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1.
通过建立含球形空洞的单胞,采用3D晶体有限元研究了空洞在FCC单晶及晶界的长大行为,分析了晶体取向及变形失配对空洞长大和聚合的影响.研究结果表明:空洞的形状和长大速度与晶体取向密切相关;由于晶粒间的变形失配加速了晶界上空洞的长大趋势,使得晶界上空洞的长大速度大于单晶中空洞的长大速度,且随着晶粒间取向因子差异的增加,空洞越易沿着晶界长大.  相似文献   

2.
通过建立样品厚度为飞片厚度2倍的铝板撞击有限元模型,采用Johnson-Cook本构方程研究了纯铝材料中不同深度空洞的演化过程.研究结果表明:微空洞从杂质周围形核并呈近球形长大;由于靶板不同深度拉伸应力的峰值以及加载持续时间不同,空洞的长大速率与其在靶板的位置有关;由于冲击过程中没有形成三向拉应力,材料表面的空洞长大速度为零;靶板中间层位置首先出现拉伸应力,最先开始长大,靶板中间层位置的三向拉应力最大且作用时间较长,空洞长大速度最快;从靶板中间往两表面的方向,空洞依次开始长大,长大速度逐渐减小;模拟结果与实验观察结果相符,为研究动态冲击下空洞的演化提供参考.  相似文献   

3.
本文采用基于近场动力学框架的位错动力学叠加模型对FCC单晶在四种不同取向下的I型弹塑性开裂行为进行模拟研究.在模型中,无需预设裂纹扩展路径和内聚力区域,裂纹扩展路径由位错与裂纹的相互作用自动确定.数值计算了FCC单晶体在不同取向时的位错分布演化和裂纹扩展路径.分析表明取向会影响韧性和断裂行为,并证实了单晶体的单轴拉伸开裂行为遵循施密特因子关系,即位错更倾向于在施密特因子大的滑移面上形核并滑移.计算得到位错裂纹演化结果显示,不同取向时位错在滑移系上的分布和演化行为会导致不同晶体断裂模式.  相似文献   

4.
晶粒的取向和变形性质对双晶体循环变形影响的模拟研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
应用晶体细观力学方法,分析了双晶体循环变形过程中组元晶粒取向及其变形性质(Bauschinger效应和循环硬化)的影响,发现双晶体的反向屈服及循环硬化行为为主要由组元晶粒性质支配,晶间内应力的影响是次要的,晶粒取向对宏微观应力应变行为有重要的影响,取向对称性较弱或罗硬差别较大的双晶体晶界影响较大。  相似文献   

5.
微孔洞演化包括孔洞成核、生长和聚合三个阶段,是影响金属材料韧性断裂的重要因素.为了分析P91马氏体耐热钢中的塑性滑移对微观孔洞扩展的影响,论文提出了一种基于晶体塑性有限元的微观力学计算模型,量化了应力三轴度、洛德参数和晶体取向对微孔洞演化行为的影响.结果表明,在相对较高应力三轴度条件下,随着应力三轴度的增大,含孔洞马氏体块的等效应力-应变响应呈现出快速软化的特征,同时孔洞体积分数随着等效应变的增加而快速增加.对于给定的应力三轴度,胞元的聚合应变在[111]取向时最小,在[110]取向时最大.孔洞聚合开始时,低应力三轴度下孔洞形状趋向于椭球状,而较高应力三轴度时孔洞横向略鼓.在一定的应力三轴度和洛德参数范围内,在孔洞聚合和孔洞坍塌两种胞元失效状态之间存在着一个条带状过渡状态,在[100]晶体取向时,当洛德参数L=-1时条带最宽.论文揭示了P91马氏体耐热钢中微孔洞演化的基本机制,分析了晶体取向、应力三轴度和洛德参数对微孔洞演化的影响.这些发现为P91马氏体耐热钢的韧性损伤模型的进一步发展提供了微观理论基础.  相似文献   

6.
采用建立在晶体塑性理论基础上的晶体塑性有限变形计算方法,针对铜单晶试样单轴拉伸过程中晶体滑移在试样表面留下的滑移带痕迹进行了数值研究.作者利用三维有限元模拟不同取向铜单晶试样的拉伸变形,通过晶体塑性滑移面与试样表面交线的几何分析,得到了试样在不同晶向拉伸下不同滑移系启动造成的试样表面滑移痕迹,并对数值计算的试样表面滑移...  相似文献   

7.
对延性单晶在拉伸载荷作用下的应变局域化和颈缩等非均匀变形过程进行了三维有限元数值模拟。将相关晶体塑性本构模型及一种新的数值积分方法补充到ABAQUS6.1商用有限元软件中。该方法的特点是,利用晶体塑性的动力学方程,获得一个关于晶体弹性变形梯度的演化方程,采用半隐式积分方案进行求解。本文推导出一种新的应力变本构矩阵。按此方式更新本构矩阵,计算速度和计算稳定性大大提高。加载方式,边界条件和变形程度等因素影响着滑移系的启动状况,这是平面模型所不能预测的。本文利用三维有限元方法模拟了不同取向下滑移系的启动状况,全面地考虑了FCC单晶材料12个可能滑移系在变形过程中的启动状况,合理地模拟了FCC面心立方单晶沿不同取向加载时晶轴旋转导致的应变局域化和颈缩等非均匀变形过程。  相似文献   

8.
增材制造微结构演化及疲劳分散性计算   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了预测增材制造中工艺参数?微结构?力学性能之间的关联规律, 提出了集成离散元、相场模拟、晶体塑性有限元和极值概率理论的计算方法, 揭示了激光扫描速度对微结构演化、屈服应力和疲劳分散性的影响. 首先, 采用离散元实现了重力作用下粉床在已凝固层表面上的逐层铺设; 其次, 通过热?熔体?微结构耦合的非等温相场模拟, 获得了熔体、气孔、晶界、晶粒取向等的时空演化以及最终形成的多晶微结构; 然后, 应用晶体塑性有限元计算了增材制造多晶微结构的宏观力学响应, 并得到表征疲劳裂纹萌生驱动力的疲劳指示参数(FIP); 最后, 采用极值概率理论分析了增材制造多晶微结构的FIP极值分布规律及疲劳分散性. 以316L不锈钢选区激光熔化增材制造为例的计算结果表明: 增材制造微结构的宏观屈服强度随激光扫描速度的增加而降低, 且呈各向异性; FIP极值符合Gumbel极值分布规律, 激光扫描速度增加可降低增材制造微结构疲劳分散性, 但会导致FIP极值升高, 使得疲劳裂纹萌生驱动力增加, 疲劳寿命降低.   相似文献   

9.
晶体取向对单晶体断裂特征影响的模拟分析   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
结合Ni基单晶合金制三种不同晶体取各的紧凑拉伸试样试验,本文利用考虑有限变形和晶格转动效应的晶体滑移有限元程序对单晶体三维裂特征进行了模拟计算分析,详细考察了裂纹尖端三维应力场特征和断裂特征,结果表明:晶体取向对裂纹尖端应力场有较大影响,但应力沿试样厚度方向明显分成两个部分,在试样心部,应力沿厚度方向变化不大,在试样外表面则明显变化,裂纹尖端张开位移(CTOD)沿厚度方向类似分成两个部分,垂直于滑  相似文献   

10.
各向异性双晶和三晶体弹塑性应力场分析   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
用三维弹塑性晶体滑移有限元程序对不同晶体取向的双昌和三晶体在昌界和三晶交点处的应力集中科技司和滑激活规律进行了计算分析。双晶体在计算时考虑取向的影响,计算结果表明,晶界处应力有较大的出现复杂的变化规律,这种规律与晶体取向相关;三晶交点和晶界使得三晶体应力重新分布,三晶交点可能是应力集中之地,但也可能不造成应力集中,这主要与三个晶体取向相关。本文计算表明,只有仔细地研究细观过程,才能准确理解金属材料  相似文献   

11.
本文求解平面应变状态下磁电弹复合材料半平面和刚性导电导磁圆柱压头的二维微动接触问题。假设压头具有良好的导电导磁性,且表面电势和磁势是常数。微动接触依赖载荷的加载历史,所以首先求解单独的法向加载问题,然后在法向加载问题的基础上求解循环变化的切向加载问题。整个接触区可以分为内部的中心粘着区和两个外部的滑移区,其中滑移区满足Coulomb摩擦法则。利用Fourier积分变换,磁电弹半平面的微动接触问题将简化为耦合的Cauchy奇异积分方程组,然后数值离散为线性代数方程组,利用迭代法求解未知的粘着/滑移区尺寸、电荷分布、磁感应强度、法向接触压力和切向接触力。数值算例给出了摩擦系数、总电荷和总磁感应强度对各加载阶段的表面接触应力、电位移和磁感应强度的影响。  相似文献   

12.
Void growth and coalescence in fcc single crystals were studied using crystal plasticity under uniaxial and biaxial loading conditions and various orientations of the crystalline lattice. A 2D plane strain unit cell with one and two cylindrical voids was employed using three-dimensional 12 potentially active slip systems. The results were compared to five representative orientations of the tensile axis on the stereographic triangle. For uniaxial tension conditions, the void volume fraction increase under the applied load is strongly dependent on the crystallographic orientation with respect to the tensile axis. For some orientations of the tensile axis, such as [1 0 0] or [1 1 0], the voids exhibited a growth rate twice as fast compared with other orientations ([1 0 0], [2 1 1]). Void growth and coalescence simulations under uniaxial loading indicated that during deformation along some orientations with asymmetry of the slip systems, the voids experienced rotation and shape distortion, due mainly to lattice reorientation. Coalescence effects are shown to diminish the influence of lattice orientation on the void volume fraction increase, but noteworthy differences are still present. Under biaxial loading conditions, practically all differences in the void volume fraction for different orientations of the tensile axes during void growth vanish. These results lead to the conclusion that at microstructural length scales in regions under intense biaxiality/triaxiality conditions, such as crack tip or notched regions, the plastic anisotropy due to the initial lattice orientation has only a minor role in influencing the void growth rate. In such situations, void growth and coalescence are mainly determined by the stress triaxiality, the magnitude of accumulated strain, and the spatial localization of such plastic strains.  相似文献   

13.
The effect of void size on void growth in single crystals with uniformly distributed cylindrical voids is studied numerically using a finite deformation strain gradient crystal plasticity theory with an intrinsic length parameter. A plane strain cell model is analyzed for a single crystal with three in-plane slip systems. It is observed that small voids allow much larger overall stress levels than larger voids for all the stress triaxialities considered. The amount of void growth is found to be suppressed for smaller voids at low stress triaxialities. Significant differences are observed in the distribution of slips and on the shape of the deformed voids for different void sizes. Furthermore, the orientation of the crystalline lattice is found to have a pronounced effect on the results, especially for the smaller void sizes.  相似文献   

14.
The effects of void band orientation and crystallographic anisotropy on void growth and linkage have been investigated. 2D model materials were fabricated by laser drilling a band of holes into the gage section of sheet tensile samples using various orientation angles with respect to the tensile axis normal. Both copper and magnesium sheets have been studied in order to examine the role of crystallographic anisotropy on the void growth and linkage processes. The samples were pulled in uniaxial tension inside the chamber of an SEM, enabling a quantitative assessment of the growth and linkage processes. The void band orientation angle has a significant impact on the growth and linkage of the holes in copper. As the void band orientation angle is increased from 0° to 45°, the processes of coalescence and linkage are delayed to higher strain values. Furthermore, the mechanism of linkage changes from internal necking to one dominated by shear localization. In contrast, the void band orientation does not have a significant impact on the void growth and linkage processes in magnesium. Void growth in these materials occurs non-uniformly due to interactions between the holes and the microstructure. The heterogeneous nature of deformation in magnesium makes it difficult to apply a coalescence criterion based on the void dimensions. Furthermore, the strain at failure does not show a relationship with the void band orientation angle. Failure associated with twin and grain boundaries interrupts the plastic growth of the holes and causes rapid fracture. Therefore, the impact of the local microstructure outweighs the effects of the void band orientation angle in this material.  相似文献   

15.
IntroductionHyper_elasticmaterials ,suchasrubberandpolyurethane ,havemanyexcellentpropertiesandhavebeenusedwidelyinalmostallregionsofevery_daylifeandindustrialmanufacturing .Thevoidformationandgrowthinhyper_elasticmaterialsduetotheinstabilityofmaterialsplayafundamentalroleinthemechanismsofmaterialfractureandfailure.SotheproblemhasgotacertaindevelopmentinthepasttwentyyearsandtherecentreviewisthatofHorgan[1] .Chou_WangandHorgan[2 ] ,RenandCheng[3 ,4] studiedthegrowthofacentervoidinthecylindero…  相似文献   

16.
The present work aims at studying numerically the influence of void concentration, number of voids and absence/presence of inclusion on void collapse/growth and coalescence in materials submitted to shear loading. Starting from the experimental observation that voiding mostly forms within bands of localised deformation in the form of void sheets, the geometrical configuration retained to that purpose is a layer of periodic cells with 1–5, empty or particle-containing voids, subject to simple shearing.  相似文献   

17.
Plastic constitutive relations are derived for a class of anisotropic porous materials consisting of coaxial spheroidal voids, arbitrarily oriented relative to the embedding orthotropic matrix. The derivations are based on nonlinear homogenization, limit analysis and micromechanics. A variational principle is formulated for the yield criterion of the effective medium and specialized to a spheroidal representative volume element containing a confocal spheroidal void and subjected to uniform boundary deformation. To obtain closed form equations for the effective yield locus, approximations are introduced in the limit-analysis based on a restricted set of admissible microscopic velocity fields. Evolution laws are also derived for the microstructure, defined in terms of void volume fraction, aspect ratio and orientation, using material incompressibility and Eshelby-like concentration tensors. The new yield criterion is an extension of the well known isotropic Gurson model. It also extends previous analyses of uncoupled effects of void shape and material anisotropy on the effective plastic behavior of solids containing voids. Preliminary comparisons with finite element calculations of voided cells show that the model captures non-trivial effects of anisotropy heretofore not picked up by void growth models.  相似文献   

18.
采用体胞模型的分析方法推导了材料在弹塑性变形阶段的孔洞增长方程。假设所有孔洞的内外半径之比相同,用数值方法定性分析了材料在层裂损伤过程中孔洞数密度分布的变化。通过分析孔洞数密度分布、孔洞体积累积百分比、不同大小孔洞所占体积份额的计算结果,指出初始损伤对损伤演化有直接影响。  相似文献   

19.
Hydrostatic stress can affect the non-elastic deformation and flow stress of polymeric materials and certain metallic alloys. This sensitivity to hydrostatic stress can also influence the fracture toughness of ductile materials, which fail by void growth and coalescence. These materials typically contain a non-uniform distribution of voids of varying size-scales and void shapes. In this work, the effects of void shape and microvoid interaction in pressure-sensitive materials are examined via a two-prong approach: (i) an axisymmetric unit-cell containing a single ellipsoidal void and (ii) a plane-strain unit-cell consisting of a single large void and a population of discrete microvoids. The representative material volume in both cases is subjected to physical stress states similar to highly stressed regions ahead of a crack. Results show that oblate voids and microvoid cavitation can severely reduce the critical stress of the material. These effects can be compounded under high levels of pressure-sensitivity. In some cases, the critical stress responsible for rapid void growth is reduced to levels comparable to the yield strength of the material. The contribution of void shape and pressure-sensitivity to the thermal- and moisture-induced voiding phenomenon in IC packages is also discussed.  相似文献   

20.
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