各向异性本构关系在板料成形数值模拟中的应用

对几种能表达面内各向异性的屈服准则Hill、Barlat-Lian、Barlat进行了比较。以弹性变形服从各向同性广义虎克定律的情况下，给出了基于张量算法推导的弹塑性本构关系的一般表达式，并由此导出了相应屈服准则的弹塑性本构关系的显式表达。借助ABAQUS软件本构模块用户子程序接口，分别实现了这些屈服准则在ABAQUS的嵌入。以模拟方形盒的拉延过程为例，分析了不同的屈服准则在板料成形过程数值模拟中的应用。模拟结果表明，基于弹塑性本构关系一般表达所列出的相应屈服准则的显式表达式是正确的；在采用壳元来模拟板料成形时，采用Barlat准则的模拟结果和采用Barlat-Lian准则的结果差别不大。     

边坡稳定的剪切带计算

为了解决边坡稳定分析中剪切带有限元网格的依赖性问题,采用梯度塑性理论,从本构关系中引入特征长度入手,建立计算模型。提出了一种8节点缩减积分的梯度塑性单元,并采用梯度塑性理论推导了Drucker-Prager屈服准则的软化模型的有限元格式,在ABAQUS中进行了二次开发,嵌入了本文提出的8节点单元和本构模型,并用ABAQUS软件进行了边坡剪切带的计算。计算结果表明,本文提出的方法消除了经典有限元计算的网格依赖性问题,可以得到与单元剖分无关的稳定的剪切带宽度。本文所提出的方法可适用于其他场合的剪切带计算。     

连续胶体材料化学-力学耦合有限元理论及其在ABAQUS中UEL程序实现

基于哈密顿原理,得到水凝胶的化学-力学耦合控制方程的等效积分形式和有限元形式。在整体坐标系下推导出用形函数表示的化学-力学耦合应变矩阵和单元刚度矩阵,并且得到在局部坐标系下的离散化形式。结合ABAQUS软件,编制了用户单元子程序UEL,通过数值算例验证了所开发单元的正确性,为在ABAQUS软件中实现各种耦合问题的有限元UEL编程提供了参考依据。     

循环载荷下随动硬化模型的数值迭代算法

在Von-Mises屈服准则及正交流动准则的前提下,建立了循环载荷下叠加型A-F(Armstrong-Frederick)非线性随动强化模型的迭代算法,并根据塑性应变增量的收敛控制实现内部的平衡迭代。为验证本文数值方法的正确性,以Chaboche和Ohno-Abde-Karim随动硬化模型为例,将本文方法的计算结果与通用有限元软件ANSYS的分析结果及试验数据进行了比较,均吻合良好,验证了本文算法的可靠性。     

预应力约束下混凝土梁端的边角受压极限承载力分析

根据摩尔库伦破坏准则,提出梁端混凝土在预应力钢筋约束下的边角受压极限承载力的计算方法,并得出极限承载力理论值.通过与有限元软件ABAQUS计算出梁端混凝土在预应力钢筋约束下的边角受压极限承载力结果进行比较,发现摩尔库伦破坏准则所得的理论公式与数值分析结果相近,验证了本文推导的理论公式的正确性.该理论公式表明,预应力能较好地改善梁端混凝土的受力状态,提升梁端的极限承载力.     

ANALYSIS OF ULTIMATE BEARING CAPACITY OF PRESTRESSING CONCRETE BEAM END UNDER CORNER PRESSURE

根据摩尔库伦破坏准则，提出梁端混凝土在预应力钢筋约束下的边角受压极限承载力的计算方法，并得出极限承载力理论值.通过与有限元软件ABAQUS计算出梁端混凝土在预应力钢筋约束下的边角受压极限承载力结果进行比较，发现摩尔库伦破坏准则所得的理论公式与数值分析结果相近，验证了本文推导的理论公式的正确性.该理论公式表明，预应力能较好地改善梁端混凝土的受力状态，提升梁端的极限承载力.     

闭孔泡沫铝的多轴唯象受压本构参数

基于显微计算机断层扫描影像信息, 逆向重建闭孔泡沫铝试件的三维细观有限元模型, 定量研究闭孔泡沫铝在多轴压缩载荷作用下的大变形力学行为. 讨论了泡沫金属唯象弹塑性本构参数的确定方法, 根据计算结果确定了3 个有代表性的泡沫材料本构模型的本构参数, 并验证了这些本构模型在描述多轴压缩应力状态下的精度. 研究表明, 对于单轴压缩, 3 个本构模型的屈服面均有很好的精度;对于静水压缩, 有限元软件"ABAQUS"的可压缩泡沫本构模型屈服面会发生严重偏离, 陈-卢本构模型"屈服面" 略微低估静水压缩的屈服应力, 而体积强化本构模型的屈服面有很好的精度.     

屈服准则及切线模量修正的弹塑性计算模型

为提高不同应力状态下金属弹塑性行为的模拟精度,采用含应力三轴度修正的von Mises屈服准则,材料弹塑性本构关系在等效应力-等效应变曲线基础上,提出一个切线模量为主应力函数的理论修正项.将这两个修正项结合,以子程序形式编程嵌入ABAQUS主程序,以此模拟几种不同形状试样的弹塑性行为,并将其他屈服准则在单一曲线假设下编程与之对比.模拟结果与真实试验结果对比发现,对于屈服而言,含应力三轴度修正的von Mises屈服准则比其他屈服理论准确;对于弹塑性阶段计算而言,提出的切线模量为主应力函数这一假设比单一曲线假设更加接近真实试验.     

基于非关联流动规律的Gotoh屈服准则的参数确定方法

屈服准则对板料成形过程的理论解析、工艺优化和有限元模拟有着重要的影响. 通过提高屈服准则的各向异性表征能力, 可以确保成形过程的可靠性及实际预测的准确性. 本文基于非关联流动法则, 给出了Gotoh屈服准则一套全新的参数求解方法. 在结合常用屈服准则并考虑流动规律的基础上, 分别以5754O铝合金、DP980先进高强钢和SAPH440结构钢作为研究对象, 进行了不同加载路径下各向异性变形行为的预测. 根据Gotoh屈服准则推导的屈服函数、塑性势函数以及基于关联流动的理论函数计算出屈服应力和各向异性指数$r$值随加载角度的分布趋势, 进而针对平面应力状态的屈服轨迹展开分析, 验证了不同屈服准则和流动规律对各向异性屈服行为的预测精度. 理论与实验数据对比结果表明: 不同屈服准则针对同种板料在流动规律一致的情形下其表征各向异性的能力有显著差异; 相同屈服准则基于不同流动规律其表征能力也具有明显差别. 基于非关联流动的屈服准则能极大地提高精度, 各向异性表征能力显著加强. 相关结果能够为各向异性屈服准则在塑性成形领域的实际应用方案提供重要参考.      

基于非关联流动规律的Gotoh屈服准则的参数确定方法

屈服准则对板料成形过程的理论解析、工艺优化和有限元模拟有着重要的影响.通过提高屈服准则的各向异性表征能力,可以确保成形过程的可靠性及实际预测的准确性.本文基于非关联流动法则,给出了Gotoh屈服准则一套全新的参数求解方法.在结合常用屈服准则并考虑流动规律的基础上,分别以5754O铝合金、DP980先进高强钢和SAPH440结构钢作为研究对象,进行了不同加载路径下各向异性变形行为的预测.根据Gotoh屈服准则推导的屈服函数、塑性势函数以及基于关联流动的理论函数计算出屈服应力和各向异性指数r值随加载角度的分布趋势,进而针对平面应力状态的屈服轨迹展开分析,验证了不同屈服准则和流动规律对各向异性屈服行为的预测精度.理论与实验数据对比结果表明:不同屈服准则针对同种板料在流动规律一致的情形下其表征各向异性的能力有显著差异;相同屈服准则基于不同流动规律其表征能力也具有明显差别.基于非关联流动的屈服准则能极大地提高精度,各向异性表征能力显著加强.相关结果能够为各向异性屈服准则在塑性成形领域的实际应用方案提供重要参考.     

Evaluation of advanced anisotropic models with mixed hardening for general associated and non-associated flow metal plasticity

The main objective of this paper is to develop a generalized finite element formulation of stress integration method for non-quadratic yield functions and potentials with mixed nonlinear hardening under non-associated flow rule. Different approaches to analyze the anisotropic behavior of sheet materials were compared in this paper. The first model was based on a non-associated formulation with both quadratic yield and potential functions in the form of Hill’s (1948). The anisotropy coefficients in the yield and potential functions were determined from the yield stresses and r-values in different orientations, respectively. The second model was an associated non-quadratic model (Yld2000-2d) proposed by Barlat et al. (2003). The anisotropy in this model was introduced by using two linear transformations on the stress tensor. The third model was a non-quadratic non-associated model in which the yield function was defined based on Yld91 proposed by Barlat et al. (1991) and the potential function was defined based on Yld89 proposed by Barlat and Lian (1989). Anisotropy coefficients of Yld91 and Yld89 functions were determined by yield stresses and r-values, respectively. The formulations for the three models were derived for the mixed isotropic-nonlinear kinematic hardening framework that is more suitable for cyclic loadings (though it can easily be derived for pure isotropic hardening). After developing a general non-associated mixed hardening numerical stress integration algorithm based on backward-Euler method, all models were implemented in the commercial finite element code ABAQUS as user-defined material subroutines. Different sheet metal forming simulations were performed with these anisotropic models: cup drawing processes and springback of channel draw processes with different drawbead penetrations. The earing profiles and the springback results obtained from simulations with the three different models were compared with experimental results, while the computational costs were compared. Also, in-plane cyclic tension–compression tests for the extraction of the mixed hardening parameters used in the springback simulations were performed for two sheet materials.     

Characterization of mechanical properties by indentation tests and FE analysis – validation by application to a weld zone of DP590 steel

In this work, the mechanical properties of the metal active gas (MAG) weld zone and heat affected zone (HAZ) were characterized utilizing the continuous indentation method together with its finite element (FEM) analysis. To verify the measured properties, uni-axial tension and three point bending tests were performed for DP590 welded specimens. For numerical simulations, the isotropic hardening law was assumed along with the non-quadratic anisotropic yield function, Yld2000-2d. As for the failure criterion of the base material and weld zones particularly for the failure evaluation in the uni-axial tension test, Hill’s bifurcation theory and the M–K theory were applied to calculate the forming limit diagrams considering all measured properties including strain-rate sensitivity.     

预应力约束下混凝土梁端的边角受压极限承载力分析1）

根据摩尔库伦破坏准则，提出梁端混凝土在预应力钢筋约束下的边角受压极限承载力的计算方法，并得出极限承载力理论值。通过与有限元软件ABAQUS计算出梁端混凝土在预应力钢筋约束下的边角受压极限承载力结果进行比较，发现摩尔库伦破坏准则所得的理论公式与数值分析结果相近，验证了本文推导的理论公式的正确性。该理论公式表明，预应力能较好地改善梁端混凝土的受力状态，提升梁端的极限承载力。     

工程结构用钢屈强比分析与探讨

论文以T型管节点为例,建立FEMAP有限元模型,利用大型有限元软件ABAQUS进行数值计算,研究屈强比对于钢结构承载能力的影响.并在此基础上,研究影响钢结构承载能力的其它因素,得出钢结构的承载能力是屈强比、屈服强度、静力韧度、几何参数等共同作用的结果,从而为以后钢结构的工程设计提供一个明确的思路.     

确定复合材料宏观屈服准则的细观力学方法

运用细观力学中的均匀化方法，分析了含周期性微结构复合材料的宏观屈服准则，并对Hill-Tsai准则进行了修正。从基于复合材料细观结构的代表性胞元入手，运用塑性极限理论中的机动分析以及有限元方法，计算了细观结构的极限载荷域。通过宏细观尺度对应关系，得到复合材料的宏观屈服准则。     

基于内聚力理论的二维二次界面单元在ABAQUS中的UEL程序实现

依据有限元理论,结合内聚力模型法则,推导出二维二次粘结界面单元在大位移情况下的数值格式,得到用形函数表示的单元位移模式、载荷向量和刚度矩阵,并进行了离散化。基于ABAQUS软件的自定义扩展模块,编制了相应的用户单元子程序UEL,通过数值算例验证了该程序的准确性和有效性。这一成果能为在ABAQUS软件中开展相关数值研究,以及开发其他类型的内聚力界面有限单元提供思路和参考。     

Prediction of six or eight ears in a drawn cup based on a new anisotropic yield function

In this work, the recently proposed anisotropic yield function, Yld2004-18p [Barlat, F., Aretz, H., Yoon, J.W., Karabin, M.E., Brem, J.C., Dick, R.E., 2005. Linear transformation based anisotropic yield function, Int. J. Plasticity 21, 1009], is implemented in a finite element (FE) code for application to the cup drawing simulation of a circular blank sheet. A short review of the Yld2004-18p relevant features is provided and the stress integration scheme for its implementation in FE codes is described. The simulation of the drawing process is conducted for an aluminum alloy sheet sample (AA2090-T3). The predicted and experimental cup height profiles (earing profiles) with six ears are shown to be in excellent agreement. Additional simulations on a ficticious material are performed in order to show that the yield function Yld2004-18p can lead to the prediction of cups with eight ears. In order to achieve these results, a sufficient number of input data are required to calculate the yield function coefficients. Finally, a simplified analytical approach that relates the earing profile to the r-value directionality is also presented in this paper. It is shown that this approach can be very useful as a first approximation of the earing profile of drawn cups.     

New convex yield functions for orthotropic metal plasticity

Two new yield functions for orthotropic sheet metals are proposed. The first one, called Yld2011-18p, provides 18 parameters that may be calibrated to experimental data. The second one, called Yld2011-27p, is a straightforward extension and provides 27 parameters. Both yield functions are unconditionally convex. Their formulations are based on the established concept of multiple linear transformations of the stress deviator. Furthermore, they are able to account for planar as well as for three-dimensional stress states. The proposed yield functions are applied to describe complex plastic anisotropies of different alloys. The ability of accurately predicting earing in cup-drawing is demonstrated by means of a non-linear finite element analysis.