基于简单WENO-RKDG的溃坝问题数值模拟

对溃坝问题水流间断面的高精度、高分辨率数值模拟是水动力学的重要内容。简单加权本质无振荡(WENO)限制器由"问题单元"及其相邻单元的解重构"问题单元"的解,从而抑制数值解的非物理振荡,能够很好地模拟间断问题。本文详细介绍了简单WENO限制器的基本原理和过程。将简单WENO限制器-Runge-Kutta间断Galerkin方法应用于二维浅水控制方程的求解中,对二维矩形明渠中大坝瞬间全溃、局部溃塌所致的水流运动进行了数值模拟,并将数值计算结果与理论分析进行了比较。计算结果表明,方法能够清晰地捕捉到溃坝全过程中的间断,没有非物理的振荡现象发生,简单WENO限制器-RKDG方法能够很好地模拟溃坝波的演进过程。     

二维溃坝绕流的WENO格式数值模拟

WENO(Weighted essentially non-oscillatory scheme)格式是一类新的高精度无振荡差分格式.本文将WENO格式和Runge-Kutta时间离散的思想应用于二维浅水方程组的求解,数值模拟矩形河道中大坝瞬间局部溃倒,下游有障碍物的洪水演进过程,并对模拟结果进行了分析,表明采用WENO格式所建立的高分辨率模型能够有效地模拟溃坝波的演进过程.     

有限谱ENO格式在爆轰波数值模拟中的应用

使用有限谱ENO(EssentiallyNon Oscillatory)格式 ,采用V .P .Korobeinikov二步化学反应模型 ,对稀释的化学当量的氢气和氧气混合物中非定常自维持爆轰波进行了二维数值模拟 ,研究了波的产生和演化机理 ,分析了爆轰波的三波结构和传播过程。计算得到的爆轰波参数和结构与以前的计算和实验结果一致。研究表明 :有限谱ENO格式可以成功地模拟非定常自维持爆轰波。     

用CE/SE法对弯曲与分叉河道的溃坝洪水波的数值研究

对作者的二维溃坝洪水波的数学模型进一步推广,得到了一般形式的基于任意四边形网格的时空守恒元和解元方法(简称CE/SE法)的新的格式.CE/SE法从守恒积分型浅水方程出发,设立守恒元和解元,严格保证其物理意义上的守恒律,并且构造思想简单,格式通用性好.首先采用CE/SE法计算等宽矩形河道的溃坝洪水波,并与Stoker解析解进行比较,在此基础上,数值模拟了180度强弯曲河道、45度三支分叉河道的二维溃坝洪水波的演进过程,揭示了溃坝洪水波在弯曲河道中内外两岸速度与水位的变化,在分叉河道中自动进行流量与动量的再分配,在分叉点处形成旋涡,水位变化剧烈等复杂的运动特征,算例结果表明基于任意四边形网格的CE/SE法精度高,稳定性好,该格式对各种不规则几何区域内的溃坝问题具有较强的适应性,对溃坝洪水波的间断具有较高的分辨率.     

一种三阶有限体积法及其在欠膨胀射流激波结构数值模拟中的应用

以喷管出口欠膨胀射流为研究对象，在Lagrange坐标系下建立欠膨胀射流二维积分形式的流动方程。通过在单元交接面处进行三阶ENO(essentially nonoscillatory)格式插值，构造得到一种适用于求解该方程的三阶ENO有限体积法。采用该格式对一维Sod激波管算例和喷管出口欠膨胀射流进行数值计算。计算结果表明，该方法具有高精度、基本无振荡的特点，能很好地捕捉包含激波、滑移线以及三波交点等复杂流场波系结构。计算得到的波系结构中马赫盘的位置与实验结果吻合很好，相对误差小于1.1%。     

有限谱ENO格式及其应用

首先对王健平提出的有限谱法^[1-3]做了进一步的理论研究，发现了一些新的有限谱法的插值基函数组，并互将有限谱法应用在ENO格式中，构造了有限谱ENO计算格式，然后通过对一维Euler方程的几个经典的模型问题和二维湍流与弱激波相互作用问题的数值计算，并且与理论解或准精确解进行比较分析，从而表明了此格式对于激波和其他间断具有较高的分辨率，在激波附近基本上没有明显的数值振荡，而且对于流场中的细致结构也具有相当高的精度。     

基于GPU加速的三阶有限体积格式管道瞬变流求解模型

为高效和高精度求解长距离输水系统瞬变流变化过程,应用三阶ENO有限体积格式求解一维管道非恒定流方程组,基于Lax-Friedrichs通量裂分法重构界面通量,上下游界面采用虚拟网格技术并结合交叉管网边界条件建立了一套高效和高精度求解管道瞬变流水锤波的数值模型。引入GPU加速技术,实现对大型输水系统的高效计算。通过特征线法、一阶及二阶Godunov有限体积格式对模型进行验证,结果表明,三阶ENO格式在极低的Courant数时也能保持较好的间断捕捉性能且无非物理振荡。同时,对Courant数的高度不敏感性,使得模型划分网格时具有高度的灵活性并能显著提高计算速度。应用GPU加速技术,发现模型在较多网格数时有明显的加速效果,且加速效果随网格数增多而显著。本文模型可为长距离输水系统非恒定瞬变过程的高效精准快速模拟预测提供理论支撑。     

加权基本无振荡格式研究进展

加权型基本无振荡WENO格式是近十年发展起来的一类高阶、高精度格式，它是在ENO格式的基础上采用加权思想构造的，对流场内的间断和细致结构具有较高的分辨率，适于求解包含激波、膨胀波以及接触间断等复杂结构的流场，目前已发展成为计算流体力学中一种重要的方法。本文针对加权型基本无振荡格式近年来的进展作一简要介绍。     

一个基于非均匀网格上的二阶基本无振荡差分格式

在基本无振荡格式的构造中，将通常的对流通量$f$的逼近方式推广到对通量导数的逼近，这一构造方法可以有效地应用到非均匀或非结构网格. 直接基于非均匀网格上，构造了一个二阶的基本无振荡(ENO)差分格式. 该格式具有形式简单，对网格的划分灵活，与传统格式相比不增加计算量等优点. 几个数值算例证明了格式的有效性.     

一个基于非均匀网格上的二阶基本振荡差分格式

在基本无振荡格式的构造中，将通常的对流通量f的逼近方式推广到对通量导数的逼近，这一构造方法可以有效地应用到非均匀或非结构网格。直接基于非均匀网格上，构造了一个二阶的基本无振荡（ENO）差分格式，该格式具有形式简单，对网格的划分灵活，对传统格式相比不增加计算量等优点，几个数值算例证明了格式的有效性。     

HIGH-RESOLUTION NUMERICAL MODEL FOR SHALLOW WATER FLOWS AND POLLUTANT DIFFUSIONS

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Flux difference splitting for open-channel flows

A finite difference scheme based on flux difference splitting is presented for the solution of the one-dimensional shallow-water equations in open channels, together with an extension to two-dimensional flows. A linearized problem, analogous to that of Riemann for gas dynamics, is defined and a scheme, based on numerical characteristic decomposition, is presented for obtaining approximate solutions to the linearized problem. The method of upwind differencing is used for the resulting scalar problems, together with a flux limiter for obtaining a second-order scheme which avoids non-physical, spurious oscillations. The scheme is applied to a one-dimensional dam-break problem, and to a problem of flow in a river whose geometry induces a region of supercritical flow. The scheme is also applied to a two-dimensional dam-break problem. The numerical results are compared with the exact solution, or other numerical results, where available.     

An image processing technique for measuring free surface of dam-break flows

This paper describes an imaging method for measuring water surface in rapidly varying flows based on light absorption. After preliminary spatially distributed calibration, the water depth field is obtained by processing the images of the free surface captured by a digital camera looking downstream at a back-lighted device. The water body is coloured so that it acts as a variable-density filter. This method was used to detect the topography of water surface in a series of laboratory dam-break tests. Its validity was assessed by locally comparing the water depth time series derived from images with the ones returned by six ultrasonic distance metres. The experimental results obtained starting from two different image formats show that the accuracy of this technique is comparable to that of conventional ultrasonic transducers. Therefore, the method can be considered as an effective tool for collecting high-resolution spatial distributed experimental data useful to validate numerical models.     

Solution of shallow-water equations using least-squares finite-element method

A least-squares finite-element method （LSFEM） for the non-conservative shallow-water equations is presented. The model is capable of handling complex topography, steady and unsteady flows, subcritical and supercritical flows, and flows with smooth and sharp gradient changes. Advantages of the model include： （1） sources terms, such as the bottom slope, surface stresses and bed frictions, can be treated easily without any special treatment; （2） upwind scheme is no needed; （3） a single approximating space can be used for all variables, and its choice of approximating space is not subject to the Ladyzhenskaya-Babuska-Brezzi （LBB） condition; and （4） the resulting system of equations is symmetric and positive-definite （SPD） which can be solved efficiently with the preconditioned conjugate gradient method. The model is verified with flow over a bump, tide induced flow, and dam-break. Computed results are compared with analytic solutions or other numerical results, and show the model is conservative and accurate. The model is then used to simulate flow past a circular cylinder. Important flow charac-teristics, such as variation of water surface around the cylinder and vortex shedding behind the cylinder are investigated. Computed results compare well with experiment data and other numerical results.     

采用NND方法计算三维喷管气流场

本文运用NND显式差分格式，计算了三维喷管气流场。气流场计算的基本方程为一般贴体坐标系下三维守恒型的欧拉方程。采用了时间分裂法和Steger-Warming矢通量分裂技术。在喷管内沿周向的每个由轴线和壁面构成的子午面上根据泊松方程生成贴体网格。本文运用三维程序计算了轴对称JPL喷管，同时与实验结果和前人采用轴对称二维程序所计算的结果做了对比。最后，本文还计算了三维矢量喷管，计算结果与现有的实验结果一致。通过轴对称JPL喷管和三维矢量喷管的计算考核，表明建立的算法和编写的计算程序是正确的。文中提出了采用子午面形式的贴体网格时奇性轴的处理方法。计算结果表明在喷管壁面处，马赫数与压强的计算结果与实验值吻合较好，而在喷管轴线处，只有当网格较密时，才能得出与实验结果接近的计算结果。     

Block-based adaptive mesh refinement scheme using numerical density of entropy production for three-dimensional two-fluid flows

In this work, we present a fast and parallel finite volume scheme on unstructured meshes applied to complex fluid flow. The mathematical model is based on a three-dimensional compressible low Mach two-phase flows model, combined with a linearised ‘artificial pressure’ law. This hyperbolic system of conservation laws allows an explicit scheme, improved by a block-based adaptive mesh refinement scheme. Following a previous one-dimensional work, the useful numerical density of entropy production is used as mesh refinement criterion. Moreover, the computational time is preserved using a local time-stepping method. Finally, we show through several test cases the efficiency of the present scheme on two- and three-dimensional dam-break problems over an obstacle.     

Third-order modified coefficient scheme based on essentially non-oscillatory scheme

A third-order numerical scheme is presented to give approximate solutions to multi-dimensional hyperbolic conservation laws only using modified coefficients of an essentially non-oscillatory （MCENO） scheme without increasing the base points during construction of the scheme. The construction process shows that the modified coefficient approach preserves favourable properties inherent in the original essentially nonoscillatory （ENO） scheme for its essential non-oscillation, total variation bounded （TVB）, etc. The new scheme improves accuracy by one order compared to the original one. The proposed MCENO scheme is applied to simulate two-dimensional Rayleigh-Taylor （RT） instability with densities 1：3 and 1：100, and solve the Lax shock-wave tube numerically. The ratio of CPU time used to implement MCENO, the .third-order ENO and fifth-order weighed ENO （WENO） schemes is 0.62：1：2.19. This indicates that MCENO improves accuracy in smooth regions and has higher accuracy and better efficiency compared to the original ENO scheme.     

带有障碍物溃坝流动问题的有限元数值模拟研究

针对下游带有障碍物的溃坝流动问题,本文基于两相流动模型,在有限元算法框架下对其进行数值模拟研究。依据水平集(Level Set)方法追踪运动界面,并引入了一个简单的修正技术,保证较好的质量守恒性。为了精确表示运动界面,采用稳定和有效的间断有限元方法求解双曲型Level Set及其重新初始化方程。对于两相统一Navier-Stokes方程,首先利用分裂格式对其解耦,然后通过SUPG (Streamline Upwind Petrov Galerkin)方法进行数值求解。模拟研究了下游带有障碍物的牛顿流体溃坝流动问题,得到的数值结果与文献已有模拟结果及实验结果均吻合较好。此外,还考虑了幂律型非牛顿流体,并分析了不同特性非牛顿流体对于溃坝流动过程和界面形态等的影响。