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1.
基于三维数字图像相关方法(3D-DIC)的拉伸实验研究了铸铁的拉伸力学性能,分别得到了应力—应变曲线、弹性模量、抗拉强度、延伸率等拉伸力学性能参数.将3D-DIC应力—应变的测试结果与目前实验中使用广泛的接触式引伸计方法的实验结果作了对比,得到两者的应力—应变曲线基本重合,弹性模量相差不超过4%.此外,还对3D-DIC和机械引伸计的应变绝对误差和相对误差作了详细比较,实验表明3D-DIC在铸铁拉伸力学性能测试中具有足够的应变测量精度,完全可以取代传统引伸计成为一种有效的非接触式变形测量手段.  相似文献   

2.
水稻茎秆力学性能的准确描述是水稻抗倒伏力学分析的关键。由于茎秆是由生物活性材料组成的形状不规则柔性结构,传统的测试方法难以对其力学性能进行准确测量。以南方水稻为研究对象,采用拉伸试验机对水稻茎秆进行了拉伸试验。首先采用传统的应变片方法测量应变,继而探索采用图像分析法实现非接触、高精度地测量水稻茎秆的截面尺寸、拉伸变形。用数字摄像机记录不同荷载水平下试件表面的数字图像,采用数字图像相关分析法(DIC)进行分析,通过两种方法计算茎秆的轴向应变;将完成拉伸实验的试件切片,采集其横截面的数字图像,通过数字图像分析技术得到其几何特性,并对大量实验数据进行了统计分析,实现了对水稻茎秆弹性模量、抗弯刚度等的合理描述。实验结果表明,采用传统的应变片测量求得的水稻茎秆的弹性模量的离散性极大,超出样本差异性的范围,而采用数字图像分析方法得到的弹性模量、抗弯刚度的结果有一定的离散性,但分布比较合理,比较准确地反映了水稻茎秆相关的力学性能。  相似文献   

3.
皮下组织对羟基磷灰石力学性质的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
将羟基磷灰石试样植入大白鼠的皮下组织20\,d后取出,然后采用数字图像 相关方法研究纤维组织对人造羟基磷灰石的力学性质的影响. 测量了两种试样:植入大白鼠 皮下组织的羟基磷灰石试样和未经植入的羟基磷灰石试样. 得到了羟基磷灰石完整的应力- 应变曲线;还测量了压缩极限应力. 实验结果表明羟基磷灰石的应力-应变曲线在断裂前呈良 好的线性关系;皮下纤维组织能使羟基磷灰石材料的弹性模量和强度增加, 20\,d后使羟基磷 灰石的弹性模量增加了29.06{\%}, 压缩极限应力增加了28.71%.  相似文献   

4.
吕德斯效应是多种金属和合金材料由于屈服阶段的不均匀变形而在材料表面产生条带状褶皱的现象,它会使冲压件表面质量降低.为了防止它的出现,对吕德斯效应进行研究变得非常重要.采用小视场(15 mm×15 mm)下三维数字图像相关方法对小尺寸低碳钢试件在单轴拉伸载荷作用下的变形场进行测量,实际观测了小尺寸试件的吕德斯效应,结合理论模型解释了其形成机理,并分析了吕德斯带传播过程中应变及应变率的变化规律.实验研究表明,运用三维数字图像相关方法测量试件表面变形场,实现了对小尺寸低碳钢试件的吕德斯带演化过程以及颈缩、断裂等细观力学行为的观测,该方法是研究材料变形细观机理的一种有效测量手段.  相似文献   

5.
吕德斯效应是多种金属和合金材料由于屈服阶段的不均匀变形而在材料表面产生条带状褶皱的现象,它会使冲压件表面质量降低. 为了防止它的出现,对吕德斯效应进行研究变得非常重要. 采用小视场(15mm×15 mm)下三维数字图像相关方法对小尺寸低碳钢试件在单轴拉伸载荷作用下的变形场进行测量,实际观测了小尺寸试件的吕德斯效应,结合理论模型解释了其形成机理,并分析了吕德斯带传播过程中应变及应变率的变化规律.实验研究表明,运用三维数字图像相关方法测量试件表面变形场,实现了对小尺寸低碳钢试件的吕德斯带演化过程以及颈缩、断裂等细观力学行为的观测,该方法是研究材料变形细观机理的一种有效测量手段.  相似文献   

6.
骨细胞培养过程对羟基磷灰石力学性质影响的研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
采用数字图像相关方法研究骨细胞对人造羟基磷灰石力学性质的影响.采用了三种试样:羟基磷灰石试样、培养了骨细胞的羟基磷灰石试样、用戊二醛溶液浸泡的羟基磷灰石试样(与培养骨细胞同样环境但不培养骨细胞).研究得到了试样完整的应力-应变曲线;同时测出弹性模量和泊松比,还测量了压缩极限应力.实验结果表明试样的应力-应变曲线在断裂前呈良好的线性关系;戊二醛溶液不影响羟基磷灰石的弹性模量和泊松比,但会使压缩极限应力降低;骨细胞培养过程能使羟基磷灰石材料的弹性模量和强度增加(所培养的骨细胞约占表面积3.75%).对照显示,羟基磷灰石培养骨细胞后其弹性模量增加了15.2%,压缩极限应力增加了26.1%.  相似文献   

7.
高强度钢在建筑等工程领域发挥着极为重要的作用,因此准确测定其力学性能具有至关重要的意义.鉴于传统机械引伸计在小尺寸试样变形测试中的不便性,利用三维数字图像相关(3D-DIC)方法,对8.8级螺栓和Q690钢这两类试样在单轴拉伸试验全过程中的变形进行了测试,分别得到了应力—应变曲线、弹性模量、屈服强度、强度极限、断后延伸率和断面收缩率,由于试样在屈服阶段应变增加而应力基本不变,因此同时研究了该阶段中试样从弹性变形演化到塑性变形的发展规律.实验结果表明三维DIC在小尺寸试样力学性能测试方面具有很强的优越性,可用来灵活地测量变形并研究变形的演化规律.  相似文献   

8.
采用数字图像相关法实验研究了热喷涂制作的热障涂层的弹性模量和残余应力。首先,采用三点弯测试方法对热障涂层试件进行加载,并利用二维数字图像相关方法对热障涂层试件加装过程中的弯曲变形进行了精确的测量,进而获得了热障涂层在受拉和受压两种状态下的弹性模量,结果表明,受拉时热障涂层试件陶瓷层的弹性模量为31GPa,而受压时其弹性模量为34GPa。其次,基于内力平衡,推导了考虑曲率变化的涂层残余应力计算公式;利用三维数字图像相关法测量了喷涂前后基体曲率的变化,进而获得了涂层残余应力的大小,结果表明,热喷涂后的热障涂层残余应力为压应力,大小为-86^-70MPa。  相似文献   

9.
开展基于数字图像相关方法的材料低温变形测试技术的应用性研究,对材料低温力学性能的研究工作具有重要意义。本文首先将数字图像相关方法与低温拉伸系统相结合,建立了一套适用于测量低温环境下薄膜材料全场变形的测试系统。利用该系统测量了纯铜薄膜在-100℃~20℃范围内的热变形,实验结果与文献数据吻合良好,验证了该系统具有较高可靠性与准确性。其次,利用该系统对不同TiO_2含量的二氧化钛/聚酰亚胺(TiO_2/PI)纳米杂化薄膜进行低温(-60℃~18℃)单轴拉伸实验,获得了不同含量TiO_2/PI纳米杂化薄膜低温应力-应变曲线、弹性模量及泊松比,结果表明:不同含量的TiO_2/PI薄膜随温度降低,其应力-应变曲线线性趋势加强,弹性模量均有不同程度的提高,随着TiO_2纳米颗粒的引入和含量的增加,TiO_2/PI薄膜弹性模量也有明显提高;而TiO_2/PI薄膜泊松比随温度的下降和TiO_2颗粒的引入,均有不同程度的降低,但纯PI薄膜泊松比的降低随温度的下降并不显著。  相似文献   

10.
汽车钢板材料由于厚度较薄,在低周应变疲劳性能测试中,试样容易发生屈曲,并且受限于试验段的标距,无法使用传统机械式引伸计进行应变的测量,在工程中,其低周疲劳性能的测试是一项技术难点.论文基于数字图像相关技术,提出了一种非接触式的光学引伸计,结合光学显微镜头和防屈曲装置,实现材料表面应变的实时监测.该动态应变测量系统使用普通的CCD相机,采用了优化的计算方法,应变测量的频率可以高达60 Hz.该动态应变测试技术可以广泛地应用于各个工程领域的动态变形测量.  相似文献   

11.
In this study, digital image correlation (DIC) was adopted to examine the mechanical behavior of arterial tissue from bovine aorta. Rectangular sections comprised of the intimal and medial layers were excised from the descending aorta and loaded in displacement control uniaxial tension up to 40 percent elongation. Specimens of silicon rubber sheet were also prepared and served as a benchmark material in the application of DIC for the evaluation of large strains; the elastomer was loaded to 50 percent elongation. The arterial specimens exhibited a non-linear hyperelastic stress-strain response and the stiffness increased with percent elongation. Using a bilinear model to describe the uniaxial behavior, the average minor and major elastic modulii were 192±8 KPa and 912±40 KPa, respectively. Poisson's ratio of the arterial sections increased with the magnitude of axial strain; the average Poisson's ratio was 0.17±0.02. Although the correlation coefficient obtained from image correlation decreased with the percent elongation, a correlation coefficient greater than 0.8 was achieved for the tissue experiments and exceeded that obtained in the evaluation of the elastomer. Based on results from this study, DIC may serve as a valuable method for the determination of mechanical properties of arteries and other soft tissues.  相似文献   

12.
数字全息计量技术及其在微小位移测量中的应用   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
数字全息是用数字的方式记录和处理全息图像,避免了传统全息照相的化学处理,既简化了处理过程,更便于用数字图像处理的方式来改进图像质量和提取信息。数字全息干涉计量技术是一种全场、非接触的光学测量方法,该方法测量精度高,光路简单,对防振要求低,实验条件容易满足,特别适合微小物体的微小位移或变形的精确测量。本文运用数字全息干涉计量法测定了两端固支梁的微小离面位移;经实验验证数字全息计量术能精确测量物体0.01微米量级位移或变形;而且该方法可靠性好、成本低;是非接触的无损测量。数字全息计量技术的这些特点使得该技术在小物体的微小变形测量上具有特别的优越性,因而在MEMS结构及MEMS材料参数(如弹性模量、泊松比、热变形系数等)的测定中有广阔的应用前景。  相似文献   

13.
This study deals with the identification of macroscopic elastic parameters of a layer-to-layer interlock woven composite from a full-field measurement. As this woven composite has a coarse microstructure, the characteristic length of the weaving is not small as compared to the specimen size. A procedure based on an inverse identification method and full-field digital image correlation kinematic measurement is proposed to exploit a three-point bending test on short coupons to characterize the out-of-plane shear modulus. Each step of the proposed procedure is presented, and their respective uncertainty is characterized with the help of numerical simulations. The shear modulus is identified with an accuracy of about 1.5 % and is 15 % lower than the estimate obtained through Iosipescu tests. The proposed procedure shows a correlation between the ideal mesh size and the weaving period. It also reveals that the actual boundary conditions deviate from the ideal ones and hence a special attention is paid to their optimization.  相似文献   

14.
数字散斑相关方法用于PMMA弹性模量的测量   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
通过三点弯载荷实验,利用数字散斑相关方法得到了试件载荷过 程中对应的载荷-位移曲线. 依据实验中试件载荷前后位移的变化量,对常用 工程材料PMMA的弹性模量进行了测定. 实验数据表明所测弹性模量较为真实、客观, 相对误差较小. 该研究方法为同类材料未知弹性模量的测定提供了一种行之有效的 测量途径.  相似文献   

15.
A new microscale uniaxial tension experimental method was developed to investigate the strain rate dependent mechanical behavior of freestanding metallic thin films for MEMS. The method allows for highly repeatable mechanical testing of thin films for over eight orders of magnitude of strain rate. Its repeatability stems from the direct and full-field displacement measurements obtained from optical images with at least 25 nm displacement resolution. The method is demonstrated with micron-scale, 400-nm thick, freestanding nanocrystalline Pt specimens, with 25 nm grain size. The experiments were conducted in situ under an optical microscope, equipped with a digital high-speed camera, in the nominal strain rate range 10−6–101 s−1. Full field displacements were computed by digital image correlation using a random speckle pattern generated onto the freestanding specimens. The elastic modulus of Pt, E = 182 ± 8 GPa, derived from uniaxial stress vs. strain curves, was independent of strain rate, while its Poisson’s ratio was v = 0.41 ± 0.01. Although the nanocrystalline Pt films had the elastic properties of bulk Pt, their inelastic property values were much higher than bulk and were rate-sensitive over the range of loading rates. For example, the elastic limit increased by more than 110% with increasing strain rate, and was 2–5 times higher than bulk Pt reaching 1.37 GPa at 101 s−1.  相似文献   

16.
The principal stresses in the vicinity of the crack tip in a rubber sheet have been determined experimentally by measuring the strain field with the aid of an imprinted grid work and calculating the stresses by assuming neo-Hookean material behavior. The principal stresses in the crack-tip vicinity are presented graphically. A correlation between the measured maximum tensile stress on the crack axis and that obtained from infinitesimal-elasticity theory is established. Information is given which provides bounds on the loading and deformation within which a large-deformation elastic analysis is valid before geometric deformations due to tearing must be considered.  相似文献   

17.
有限宽板孔边弹塑性变形测试   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
测量应变集中区域的弹塑性变形,对于研究材料损伤或微裂纹的产生,以预防宏观裂纹的产生及扩展具有重要的意义。为给航空发动机轮盘的损伤容限设计研究提供相关材料的力学实验参数,做了两个有限宽中心带孔试件的拉伸试验。试验中,采用单调逐级加、卸栽的循环加栽方式,并应用自动网格法和数字图像相关技术测量了孔用的全场位移分布。再应用最小二乘法将离散的位移分量拟合成二元多项式函数,求解出拉伸方向的应变分布,并给出孔边应力σ与孔边应变εy的关系曲线。  相似文献   

18.
Optical full-field measurement methods are now widely applied in various domains. In general, the displacement fields can be directly obtained from the measurement, however in mechanical analysis strain fields are preferred. To extract strain fields from noisy displacement fields is always a challenging topic. In this study, a finite element method for smoothing displacement fields and calculating strain fields is proposed. An experimental test case on a holed aluminum specimen under tension is applied to validate this method. The heterogeneous displacement fields are measured by digital image correlation (DIC). By this proposed method, the result shows that the measuring noise on experimental displacement fields can be successfully removed, and strain fields can be reconstructed in the arbitrary area.  相似文献   

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