means of the fracture energy approach by introducing a characteristic length. The basic and new idea in this paper is that the characteristic length should always coincide with the width of the dissipative zone appearing in the simulation. The integration points with increasing damage in one loading increment are the dissipative zone in this loading increment. The main objective of this paper is the convenient formulation of approaches for the characteristic length in order to attain the coincidence of the characteristic length with the width of the dissipative zone appearing in the simulation. It is shown that simulations are objective and yield good results if the requirement is fulfilled that the characteristic length in the constitutive law coincides with the width of the dissipative zone in the simulation.