约束多体系统的基于离散零空间的隐式龙格库塔法

将离散零空间理论应用于多体系统动力学方程的数值计算,可降低多体系统动力学方程的维数。通过给出离散零空间理论与IRK法相结合的一般数学框架,提出了多体系统动力学的基于离散零空间理论的IRK法。数值算例表明：该算法可获得较满意的数值结果,约束违约程度很小,三种积分算法算例的范数均在10^-16之内。     

存在相关约束Euler-Lagrange 方程解的存在唯一性

 Euler-Lagrange方程是多体系统动力学的重要数学模型之一. 对存 在诸如包含平行机构的多体系统，采用绝对坐标建模时，系统动力学约束 方程往往是一组相关约束方程. 本文讨论了存在相关约束的Euler-Lagrange 方程解的存在唯一性条件，给出了一个解的存在唯一性定理. 定理中不再 要求满秩，但针对常秩的情形, 对于变秩的情形，通过注释的形式给出了 定理的使用方式.     

多体系统Euler-Lagrange方程组的一类新数值分析方法

针对受完整约束的多体系统,首先指出其动力学Euler-Lagrange方程组是高指标(index>2)的微分代数方程组;不同于传统的直接增广法和直接消去法,文中提出了一类将微分代数方程直接视为非线性代数方程组求解的新的数值分析方法;最后,以典型的单摆模型为例给出了新算法与其他方法的比较,结果表明新算法优于BDF方法及违约修正方法。     

约束多体系统动力学分析的改进的离散零空间算法

通过对已有离散零空间矩阵计算方法的改进,构造了改进的离散零空间等效变换公式,该公式可不依赖于特定的积分方法,能简洁、方便的与多种数值积分方法相结合。基于改进公式,提出了改进的离散零空间算法框架,并将该框架与一般变分积分法结合,构造了约束多体系统动力学分析的改进的离散零空间算法。通过曲柄滑块机构的数值实验,验证了改进的离散零空间等效变换公式的正确性,示例了其与数值积分算法的良好结合性,说明了改进算法的可行性和有效性。     

双面约束多点摩擦多体系统的建模和数值方法

提出了一种建立具有固定双面约束多点摩擦的多体系统动力学方程的方法.用笛卡尔坐标阵描述系统的位形,根据局部方法的递推关系建立系统的约束方程,应用第一类Lagrange方程建市该系统的动力学方程,使得具有摩擦的约束面的法向力与Lagrange乘子一一对应,便于摩擦力的分析与计算,并用矩阵形式给出了摩擦力的广义力的一般表达式.应用增广法将微分-代数方程组转化为常微分方程组,并用分块矩阵的形式给出,以便于方程的编程与计算.给出了一种改进的试算法,可提高计算效率.最后给出了一个算例,应用试算法和RK法对算例进行了数值仿真.     

长条形基坑带顶部支撑排桩支护体系空间变形研究

提出了一种建立具有固定双面约束多点摩擦的多体系统动力学方程的方法. 用笛卡尔坐标阵 描述系统的位形，根据局部方法的递推关系建立系统的约束方程，应用第一类Lagrange方程 建立该系统的动力学方程，使得具有摩擦的约束面的法向力与Lagrange乘子一一对应，便于 摩擦力的分析与计算，并用矩阵形式给出了摩擦力的广义力的一般表达式. 应用增广法将微 分-代数方程组转化为常微分方程组，并用分块矩阵的形式给出，以便于方程的编程与计算. 给出了一种改进的试算法，可提高计算效率. 最后给出了一个算例，应用试算法和RK法对算 例进行了数值仿真.     

基于零空间基的非线性结构分析方法

根据零空间基和M－P广义逆理论,推导了结构非线性增量平衡方程极值点与非临界点解的统一形式,并直接表示为增广矩阵零空间基的形式。 研究了基于M－P逆、奇异值分解和伪上三角分解确定零空间基的三种数值方法,以及据此求增量平衡方程增量解的方法。利用Matlab语言,在Matlab集成环境下实现了非线性结构分析算法,并研究了算法的效率与稳定性。最后,给出了两个详细的数值分析算例,结果表明该方法正确有效,可适宜中等规模的结构分析。     

含摩擦滑移铰平面多刚体动力学的HLCP方法

给出了一种基于水平线性互补问题(HLCP)的双边约束滑移铰含摩擦平面多刚体系统动力学的数值计算方法.首先从系统的约束方程出发建立了每个双边约束中两个约束面的法向约束力的互补关系;并利用摩擦余量的概念给出了库仑摩擦定律的互补表达式.然后针对事件驱动算法将该类非光滑多体系统动力学方程中双边约束中法向约束力切换和系统"stick-slip"运动状态切换的判断统一成HLCP的求解,通过定义一组变维数矩阵给出了HLCP形式的一般表达式,便于编程计算.最后通过一个两自由度多体系统的算例验证了该方法的有效性.     

关于《再论约束最小二乘法》的注记

约束最小二乘法在计算力学和工程问题的理论研究和实际应用中都起到重要的作用。本文借助矩阵广义奇异值分解的方法，研究了一般矩阵的约束最小二乘问题，给出了一般矩阵约束最小二乘问题的算法，推广了文献[1]的结果。     

可展桁架结构展开过程分析

提出了一种分析构架式结构展开过程的有效算法。基于含多余广义坐标的动力学普遍方程 ,利用约束雅可比矩阵的零空间基引入一组准速率 ,得到独立的展开过程分析的动力学微分方程。为提高展开模拟的数值精度 ,文中提出了一种控制展开过程几何违约、速度违约和能量违约的数值稳定算法。该算法求解效率高 ,能和任意数值积分方法结合使用 ,能分析大型的构架式可展结构的展开过程     

Preface: Current research progress on mechanics of high speed rail

The construction and operation of high-speed rail（HSR）grid within the past two decades in China,in terms of the scale,may be possibly comparable to any national-wide construction in the history of China,even the Great Wall.By counting railways with commercial train service at the speed of200 km/h,China has the world’s longest HSR network with over 19 369.8 km of track in service today and this number     

ACTA MECHANICA SINICA 2014 ANNUAL SUBJECT INDEX

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人造地震动合成中的位移误差分析

三角函数级数法是合成人工地震动常用算法之一,但是通过对加速度积分求取位移时,却存在与零线漂移相类似的位移漂移现象。     

Rainwater rivulets on a cable subject to windFilets d'eau de pluie sur un câble soumis au vent

Rainwater rivulets appear on inclined cables of cable-stayed bridges when wind and rain occur simultaneously. In a restricted range of parameters this is known to cause vibrations of high amplitudes on the cable. The mechanism underlying this effect is still under debate but the role of rainwater rivulets is certain. We use a standard lubrication model to analyse the dynamics of a water film on a cylinder under the effect of gravity and wind load. A simple criterion is then proposed for the appearance and position of rivulets, where the Froude number is the control parameter. Experiments with several geometries of cylinder covered with water in a wind tunnel show the evolution of the rivulets with the Froude number. Comparison of the prediction by the model with these experimental data shows that the main mechanism of rivulet formation and positioning is captured. To cite this article: C. Lemaitre et al., C. R. Mecanique 334 (2006).     

Hermitian space-time finite elements for estuarine mass transport

Space-time finite element solutions of the convection–dispersion equation using higher-order nodal continuity and Hermitian polynomial shape functions are described. Five separate elements ranging from a complete linear element with C^0,0 nodal continuity to a complete first-order Hermitian element with C^1,1 nodal continuity are subjected to detailed analysis. Wave deformation analyses identify the source of leading or trailing edge oscillations, trailing edge oscillations being the major source of difficulty. These observations are confirmed by numerical experiments which further demonstrate the potential of higher-order nodal continuity. The performance of the complete first-order Hermitian element is quite satisfactory and measurably superior to the linear element.     

Cristallisation par onde acoustique : le cas de l'héliumCrystallization by acoustic waves: the case of helium

We establish a theoretical model to explain the nucleation of a crystal of helium by an acoustic over-pressure. We explain the interfacial laws for this ultra-fast cristallization, close to the sound speed. Assuming spherical symmetry and taking into account the experimental data, we recover the dynamics of the growth and melting during an over-pressure impulse. To cite this article: M. Ben Amar et al., C. R. Mecanique 331 (2003).     

Structure initiale et propriétés de liquéfaction statique d'un sableInitial structure and static liquefaction properties of sand.

Based on the use of two different preparation procedures for reconstituting triaxial samples of sand, i.e. wet tamping and dry pluviation, significant differences in associated mechanical behaviour are observed on a reference sand with respect to the phenomenon of ‘static’ liquefaction. Wet tamping favours the initiation of liquefaction instability, whereas dry pluviation favours a more stable behaviour, less susceptible to liquefaction. Microscopic observation of corresponding sand specimens allows us to identify two well differentiated structures, i.e., for wet tamping, an irregular structure with predominance of aggregates (aggregated grains) and macropores, very contractant and unstable and, for dry pluviation, a more regular structure, without macropores, more dilatant and more stable. These observations show the importance of further characterization, based on the introduction of appropriate parameters, of the initial structure of sandy materials, strongly dependant upon their mode of formation (natural or artificial). To cite this article: N. Benahmed et al., C. R. Mecanique 332 (2004).     

Sources of Complexity in Human Systems

Complex is a special attribute we can give to many kinds of systems. Although it is used often as a synonym of difficult, it has a specific epistemological meaning, which is going to be shared by the incoming science of complexity. Difficult is an object which, by means of an adequate computational power, can be deterministically or stochastically predictable. On the contrary complex is an object which can not be predictable because of logical impossibility or because its predictability would require a computational power far beyond any physical feasibility, now and forever. For complexity refers to some observing system, it is always subjective, and thus it is defined as observed irreducible complexity. Human systems are affected by several sources of complexity, belonging to three classes, in order of descending restrictivity. Systems belonging to the first class are not predictable at all, those belonging to the second class are predictable only through an infinite computational capacity, and those belonging to the third class are predictable only through a trans-computational capacity. The first class has two sources of complexity: logical complexity, directly deriving from self-reference and Gödel's incompleteness theorems, and relational complexity, resulting in a sort of indeterminacy principle occurring in social systems. The second class has three sources of complexity: gnosiological complexity, which consists of the variety of possible perceptions; semiotic complexity, which represents the infinite possible interpretations of signs and facts; and chaotic complexity, which characterizes phenomena of nonlinear dynamic systems. The third class coincides with computational complexity, which basically coincides with the mathematical concept of intractability. Artificial, natural, biological and human systems are characterized by the influence of different sources of complexity, and the latter appear to be the most complex.