软夹硬力学不均匀焊接接头疲劳裂纹闭合行为的实验研究

力学性能不均匀是焊接接头的三大待征之一，本文采用柔度法研究了不同硬夹层宽度的软夹硬力学不均匀焊接接头疲劳裂纹的闭俣行为。研究结果表明，裂纹尖端附近软区的局部屈服在疲劳载荷卸载过程中促使裂纹闭合。随着硬夹层宽度的减小，这一影响越来越明显。     

不均匀裂纹体疲劳裂纹扩展的实验研究和分析

本文提出了裂纹在硬区的软对硬不均匀裂纹体的力学分析模型.疲劳实验研究表明,这种不均匀性影响疲劳裂纹扩展速率.文中的疲劳载荷下不均匀裂纹体的边界元数值计算结果表明,随着疲劳裂纹的扩展,在相同扩展步下,裂纹距软硬区界面越近,裂纹张开位移的幅值△COD 越小,J 积分幅值△J 亦越小.不均匀性对疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响,主要通过影响△J 来实现.裂纹与软硬区界面的距离越近,疲劳裂纹扩展速率越小.     

焊接接头材质和力学非均匀体低周疲劳特性研究

焊接接头是由母材区、热影响区和焊缝组成的材质和力学性质非均匀体,与均匀材料相比,有关非均匀体低周疲劳特性的研究还相当少,许多问题尚未完全搞清.本文通过16MnR压力容器用钢焊接接头的应变控制低周疲劳试验,采用宏观试验与微观分析相结合的方法,考虑了焊接接头材质和力学非均匀性的影响,对其疲劳特性进行了较为深入的研究,得出一些新的十分有意义的结论.     

J积分在分层非均匀介质裂纹问题中的应用

本文对分层非均匀介质裂纹问题的J积分进行了研究,旨在把J积分方法用于焊接接头或分层复合材料的断裂分析。利用弹塑性有限元和本文给出的分层介质J的数值计算方法,在各种载荷水平下对含有软夹层的非均质中心裂纹板的J值进行了计算。软夹层中的裂纹平行于或垂直于夹层与基体的分界,分别按Rice的J积分定义和本文的适用于一般多层介质裂纹问题的J的修正定义进行分析计算。考察了软夹层相对宽度对J积分值的影响。     

四边简支硬夹芯夹层板的弯曲问题研究

现有的夹层结构理论都是将夹芯视为软夹芯,忽略了其面内应力分量和弯曲刚度.该理论不能满足近年来出现的硬夹芯夹层结构.对此,考虑了以上被忽略的因素,修正了Reissner理论的软夹芯假设,提出了考虑夹芯面内应力分量和弯曲刚度的硬夹芯夹层板基本假设.根据最小势能原理得到了硬夹芯夹层板弯曲的基本方程和边界条件,给出了四边简支硬夹芯夹层板在横向载荷下弯曲的解析解.另外本文还研究了硬夹芯夹层板弯曲问题的有限元法,推导了四节点四边形等参单元的有限元列式,并用MATLAB编程求解了具体算例.     

CRACK INTERACTING WITH AN INDIVIDUAL INCLUSION BY THE FRACTURE CRITERION OF CONFIGURATIONAL FORCE

基于构型力概念提出一种可判断裂纹起裂以及裂纹扩展方向的新断裂准则.该准则假设当构型合力值达到一个临界值时裂纹开始扩展,而裂纹扩展的方向则为构型合力的矢量方向.基于此断裂准则,本文开发构型力的有限元计算方法,实现对裂纹扩展的数值模拟,并着重对工程中常见的含孔洞/夹杂结构的裂纹扩展问题展开研究.研究结果表明,基于构型力的裂纹扩展准则可以很好地预测裂纹与孔/夹杂的干涉作用,其数值模拟结果与实验结果相符,从而验证了该裂纹扩展模拟方法的有效性.通过对裂纹和夹杂（圆孔、软夹杂、硬夹杂）干涉问题的数值模拟表明,裂纹前端夹杂对裂纹的扩展具有重要影响.裂纹的扩展方向与裂纹和夹杂的相对位置、以及夹杂类型密切相关.软夹杂和圆孔会吸引裂纹向其扩展,而硬夹杂会排斥裂纹扩展,裂纹在扩展过程中会绕开硬夹杂.当裂纹与夹杂夹角较小时,夹杂对裂纹扩展的影响作用明显,当夹角较大时,夹杂对裂纹扩展的影响较小;特别当裂纹与夹杂夹角为45°时,软夹杂和圆孔可能会抑制裂纹的扩展,使裂纹扩展发生止裂.研究结果有助于认清含孔洞/夹杂结构中的裂纹扩展或止裂问题,对于工程中的断裂问题具有重要指导意义.     

基于构型力断裂准则的裂纹与夹杂干涉问题

基于构型力概念提出一种可判断裂纹起裂以及裂纹扩展方向的新断裂准则.该准则假设当构型合力值达到一个临界值时裂纹开始扩展,而裂纹扩展的方向则为构型合力的矢量方向.基于此断裂准则,本文开发构型力的有限元计算方法,实现对裂纹扩展的数值模拟,并着重对工程中常见的含孔洞/夹杂结构的裂纹扩展问题展开研究.研究结果表明,基于构型力的裂纹扩展准则可以很好地预测裂纹与孔/夹杂的干涉作用,其数值模拟结果与实验结果相符,从而验证了该裂纹扩展模拟方法的有效性.通过对裂纹和夹杂(圆孔、软夹杂、硬夹杂)干涉问题的数值模拟表明,裂纹前端夹杂对裂纹的扩展具有重要影响.裂纹的扩展方向与裂纹和夹杂的相对位置、以及夹杂类型密切相关.软夹杂和圆孔会吸引裂纹向其扩展,而硬夹杂会排斥裂纹扩展,裂纹在扩展过程中会绕开硬夹杂.当裂纹与夹杂夹角较小时,夹杂对裂纹扩展的影响作用明显,当夹角较大时,夹杂对裂纹扩展的影响较小;特别当裂纹与夹杂夹角为45?时,软夹杂和圆孔可能会抑制裂纹的扩展,使裂纹扩展发生止裂.研究结果有助于认清含孔洞/夹杂结构中的裂纹扩展或止裂问题,对于工程中的断裂问题具有重要指导意义.     

脆性固体中内聚断裂点阵列的扩张行为及间隔影响

建立一个一维模型, 分析脆性材料中多个等间距虚拟断裂点在均匀应变率拉伸作用下的扩张断裂过程. 采用线弹性波动方程组描述材料内部动力学关系, 采用线性内聚力断裂模型(linear cohesive fracture model)描述虚拟断裂点的扩张行为, 根据初始均匀拉伸条件和虚拟裂纹等间距假设给出定解条件, 形成一个初边值问题. 采用Laplace变换方法求解控制方程组, 得到虚拟断裂点扩张过程中内聚应力随时间变化曲线, 以及发生完全断裂的临界时间和单位裂纹体(碎片)的临界膨胀位移. 在此基础上分析应变率和裂纹间距对碎裂发生时间及单元裂纹体临界膨胀位移的影响. 在假设脆性材料在自然碎裂过程中单元裂纹体临界膨胀位移最小的基础上,进一步研究应变率对碎片尺度的影响.      

成层土中半埋入完整桩的瞬态波动响应

基于回传射线矩阵法,求得单位脉冲作用下成层土中半埋人完整桩的桩顶速度导纳和相位,然后利用Fourier逆变换和卷积定理求得瞬态半正弦激振力作用下的桩顶时域速度响应.比较均匀地基、上软下硬(上硬下软)两层地基、软夹层(硬夹层)三层地基的桩顶速度响应,进一步分析土体剪切模量、上覆土层厚度、软(硬)夹层厚度对桩顶速度导纳、相位和反射波的影响.结果表明:土体剪切模量及土层厚度对桩顶速度导纳、相位以及反射波影响很大.     

基于泛形理论的裂纹扩展路径模拟

材料断裂面的泛形特征是由于材料内部不均匀造成的．本文利用纳米压痕实验测得的弹性模量随机样本，得到了表示材料非均匀特性的Weibull统计分布参数；对含裂纹的HT250试件的裂纹扩展过程进行了基于扩展有限元法的数值模拟，在此结果上计算了裂纹扩展路径的泛形复杂度，模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好；分析了铝合金7075不同均质度对非均匀模型裂纹扩展的影响．研究结果表明，灰口铸铁的Ⅰ型裂纹扩展路径具有泛形特征，裂纹的泛形复杂度依赖于材料的非均匀性且呈负相关关系．该研究方法也适用于其他应力应变呈单值关系材料的裂纹扩展分析．     

纤维增强聚合物布加固裂纹木梁的稳定性

梁中横向裂纹等效为无质量内部转动弹簧，假定纤维增强聚合物(FRP)布与梁表面紧密粘贴，建立了考虑轴向压力二阶效应FRP 布加固裂纹梁线性弯曲的控制方程，并得到其显式解析通解．在此基础上，研究了FRP加固简支裂纹木梁的稳定性，通过数值求解方程，分析了纤维增强聚合物(CFRP)布含量、裂纹深度和位置以及数量等因素对CFRP 布加固简支裂纹杉木梁临界载荷的影响，结果表明：CFRP 加固可明显减小裂纹深度和数量等对裂纹杉木梁临界载荷的影响，且裂纹处弯矩较大或裂纹较深时加固效应愈加显著；CFRP 加固裂纹木梁临界载荷随CFRP 布加固层含量的增加而增加，但当CFRP 布含量达到一定值后，进一步增加CFRP 含量对CFRP加固裂纹梁临界载荷提高并不明显．     

Some considerations on instability of combined loaded thin-walled tubes with a crack

Instability of a thin-walled stainless steel tube with a crack-shaped defect under combined loading is studied in this paper. Furthermore, the effects of the tube length, crack orientation, and crack length on the buckling behavior of tubes are investigated. The behavior of tubes subjected to combined is analyzed by using the finite element method (by Abaqus software). For cracked tubes with a fixed thickness, the buckling load decreases as the tube length and the ratio of the tube length to its diameter increase. Moreover, the buckling load of cracked tubes under combined loading also decreases with increasing crack length.     

一种随机裂纹结构的裂纹扩展路径分析方法

裂纹结构中存在大量不确定性因素,如裂纹长度、材料性质、外部载荷等,裂纹扩展路径的不确定性分析对研究随机裂纹结构损伤和断裂的力学特性并预测其性能及可靠性具有重要意义。本文提出了一种适应于混合载荷模式下随机裂纹结构的裂纹扩展路径分析方法。该方法考虑了裂纹长度、材料性质和外部载荷等的随机性,并通过蒙特卡洛方法对随机参数空间进行采样。采用比例边界有限元方法计算结构应力强度因子,进而模拟单次裂纹扩展路径。在此基础上,通过概率分析方法获得随机裂纹结构中裂纹扩展路径的统计特性。最后给出了两个数值算例验证了本文方法的有效性。     

Experimental study and BEM analysis of fatigue crack growth in a cracked heterogeneous body

A model for analysing a soft-hard heterogeneous body with a crack in the hard region is presented in this paper. The result of fatigue experiments shows that mechanical heterogeneity affects the rate of propagation of fatigue crack. Meanwhile the results computed by BEM for cracked heterogeneous bodies under cycling loading indicate that the smaller the distance between the crack and the interface of hard and soft regions is, the smaller the amplitude of crack opening displacement, COD and ofJ-integral as well at the same step during the fatigue crack growth will be. The effect of heterogeneity on the rate of fatigue crack propagation is shown by the variation of J. The smaller the distance of the crack to the interface is, the smaller the rate of fatigue crack growth will be.     

Mode III fracture problem of a cracked FGPM surface layer bonded to a cracked FGPM substrate

This work deals with the mode III fracture problem of a cracked functionally graded piezoelectric surface layer bonded to a cracked functionally graded piezoelectric substrate. The cracks are normal to the interface and the electro-elastic material properties are assumed to be varied along the crack direction. Potential and flux types of boundary condition are assigned on the edge of the surface layer. The problem under the assumptions of impermeable and permeable cracks can be formulated to the standard singular integral equations, which are solved by using the Gauss–Chebyshev technique. The effects of the boundary conditions, the material properties and crack interaction on the stress and electric displacement intensity factors are discussed.     

Temperature and rate effects on stable crack growth in a particulate composite material

In this study, edge cracked sheet specimens made from polybutadiene rubber embedded with hard particles were used in crack propagation tests. Crack propagation tests were conducted under two crosshead speeds (2.54 mm/min and 12.7 mm/min) at three temperatures (−53.9°C, 22.2°C and 73.9°C). The experimental data were analyzed and the crack growth resistance curves and the crack growth rate versus the Mode I stress intensity factor were plotted. Based on these experimental results, the effects of temperature and loading rate on the crack growth behavior were investigated and the results are discussed.     

Buckling and postbuckling of size-dependent cracked microbeams based on a modified couple stress theory

The elastic buckling analysis and the static postbuckling response of the Euler–Bernoulli microbeams containing an open edge crack are studied based on a modified couple stress theory. The cracked section is modeled by a massless elastic rotational spring. This model contains a material length scale parameter and can capture the size effect. The von Kármán nonlinearity is applied to display the postbuckling behavior. Analytical solutions of a critical buckling load and the postbuckling response are presented for simply supported cracked microbeams. This parametric study indicates the effects of the crack location, crack severity, and length scale parameter on the buckling and postbuckling behaviors of cracked microbeams.     

Surface cracking of a piezoelectric strip bonded to an elastic substrate (Mode I crack problem)

Summary A piezoelectric material layer bonded to an elastic substrate is investigated. The piezoelectric layer contains an edge crack that is perpendicular to the surface of medium. The poling axis of the piezoelectric layer is parallel to its edge. The elastic layer can be an ideal insulator or an ideal conductor. The Fourier transform technique is used to reduce the problem to a solution of singular integral equations. Both impermeable crack and permeable crack assumptions are considered. Stress and electric displacement intensity factors are investigated for different dimensions of the medium. A double-edge cracked symmetric piezoelectric laminate under symmetric electro-mechanical load is also investigated. BLW would like to thank the National Science Foundation of China (#10102004) and the City University of Hong Kong for the support of this work (DAG #7100219). YGS also thanks the Multidiscipline Scientific Research Foundation Project (HIT. MD 2001. 39) of the Harbin Institute of Technology and the SRF for ROCS, SEM.     

Viscoelastic composite with a cracked layer under anti-plane shear

A viscoelastic cracked sandwich composite under anti-plane load is presented via the application of the Laplace transform and the complex variable formulation. Using a special technique of analytical continuation associated with the method of image, the triple-layered problem is reduced to a singular function by simple algebraic manipulations. The superposition method and the singular integral equation is applied to deal with the concentrated load and crack problem. Finally, some typical viscoelastic models and its corresponding stresses and stress intensity factors are also discussed. The results show that the time dependent stress intensity factor is affected by the relative strength of creep compliances of each layer.