单峰接触研究及其在分形表面接触中的应用

基于有限元方法,建立了弹塑性单峰的接触模型.粗糙峰为理想的弹塑性材料,为了考虑不同的材料特性对微凸体变形的影响,分别对9种不同的材料进行了分析.根据有限元计算结果,分析了接触面积,平均接触压力和接触力与变形干涉量之间的关系,并进行了经验公式的拟合.单峰接触所经历的4个不同的阶段,以及不同阶段之间的转化点均作了明确的表达.然后,根据分形理论,将单峰接触模型扩展到了三维的粗糙表面的接触,并提出了一个计算接触表面法向刚度的模型.通过与实验数据和以往模型的结果对比,证明本文中所提出的模型具有较高的精度.     

调整凸轮机构尺寸以减小摆动从动件名义推力的计算方法

本文通过对厚度方向尺度相同的二维相似摆动从动件盘形凸轮机构进行力学分析及数学计算,导出了合理调整凸轮机构尺度的计算公式.按该公式提供的二维相似系数对凸轮机构进行改进设计,可有效地减小摆动从动件的名义推力.本文介绍的方法对摆动从动件盘形凸轮改进设计有参考价值.     

线接触弹性接触变形的解析算法

以一般光滑性体接触理论为基础,结合有限长弹性体接触的特点,求出线接触弹性接蟹变形的解析公式,并发现其解析解与数值解具有很好的一致性,所得公式可以对赫兹线接触理论加以补充,与经验公式相比,它能够确切反映材料、载荷以及曲率半径等对接触变形的影响,为工程中的精确计算提供了方便。     

采用二次等参体元时的接触判据

当二次等参体元用于分析接触问题时,接触面上节点集中接触力不同号给建立接触判据造成困难。本文建立了由节点集中接触力计算接触面上分布接触力节点值的方法,从而可顺利建立接触判据。此方法已成功应用于工程中的弹性固体接触问题分析,文末给出了一个计算实例。     

微/纳尺度粘着滑动接触的多尺度分析

采用分子动力学与有限元耦合的多尺度方法,求解二维刚性圆柱表面压头与弹性平面的微/纳尺度粘着滑动接触问题,通过与全分子动力学模拟结果的比较验证了多尺度方法的有效性。对压头半径、滑动速度、下压深度以及是否考虑粘着效应等对滑动接触性能的影响进行了全面研究,通过不同条件下摩擦力及接触力分布的比较,揭示了上述各参数对粘着滑动接触...     

基于三维各向异性分形理论的固定机械结合面法向接触刚度建模研究

摘要：将结合面微凸体拓展为椭球体,基于KE有限元模型,类比球形微凸体在弹塑性接触变形阶段法向载荷、接触面积以及变形量之间的关系,根据椭球体的弹性接触理论,采用代入法得到了表征椭球形微凸体弹塑性接触变形机制的对应关系式。结合三维各向异性分形几何理论得到了结合面接触点离心率的有效区间为[0,0.7374],在此基础上,假设结合面接触点离心率分布在有效区间内,在该区间上服从指数分布,且与接触点面积分布相互独立,根据概率论以及接触点的面积大小分布函数,获得了关于结合面接触点面积与离心率的二维联合分布密度函数,进而建立了包含椭球形微凸体完全弹性、弹塑性以及完全塑性三种变形机制的结合面法向接触刚度分形模型。所建模型理论刚度与实验数据的对比结果,表明了模型的正确性及有效性,能较好的预测固定结合面在轻载状态下的法向接触刚度。     

两圆柱体结合面的接触热导分形模型研究

基于三维分形理论，在考虑微凸体的弹性变形、弹塑性变形和塑性变形的基础上，建立了两圆柱体结合面接触热导分形模型。通过数值仿真，分析了分形维数，分形尺度参数、圆柱体曲率半径和接触类型对接触热导的影响。研究结果表明：接触热导随着分形维数的增大而增大，随着分形尺度参数的增大而减小；相同参数下，内接触比外接触的接触热导要大；此外，当固定其中一个圆柱体的曲率半径时，随着另一个圆柱体曲率半径的增大，接触热导增大。该模型为开展齿轮等曲面接触热导的研究提供了理论基础。     

粗糙薄层弹性体接触刚度分析

薄层弹性体功能结构表面在工程领域有着广泛的应用前景,薄层弹性体的接触特性分析对功能结构表面设计与应用非常重要.采用随机粗糙表面模拟生成技术和有限元分析技术建立了粗糙薄层弹性体表面的接触刚度确定性分析模型,研究了薄层弹性体的接触特性,对基于半数值确定性分析方法的粗糙层-基体层串联模型用于粗糙薄层弹性体接触刚度计算的适用性进行了讨论,进一步分析了粗糙薄层弹性体串联模型接触刚度的误差来源.研究结果表明:当薄层弹性体的基体层厚度小于10倍表面均方根粗糙度时,由传统粗糙层-基体层串联模型分析获得的粗糙薄层弹性体刚度误差将超过15%,误差主要来源于粗糙峰的大变形和基体层的局部变形不均匀的共同作用.     

考虑弹塑性变形阶段的干气密封接触模型

为探究干气密封摩擦界面在变形全阶段的接触特性,基于分形接触理论及微观接触力学理论,充分考虑微凸体变形的3个阶段,通过余弦函数构建干气密封全阶段接触模型,并分别与GW模型、KE模型和ZMC模型三种经典接触模型及相关文献的试验数据作对比,验证本文中接触模型的合理性与正确性. 最后对干气密封摩擦界面接触特性的主要影响因素进行探究. 模型研究结果表明:干气密封摩擦界面的接触特性与分形维数、特征尺度及两表面的真实接触面积有关. 接触特性与分形维数和两表面真实接触面积呈正相关,与特征尺度呈负相关. 分形维数越大,接触载荷与接触刚度的数量级就越大,且接触载荷变化范围相对较大. 当特征尺度每次以1个数量级递增时,接触载荷与接触刚度的变化范围较小,都在1个数量级内.      

SPH-FEM接触算法在冲击动力学数值计算中的应用

为了充分发挥光滑粒子流体动力学方法(Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics,SPH)易于处理大变形以及有限元(Finite Element Method,FEM)计算精度和效率高的优势,论文基于无网格粒子接触算法,在有限元节点处设置背景粒子,通过接触力的方式计算SPH粒子和有限单元之间的接触问题...     

Electrogas- and electrohydrodynamic control of gas and liquid jets and flows

The physical and mathematical principles of the method of electrogas-and electrohydrodynamic conversion of electrical signals to pneumatic (hydraulic) signals and vice versa for control of gas and liquid jets and flows in electropneumohydraulic systems are considered. St. Petersburg State Technical University, St. Petersburg 195251. Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 25–31, March–April, 2000.     

Fatigue and static strength of notched and unnotched aluminum-alloy and steel specimens

This paper describes a method of presentation of fatigue data on three commonly used aircraft materials, 2024-T3 and 7075-T6 aluminum alloys and normalized SAE 4130 steel, such that variations in fatigue strength with stress-concentration factor can be shown. Comparisons of the fatigue strengths of 2024-T3 and 7075-T6 aluminum are made for the most useful range of stress-concentration factors. Static-strength results of notched and unnotched specimens of the three materials are presented to show how the strength varies with some parameters of the stress concentration. Comparison of the data with one theory for the strength of cracked specimens was made.     

STICTION AND ANTI—STICTION IN MEMS AND NEMS

Stiction in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) has been a major failure mode ever since the advent of surface micromachining in the 80s of the last century due to large surfacearea-to-volume ratio. Even now when solutions to this problem are emerging, such as self-assembled monolayer (SAM) and other measures, stiction remains one of the most catastrophic failure modes in MEMS. A review is presented in this paper on stiction and anti-stiction in MEMS and nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS). First, some new experimental observations of stiction in radio frequency (RF) MEMS switch and micromachined accelerometers are presented. Second, some criteria for stiction of microstructures in MEMS and NEMS due to surface forces (such as capillary, electrostatic, van der Waals, Casimir forces, etc.) are reviewed. The influence of surface roughness and environmental conditions (relative humidity and temperature) on stiction are also discussed. As hydrophobic films, the self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) turn out able to prevent release-related stiction effectively. The anti-stiction of SAMs in MEMS is reviewed in the last part. The project supported by the Distinguished Young Scholar Fund of NSFC (10225209), key project from the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KJCX2-SW-L2) and National “973” Project (G1999033103)     

水和水蒸汽热力学物性参数及导数的计算与应用

本文针对现代换热设备设计、两相流动与传热研究的需要,介绍了可供科研使用的水和水蒸汽物性计算方法,完善了计算程序。根据超临界锅炉设计中的超临界水的物性计算,两相流研究和换热设备动态特性研究中对物性导数计算的需要,提供了两个算例,并进行了定性分析。     

The fixed point and eigenelement of sum and product about concave and convex operators

In this paper, we obtain the sufficient conditions under which there exists the fixed point of sum and product about concave and – convex operators in the positive cone of linear semi-order space, and the iterative procedure and error estimate can be given. The relation between eigenvalue and eigenelement will also be studied in this paper.     

Flows around two airfoils performing fling and subsequent translation and translation and subsequent clap

The aerodynamic forces and flow structures of two airfoils performing “fling and subsequent translation“ and “translation and subsequent clap“ are studied by numerically solving the Navier-Stokes equations in moving overset grids. These motions are relevant to the flight of very small insects. The Reynolds number, based on the airfoil chord length c and the translation velocity U, is 17. It is shown that: (1) For two airfoils performing fling and subsequent translation, a large lift is generated both in the fling phase and in the early part of the translation phase. During the fling phase,a pair of leading edge vortices of large strength is generated; the generation of the vortex pair in a short period results in a large time rate of change of fluid impulse, which explains the large lift in this period. During the early part of the translation, the two leading edge vortices move with the airfoils;the relative movement of the vortices also results in a large time rate of change of fluid impulse, which explains the large lift in this part of motion. (In the later part of the translation, the vorticity in the vortices is diffused and convected into the wake.) The time averaged lift coefficient is approximately 2.4 times as large as that of a single airfoil performing a similar motion. (2) For two airfoils performing translation and subsequent clap, a large lift is generated in the clap phase. During the clap, a pair of trailing edge vortices of large strength are generated; again, the generation of the vortex pair in a short period (which results in a large time rate of change of fluid impulse) is responsible for the large lift in this period. The time averaged lift coefficient is approximately 1.6 times as large as that of a single airfoil performing a similar motion. (3) When the initial distance between the airfoils (in the case of clap, the final distance between the airfoils) varies from 0.1 to 0.2c, the lift on an airfoil decreases only slightly but the torque decreases greatly. When the distance is about lc， the interference effects between the two airfoils become very small.     

Data-driven modeling and learning in science and engineering

In the past, data in which science and engineering is based, was scarce and frequently obtained by experiments proposed to verify a given hypothesis. Each experiment was able to yield only very limited data. Today, data is abundant and abundantly collected in each single experiment at a very small cost. Data-driven modeling and scientific discovery is a change of paradigm on how many problems, both in science and engineering, are addressed. Some scientific fields have been using artificial intelligence for some time due to the inherent difficulty in obtaining laws and equations to describe some phenomena. However, today data-driven approaches are also flooding fields like mechanics and materials science, where the traditional approach seemed to be highly satisfactory. In this paper we review the application of data-driven modeling and model learning procedures to different fields in science and engineering.