新型立式动平衡机的设计与分析

在分析传统的双面立式动平衡机的振动结构的基础上，设计了一种新的立式动平衡机的振动结构(即摆架)，采用新摆架结构的动平衡机可以实现静不平衡和偶不平衡的有效分离。文中详细分析了新摆架结构的特点，并在ANSYS7．0平台上对摆架进行了有限元模态分析和谐响应分析。由于新的摆架结构采用多块簧板，在多个部位刚度匹配，且采用多个传感器安装于测量点处，这样新的动平衡机可以直接测量静不平衡和偶不平衡，且相互影响极小。实践证明：采用新摆架结构的动平衡机特别适合于飞行物体的惯性测量，且克服了传统的双面立式动平衡机长期以来平面分离不佳的缺点，具有很高的推广价值。     

The identification of the vibration control system parameters designed for continuous miner machines

The Continuous Miner machines are exposed to time dependent loads during normal operation of the rock cutting process. These loads cause vibrations, which have a negative influence on the whole structure of the machine. This phenomenon can be eliminated by applying passive or active vibration control systems (VCS). Generally these systems are coupled with additional elements, which provide dispersion or transfer energy. The energy thus acquired can also reinforce the intended function such as rock cutting operation in the case of mining machines. The objective of this paper is to present the method of numerical identification of VCS parameters for Continuous Miner machines. The main function of the presented system is to reduce displacement of cutting drum by using elastic element joined to machine chassis and applying appropriate algorithm of control of the angular velocity of cutting drum. The method described improves efficiency of mining and increases durability of machine. In order to determine mechanical and control parameters of VCS the genetic algorithm optimisation method conjugated with numerical modal analysis was used. Finally the transient dynamic analysis was performed for the full-scale model of Continuous Miner in order to verify VCS in normal working condition.     

考虑人体耦合作用的结构竖向隔振研究

结构在环境振动或地震作用下的竖向振动不容忽略,有必要采取竖向隔振装置进行减振控制。考虑人体与结构耦合作用后不仅使隔振动力模型更加真实,还可以直接获得人体的动力响应。采用碟形弹簧支座对结构进行基础竖向隔振,并根据国际标准ISO5982规定的不同姿势下的人体动力模型,建立了考虑具有非经典阻尼的人与隔振结构耦合运动方程,利用复模态分析实现了方程的解耦,通过算例分析了竖向隔振以及人体作用对结构响应的影响。结果表明:对于一般的质量和刚度分布均匀的结构,人体对结构具有微弱的减振作用。碟形弹簧支座可以显著地降低结构的竖向振动并改善居住舒适度。     

CAE技术在井架设计中的应用

应用GAE技术，针对ZJ30／1700CZ钻机井架分别进行了静态分析及在自然状态和有钩载情况下的模态分析，为合理设计钻机井架结构提供了理论依据。通过分析计算，可以看出：所设计的井架的静态强度满足要求；经动力再设计后的井架固有频率与钻机的设计工作转速相差较大，达到工程要求，表明修改后的井架设计方案合理。     

按叠加于静态悬垂位形上小变形理论分析索的微幅振动

采用叠加于初应力位形上小变形问题的理论框架,分析叠加于索的静态悬垂位形上的微幅振动;给出了附加于静态位形上微幅振动的微分方程。在小拉伸柔度和附加于静态悬垂位形上的变形为微小变形的条件下,利用解析方法得出了悬垂面外与面内的微幅振动无耦合、悬垂面内竖向振动和水平振动可以解耦算出的结论。算例将微分方程的数值解法与ABAQUS有限元算法的计算结果进行了比较,误差小于4％,且前种算法得到的计算结果随时间衰减较快,计算精度和效率较高。     

张拉整体结构的动力学等效建模与实验验证

为了实现张拉整体结构高效动力学计算, 并考虑其大范围运动中柔性杆局部动态屈曲, 提出了一种受压细长杆动力学降阶模型, 采用五节点弹/扭簧集中质量离散模型等效连续杆的静力学和动力学特性. 首先, 通过静力学等效分析推导了弹簧拉压刚度和扭簧弯曲刚度表达式, 可准确预测杆件受压屈曲和近似预测其后屈曲行为. 第二, 通过动能等效分析推导了集中质量表达式, 可准确预测杆在线速度场下的运动. 第三, 通过弯曲振动固有模态等效分析确定弯曲刚度和节点质量的分布参数, 合适的分布参数取值组合可将降阶模型前两阶固有频率相对误差均降低至1%以内. 第四, 在全局坐标系下建立张拉整体结构瞬态动力学方程, 并利用静力凝聚法实现方程高效迭代求解. 最后, 分别对球形张拉整体结构准静态压缩、模态分析和碰撞动力学进行仿真和实验对比分析, 证明了提出的动力学降阶模型可有效预测张拉整体结构的静力学行为、固有振动特性及瞬态动力学响应, 并分析了结构参数变化对其力学特性的影响规律. 本文提出的动力学等效建模与计算方法, 可望用于软着陆行星探测器、大型可展开空间结构及点阵材料等复杂张拉整体系统的动力学分析与控制.      

模态分析和有限元法结合识别机械结构结合面动力学参数的研究

本文探讨了一种将实验模态分析和有限元法相结合，识别机械结构结合面动力学参数的新方法，以解决大型复杂机装拆不例，难于用实验方法识别部件间结合面动力学参数的问题。用些方法识别了一台遥臂钻床的接触度和接触阻尼。     

航天器与运载火箭耦合分析相关技术研究进展

本文以载荷分析为主要内容, 概述航天飞行器结构动力学研究的一些进展. 首先介绍航箭(航天器/运载火箭简称为航箭) 耦合系统载荷分析基本思想. 然后介绍以下3 个方面的载荷分析方法: (1) 采用基础激励理论初始载荷分析的近似方法; (2) 考虑航箭耦合影响的航天器/运载耦合系统分支模态综合法. 导出采用约束模态质量界面加速度的航天器载荷计算方法; 当仅考虑静定约束特殊情况时, 退化的方程与Chen 采用有限元法导出的方程相同. 给出新航天器载荷瞬态分析技术, 即一个以前的航天器/运载耦合系统载荷结果可以用来获得相同运载火箭发射一个新航天器结构的必要的载荷信息. (3) 考虑航箭耦合影响的航天器/运载耦合系统模态综合法. 包括: 固定界面模态综合法, 以及航天器/运载耦合的界面综合动态响应计算新方法. 最后, 介绍验证载荷分析技术. 简要讨论验证技术的重要性, 提出了采用试验与理论相结合的结构动态试验仿真技术,该方法包括了一套修正数学模型的新技术, 称之为子结构试验建模综合技术. 该方法已应用于复杂的结构建模. 在进行CZ-2E 运载火箭实尺模态试验之前, 用建议的模态试验仿真技术给出CZ-2E 模态参数的预示结果, 并与随后获得的实际模态试验结果相比, 两个结果彼此之间高度一致. 这个结果证明了模态试验仿真技术已成功地预示了CZ-2E 运载火箭的模态参数, 验证了建议的模态试验仿真技术的可靠性. 讨论了振动台振动试验仿真技术. 介绍了振动台振动试验仿真的几个关键技术. 包括: 有限元模型修正技术, 40 t 振动台系统台面控制仿真方法和D 卫星振动台振动试验仿真.      

Research on coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical dynamic response characteristics of saturated porous deep-sea sediments under vibration of mining vehicle

The excessive deformation of deep-sea sediments caused by the vibration of the mining machine will adversely affect the efficiency and safety of mining. Combined with the deep-sea environment, the coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical problem for saturated porous deep-sea sediments subject to the vibration of the mining vehicle is investigated. Based on the Green-Lindsay(G-L) generalized thermoelastic theory and Darcy's law, the model of thermo-hydro-mechanical dynamic responses for saturated porous deep-sea sediments under the vibration of the mining vehicle is established. We obtain the analytical solutions of non-dimensional vertical displacement, excess pore water pressure, vertical stress, temperature, and change in the volume fraction field with the normal mode analysis method, and depict them graphically. The normal mode analysis method uses the canonical coordinate transformation to solve the equation, which can quickly decouple the equation by ignoring the modal coupling effect on the basis of the canonical mode. The results indicate that the vibration frequency has obvious influence on the vertical displacement, excess pore water pressure, vertical stress, and change in volume fraction field. The loading amplitude has a great effect on the physical quantities in the foundation, and the changes of the physical quantities increase with the increase in loading amplitude.     

Seismic Evaluation of Multi-Storey RC Frame Using Modal Pushover Analysis

The recently developed pushover analysis procedure has led a new dimension to performance-based design in structural engineering practices. With the increase in the magnitude of monotonic loading, weak links and failure modes in the multi-storey RC frames are usually formed. The force distribution and storey displacements are evaluated using static pushover analysis based on the assumption that the response is controlled by fundamental mode and no mode shift takes place. Himalayan-Nagalushai region, Indo-Gangetic plain, Western India, Kutch and Kathiawar regions are geologically unstable parts of India and some devastating earthquakes of remarkable intensity have occurred here. In view of the intensive construction activity in India, where even a medium intensity tremor can cause a calamity, the authors feel that a completely up-to-date, versatile method of aseismic analysis and design of structures are essential. A detailed dynamic analysis of a 10-storey RC frame building is therefore performed using response spectrum method based on Indian Standard Codal Provisions and base shear, storey shear and storey drifts are computed. A modal pushover analysis (MPA) is also carried out to determine the structural response of the same model for the same acceleration spectra used in the earlier case. The major focus of study is to bring out the superiority of pushover analysis method over the conventional dynamic analysis method recommended by the code. The results obtained from the numerical studies show that the response spectrum method underestimates the response of the model in comparison with modal pushover analysis. It is also seen that modal participation of higher modes contributes to better results of the response distribution along the height of the building. Also pushover curves are plotted to illustrate the displacement as a function of base shear.     

求解转子系统突加不平衡响应方法的研究

本文提出并研究了用传递函数分析法求转子系统的突加不平衡响应,讨论了求这一响应的最佳数值积分方法。用本文提出的理论解方法及三种常用的数值积分法:尤拉后差法,纽马克法,及呼伯特法,对一模型转子算例进行了分析计算,结果表明;尤拉后差法最适用于求转子系统的突加不平衡响应。本文提出的传递函数分析法,可以和试验模态分析方法相结合,以求解复杂转子系统的突加不平衡响应。     

模态分析与动态子结构方法新进展

综述在模态分析与动态子结构方法研究的一些最新进展.首先回顾经典的位移展开定理和模态叠加原理.为了加速经典方法的收敛速度、提高计算效率, 进一步介绍两个新的结构位移展开定理(采用固定界面模态的位移展开新定理, 给出采用低阶固定界面模态的高精度位移展开式;采用混合模态的位移展开新定理, 给出采用低阶混合模态表示的高精度位移展开式)和相应的动力学新解法.相应上述3个位移展开定理, 介绍采用解析推导的方法构造出3类动态精确子结构方法, 各种子结构模态综合法实质上都是它们的某种近似与变化形式, 从而形成系统的动态子结构分析技术.上述介绍的模态分析与动态子结构方法新进展与经典模态分析技术一起形成结构动力学分析技术的系统理论.      

转子在线自动平衡及其工程应用研究的进展

转子在线自动平衡技术可以在旋转机械运行期间调整其不平衡量来及时降低振动, 使其始终稳定运行.早期的自动平衡装置始于19世纪末, 包括液体型、环型、球型和摆锤型;20世纪60年代开始研究的自动平衡装置主要包括喷涂型、电腐蚀型、电子光束型、激光型和电化学型;20世纪后期研究的自动平衡装置主要包括电动机型和遥控型;现代的自动平衡装置主要包括液压型、电磁型和电磁轴承型.综述了国内外各种旋转机械在线自动平衡装置的结构和工作原理, 重点介绍了液压型和电磁型自动平衡装置的结构和控制原理.讨论了在线自动平衡技术最新的研究成果, 列举了在线自动平衡技术的工程应用实例, 介绍了应用电磁型自动平衡装置解决柔性弯曲转子和立式超重力机转子振动的试验.转子在线自动平衡技术已经大量应用到机械加工设备, 如磨床等, 显著提高了加工精度;有些还应用于流程工业中大型的旋转机械上, 如汽轮机、风机和压缩机等, 取得了巨大的经济效益.高可靠性的平衡执行机构和高效的控制策略等关键问题尚未完全解决.      

Theoretical rotor dynamic analysis of two-pole induction motors regarding excitation due to static rotor eccentricity

The paper shows a theoretical rotor dynamic analysis of two-pole induction motors regarding excitation due to static rotor eccentricity, which causes an oscillating magnetic force in the air gap of the machine. The hereby caused rotor vibrations are mathematically described, showing the orbit movements of the rotor centre, the shaft journals and the bearing housings. The influence of the rotor speed as well as influence of the direction of the magnetic force on the vibration behavior is investigated, based on a numerical example. On the one hand the aim of the paper is to derive the mathematical coherences—based on a simplified rotor dynamic model—between rotor dynamics, electromagnetic and the oil film characteristics of the sleeve bearings for two-pole induction machines, considering electromagnetic excitation due to a static rotor eccentricity. On the other hand the aim is to derive a method for calculating the maximum height of the shaft vibrations—as a worst case—caused by a static rotor eccentricity. Therefore the paper shall prepare the basis for implementing this method into more detailed numerical programs, e.g., finite element programs.     

Identification of inertia properties from the results of output-only modal analysis

Accurate knowledge of the rigid body properties of a structure including the mass, the location of mass center and the moments of inertia is important in machine design, vibration analysis, optimization and modeling of mechanical systems. However, estimation of these properties through theoretical methods is difficult when the structure has a complicated shape. In practice, the inertia properties can be estimated using the conventional modal testing methods by extracting the rigid body modes when the structure is tested in free-free boundary condition. However, all the rigid body modes are not always detectable, due to this fact that the structure is not excited at all degrees of freedom. In order to obtain all of the rigid body modes, many activities have been conducted for selecting the type and location of excitation without much success. In operational modal analysis (OMA), the structure can be excited at any arbitrary point and in different directions. In this paper, a new approach is introduced for estimation of the inertia properties from OMA. The data from OMA are adequate to extract all the rigid body modes of structure. A modal method is used for estimating the inertia properties from the rigid body modes extracted from OMA. The suggested approach is applied to a numerical model of a two-dimensional steel beam as well as a numerical model of a 3D frame and the accuracy of results is evaluated. It is shown that OMA can provide enough data to extract the inertia properties. A real beam is also tested in order to evaluate the performance of the method in practice, needless of a complicated procedure as for conventional methods.     

Elastodynamic behavior of balanced closed-loop mechanisms: numerical analysis of a four-bar linkage

This paper investigates the influence of two common techniques of static balancing on the dynamic performance of closed-chain linkages, by taking into account the flexibility of the mechanism components. The long-term goal of the research consists in enhancing the operation of parallel spatial robots by means of optimal balancing strategies. This contribution is primarily meant to provide the analysis method of the research and, for this purpose, it focuses on the planar four-bar linkage, intended as the simplest example of closed-chain mechanism. Firstly an original approach for the static balancing of planar linkages by means of constant-force generators is proposed. The implemented formulation, which permits to compute the balancing parameters of both counterweights and/or springs, is adopted for deriving a mass balanced and an elastically compensated variant of the studied four-bar linkage, respectively. Then the operation of the unbalanced linkage and its two balanced variants is numerically studied. The natural frequencies and mode shapes of these mechanisms are estimated by modal analysis, whereas the dynamic performance at different operating regimes is assessed by kineto-elastodynamic investigation and finally discussed.     

竖向动载荷作用下平面框架结构水平动力响应分析

固定旋转机械引起的结构振动及其减、隔振控制是设备减、隔振领域一个十分重要的研究课题.以往的研究主要关注结构的竖向振动,而结构水平向振动往往被忽略.论文以设置有固定旋转设备的单层框架结构为例,分析了结构水平和竖向动位移幅值与结构固有频率、设备安装位置及设备运转频率之间的关系.研究结果表明,在特定条件下,结构水平向振动响应可能大于竖向振动响应,这一现象在设计时应引起足够的重视.     

洗衣机悬挂系统动态特性的实验研究

悬挂系统是全自动洗衣机最重要的部件之一,其动态特性直接影响整机的工作平稳性或鲁棒性。本文通过压电式加速度计拾取脱水工况下滚筒式洗衣机外筒上各测点的响应信号,运用DASP（Data Acquisition ＆ Signal Processing）信号采集分析处理系统,分别采用频域自互谱法和时域随机子空间法对其进行模态参数识别。结果表明,工作状态振动实验足以识别出该型号洗衣机所感兴趣的模态参数;其结果可以作为有限元模型修正的参考依据。     

An image encryption algorithm based on compound homogeneous hyper-chaotic system

A new dynamic model of a rotating flexible beam with a concentrated mass located in arbitrary position is derived based on the absolute nodal coordinate formulation, and its modal characteristics are investigated in this paper. To consider the concentrated mass at an arbitrary location of the beam, a Dirac’s delta function is used to express the mass per unit length of the beam. Based on the proposed dynamic model, the frequency analysis is performed. The nonlinear equation is transformed into the linear one via employing the linear perturbation analysis method. The stiffness matrix of static equilibrium of the system under the deformed condition is obtained, in which the effect of coupling between the longitudinal deformation and transversal deformation is included. This means even if only the chordwise bending equation is solved, the longitudinal vibration effect can be still considered. As we know, once the longitudinal deformation is large, it will significantly affect the chordwise bending vibration. So the proposed model in this paper is more accurate than the traditional dynamic models which are usually lack of the coupling terms between the longitudinal deformation and transversal deformation. In fact, the traditional dynamic models for the chordwise vibration analysis in the existing literature are usually linear due to neglecting the coupling terms, and consequently, they are only suitable for the modal characteristic analysis of a beam under small deformations. In order to get some general conclusions of the natural frequencies and mode shapes, the equation which governs the chordwise bending vibration of the rotating beam is transformed into a dimensionless form. The dynamic model presented in this paper is nonlinear and can be conveniently used to analyze the modal characteristics of a rotating flexible beam with large deformations. To demonstrate the power of the new dynamic model presented in this paper, the dynamic simulations involving the comparisons between the different frequencies obtained using the model proposed in this paper and the models in the existing literature and the investigating in frequency veering and mode shift phenomena are given. The simulation results show that the angular velocity of the flexible beam will give rise to the phenomena of the natural frequency loci veering and the associated mode shift which is verified in the previous studies. In addition, the phenomena of the natural frequency loci veering rather than crossing can be observed due to the changing of the magnitude of the concentrated mass or of the location of the concentrated mass which are found for the first time. Furthermore, there is an interesting phenomenon that the natural frequency loci will veer more than once due to different types of mode coupling between the bending and stretching vibrations of the rotating beam. At the same time, the mode shift phenomenon will occur correspondingly. Additionally, the characteristics of the vibration nodes are also investigated in this paper.     

深井提升动力学研究

随着浅部煤炭资源的日益枯竭, 我国煤炭开采朝着深部化和大型化方向发展, 新建和改扩建的大型立井年生产能力已达1000万吨, 开采最大深度已达1500 m. 千米深井在提升过程中, 造成提升钢丝绳、容器振荡, 特别是自由悬挂平衡尾绳大幅度摆动, 严重影响多绳摩擦提升系统向高速度、深度化发展. 在国家重点研发计划“深地资源勘查开采”重点专项“煤矿深井建设与提升基础理论及关键技术”支持下, 建立了单元数量自动调整的自由悬挂平衡尾绳提升系统动力学模型, 揭示了传统提升系统诱发平衡尾绳大摆动的机理; 提出了深井SAP提升新模式, 构建了多元耦合下的SAP提升系统动力学模型与非光滑动力学模型, 揭示了多参数影响下系统的非光滑动力学特性及非线性振动演化规律; 研发了适用于深部提升的SAP提升技术与装备, 开展了SAP提升技术与装备的现场研究, 解决了大强煤矿立井提升系统运行过程中尾绳大摆动、提升容器大振动等关键问题, 提高了提升系统高速运行的安全性, 消除了尾绳大摆动难控制的问题.