ELASTIC CALCULATION OF STRESSES IN RINGS USING AIRY STRESS FUNCTION

Stress calculation formulae for a ring have been obtained by using Airy stress function of the plane strain field with the decomposition of the solutions for normal stresses of Airy biharmonic equation into two parts when it is loaded under two opposite inside forces along a diameter. One part should fulfill a constraint condition about normal stress distribution along the circumference at an energy valley to do the minimum work. Other part is a stress residue constant. In order to verify these formulae and the computed results, the computed contour lines of equi-maximal shear stresses were plotted and quite compared with that of photo-elasticity test results. This constraint condition about normal stress distribution along circumference is confirmed by using Greens’ theorem. An additional compression exists along the circumference of the loaded ring, explaining the divorcement and displacement of singularity points at inner and outer boundaries.     

A GENERALIZED MODELING FOR CEMENT-BASED MATERIALS UNDER LARGE RANGE OF COMPRESSION STATE

The aim of this study is to describe the main behavior of cement-based materials under large compression state based on the recent experimental research. In this paper, the strainstress relations are firstly analyzed and confining pressure state is regarded as low/medium/high state. A generalized cup modeling is introduced by a coupled deviatoric shearing, pore collapse and damage mechanism within thermodynamic framework. A series of numerical simulations are performed for the considered cement paste and concrete. Comparisons between numerical predictions and experimental results show that the proposed model is able to describe the main features of mechanical behavior under large range of compression state.     

Effect of Stress-Dependent Thermal Conductivity on Thermo-Mechanical Coupling Behavior in GaN-Based Nanofilm Under Pulse Heat Source

The thermal properties of a nanostructured semiconductor are affected by multi-physical fields,such as stress and electromagnetic fields,causing changes in temperature and strain distributions.In this work,the influence of stress-dependent thermal conductivity on the heat transfer behavior of a GaN-based nanofilm is investigated.The finite element method is adopted to simulate the temperature distribution in a prestressed nanofilm under heat pulses.Numerical results demonstrate the effect of stress field on the thermal conductivity of GaN-based nanofilm,namely,the prestress and the thermal stress lead to a change in the heat transfer behavior in the nanofilm.Under the same heat source,the peak temperature of the film with stress-dependent thermal conductivity is significantly lower than that of the film with a constant thermal conductivity and the maximum temperature difference can reach 8.2 K.These results could be useful for designing GaN-based semiconductor devices with higher reliability under multi-physical fields.     

Computation of pressure drop for dilute gas-solid suspension across thin and thick orifices

The present work deals with the computation of the gas-solid two-phase flow pressure drop across thin and thick orifices for a vertically downward flow configuration at the higher limits of a dilute phase flow situation(0.01≤αs,in≤0.10).The Eulerian-Eulerian(two-fluid)model has been used in conjunction with the kinetic theory of granular flow with a four-way coupling approach.The validation of the solution process has been performed by comparing the computational result with the existing experimental data.It is observed that the two-phase flow pressure drop across the orifice increases with an increase in the thickness of the orifice,and the effect is more prominent at higher solid loading.The pressure drop is found to increase with an increase in the solid volume fraction.An increase in the Reynolds number or the area ratio increases the pressure drop.An increase in the size of the particles reduces the pressure drop across the orifice at both small and relatively large solid volume fractions.Finally,a two-phase multiplier has been proposed in terms of the relevant parameters,which can be useful to evaluate the gas-solid two-phase flow pressure drop across the orifice and can subsequently help to improve the system performance.     

APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND MECHANICS (ENGLISH EDITION) 2014 TOTAL CONTENTS

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某火箭弹标准外形引信气动加热计算

为了评估弹体飞行中产生的气动热对弹头引信的影响,采用计算流体动力学(CFD)方法对某火箭弹标准外形引信体在飞行条件下的气动加热过程进行了数值计算与分析.计算中,将获得的某火箭弹实际弹道参数进行了分段线性拟合,得到了计算域入口处的速度、温度、压强与时间的函数关系;结合分析对象的特点,采用结构化网格、远场压力边界条件、k-ε模型,利用有限体积法、耦合求解法模式、二阶迎风格式进行求解,得出了某火箭弹标准外形引信在弹道中不同时刻的温度场变化规律.计算结果与遥测试验结果的比较表明:两者变化的趋势及量值大小相吻合,两者的最大误差为13.0%,满足工程应用要求.     

Electrical and thermal performances of photovoltaic/thermal systems with magnetic nanofluids:A review

Enhancing solar photovoltaic and thermal conversion performances may help develop more environmentally friendly hybrid photovoltaic/thermal(PV/T)systems that can be used in applications ranging from household to industrial scales.Owing to their enhanced thermal and optical properties,nanofluids have proven to be good candidates for designing PV/T systems with superior performances.As smart nanofluids,magnetic nanofluids(MNFs)can further enhance the performances of PV/T systems under external magnetic fields.This paper reviews recent developments in enhancing the electrical and thermal performances of PV/T systems using magnetic nanofluids.Various parameters affecting the performances are highlighted,and some areas for further investigations are discussed.The reviewed literature shows that PV/T systems with MNFs are promising.However,their performances need further investigation before they can be used in applications.     

Stability analysis and modeling for the three-dimensional Darcy-Forchheimer stagnation point nanofluid flow towards a moving surface

In this research,the three-dimensional(3D)steady and incompressible laminar Homann stagnation point nanofluid flow over a porous moving surface is addressed.The disturbance in the porous medium has been characterized by the Darcy-Forchheimer relation.The slip for viscous fluid is considered.The energy equation is organized in view of radiative heat flux which plays an important role in the heat transfer rate.The governing flow expressions are first altered into first-order ordinary ones and then solved numerically by the shooting method.Dual solutions are obtained for the velocity,skin friction coefficient,temperature,and Nusselt number subject to sundry flow parameters,magnetic parameter,Darcy-Forchheimer number,thermal radiation parameter,suction parameter,and dimensionless slip parameter.In this research,the main consideration is given to the engineering interest like skin friction coefficient(velocity gradient or surface drag force)and Nusselt number(temperature gradient or heat transfer rate)and discussed numerically through tables.In conclusion,it is noticed from the stability results that the upper branch solution(UBS)is more reliable and physically stable than the lower branch solution(LBS).     

Development of a nanostructured filter for pyrolysis wax purification:Effects of particulate filter aids

Wax obtained from the pyrolysis of polyethylene waste can contain inorganic contaminants and must be purified before application.We evaluated different filter aids(perlite,sand,and rice husk ash)for the filtration of a crude wax and a pyrolysis wax through a filter medium that was coated with nylon 6 nanofibers to improve filtration efficiency.We first examined the performance of the filter aids in improving crude wax filtration,with the filtration time,temperature,and pressure held constant at 1 h,170℃,and 2.5 bar,respectively.Oily wax was then produced by pyrolysis of high-density polyethylene(HDPE)waste in the temperature range 425-475℃.The best filter aid was perlite,which had a filtrate production rate of 5.47×10^-5m³/h.The highest oily wax yield(87.8%)was achieved at a pyrolysis temperature of 425℃.The assembly comprising the filter medium coated with nylon 6 nanofibers plus perlite as a filter aid was most suitable for removing impurities from the oily wax generated by the HDPE pyrolysis as it achieved a purification efficiency of 99.9%.     

Mechanical effects of circular liquid inclusions inside soft matrix: role of internal pressure change and surface tension

The mechanical effects of dilute liquid inclusions on the solid-liquid composite are explored,based on an analytical circular inclusion model incorporating the internal pressure change of the liquid and the surface tension of the interface.Several simple explicit dependences of the stress field and effective stiffness on the bulk modulus and the size of the liquid,the surface tension,and Poisson’s ratio of the matrix are derived.The results show that the stresses in the matrix are reduced,and the stiffness of the solid-liquid composite is enhanced with the consideration of either the surface tension or the internal pressure change.Particularly,the effective Young’s modulus predicted by the present model for either soft or stiff matrices agrees well with the known experimental data.In addition,according to the theoretical results,it is possible to stiffen a soft solid by pressured gas with the presence of the surface tension of the solid-gas interface.     

垂向动载下饱和砂土液化发展的数值模拟

针对一维应变情况,建立了垂向荷载作用时饱和砂土的一维应变动力学模型,然后进行了分析。得到了在垂向荷载作用下,饱和砂土液化发展过程的特性。结果表明,渗透系数越小,骨架强度越低,扰动强度越大,液化发展越快。     

胶新铁路砂土液化区路基沉降规律研究

地震液化常给人们带来巨大损失,而剪切振动和循环荷载作用下的动力学效应常被认为是地震液化的主要原因,人们对剪切荷载作用下饱和砂土的液化问题进行了较多的研究,而对循环荷载作用下砂土液化的动力学效应研究较少。胶新铁路在DK39+000开始为高地震烈度区,DK283+550~DK283+770分布有地震可液化层,工程修建后列车动荷载的影响将会有诱发砂土液化的可能性。为了研究通车前自然沉降特征和通车后循环荷载作用下的路基沉降变形规律,本文在具体分析了砂土液化的概念和准则判别的基础上,重点分析了砂土液化区路基沉降特征,包括测试断面竖向分层沉降变形特征分析和路基水平位移特征分析。最后在试验的基础上,从理论上给出了循环荷载下砂土的本构关系。     

On the mechanism of the formation of horizontal cracks in a vertical column of saturated sand

Extended horizontal cracks have been observed experimentally in a vertical column of saturated sand when a flow of water is forced to percolate upward through it. This paper provides a theory for this phenomenon. It will be shown that the presence of inhomogeneity in permeability along the length of the column is essential for such cracks to develop. It will also be shown that small initial inhomogeneity may be magnified through the transport of the finer component of the sand by percolation. Under certain conditions liquefaction takes place at a section of the sand column causing a crack to initiate and grow there. This theory is found to be in good qualitative agreement with the experimental findings. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (19832010)     

Wave-induced liquefaction of a saturated sand layer

The paper presents a theoretical study of the dynamic liquefaction of a saturated sand layer. The motion of the sand is induced by a periodic disturbance at the lower boundary of the layer, which simulates the influence of a plane excitation wave coming from below. The initial boundary value problem is solved numerically with the use of the hypoplastic constitutive equation for particular sand. Both horizontal and vertical disturbances are considered. The repeated deformation caused by a strong dynamic disturbance results in the reduction of the effective pressure and in the liquefaction of the sand. The degree of liquefaction as a function of the depth is nonuniform. The liquefaction patterns produced by vertical and horizontal disturbances are completely different. Received February 22, 2000     

泥石流的启动分析

分析了由于振动或冲刷等动载荷引起散体堆积物的液化或流态化而导致的泥石流．据此,认为这是在小坡角（１０°以内）条件下泥石流形成的主要原因．     

用于吸力式基础离心机模拟的动力加载设备

吸力式桶形基础广泛地应用于海洋油气开发的海洋平台。在冬季，渤海冰排会对平台产生强烈的冲击，引起振动。本文介绍了一套用于土工离心机实验的动力加载设备，并介绍了该套设备在模拟吸力式桶形基础在受到等效动冰载作用下的响应的实验研究情况及实验结果。结杲表明，当载荷幅值超过一个临界值时，地基上部会发生软化甚至液化。超孔隙水压从土体上部到下部，从桶形基础壁面到远处逐渐减小。在动载荷作用下，桶形基础和临近土体会发生大的沉降。桶形基础尺寸越小，动载荷响应越大。     

Dynamic effective shear strength of saturated sand

The dynamic effective shear strength of saturated sand under cyclic loading is discussed in this paper. The discussion includes the transient time dependency behaviors based on the analysis of the results obtained in conventional cyclic triaxial tests and cyclic torsional shear triaxial tests. It has been found that the dynamic effective shear strength is composed of effective frictional resistance and viscous resistance, which are characterized by the strain rate dependent feature of strength magnitude, the coupling of consolidation stress with cyclic stress and the dependency of time needed to make the soil strength sufficiently mobilized, and can also be expressed by the extended Mohr-Coulomb's law. The two strength parameters of the dynamic effective internal frictional angle φ_d and the dynamic viscosity coefficient η are determined. The former is unvaried for different number of cyclic loading, dynamic stress form and consolidation stress ratio. And the later is unvaried for the different dynamic shear strain rate developed during the sand liquefaction, but increases with the increase of initial density of sand. The generalization of dynamic effective stress strength criterion in the 3-dimensional effective stress space is studied in detail for the purpose of its practical use. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10172070)     

VERTICAL VIBRATION ANALYSIS OF AXISYMMETRIC SATURATED SOIL

Based on Biot’s dynamic consolidation equations,by means of Laplace-Hankel transform technology,the integral solutions of stress and displacement in saturated soil with subjacent rock-stratum under axisymmetric arbitrary excitations were derived.In- fluence of the reflected wave generated by the boundary was revealed.Numerical results indicate that the vibration frequency has some effect on the vertical displacement of satu- rated soil.The vertical displacement at the surface of saturated soil lags in phase with the load.Furthermore,the dynamic permeability coefficient of saturated soil has significant effect on the vertical displacement at the initial stage of load applied,but when the load becomes stable,the effect is inapparent.     

Unified analysis of liquefaction and the ground flow phenomenon

Loose saturated sand behaves as a solid before liquefaction but as a fluid when the excess pore water pressure equals the initial confining stress, after which it recovers its strength. A simple constitutive equation for loose saturated sand was developed to express the phase transformation between a solid and fluid during liquefaction and the ground flow phenomenon. This constitutive equation was used for a shaking table test, and its applicability was investigated by comparing numerical and experimental results Published in Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 43, No. 8, pp. 129–144, August 2007. An erratum to this article is available at .     

常德-张家界高速公路某大桥桥基砂土液化评价

结合常德—张家界高速公路某大桥桥基工程,在DSD—160型电磁式振动三轴试验仪上,通过往返加荷三轴试验,对饱和砂土进行了液化试验研究,探讨了基于动三轴液化试验结果判断饱和砂土液化的方法。并尝试了这种室内研究—反应分析的液化可能性估计方法与地震剪应力时程相结合的综合判断方法。在该高速公路大桥桥基的饱和砂土液化评价中,采用这种综合判断方法,对大桥桥基砂土液化进行了判断。在判断场地是否液化后,对其液化危害程度进行了等级划分,给出了该工程场地在未来遭受到不同超越概率下的地震作用时发生液化的危害程度,得到了一些有工程实用意义的结果。