管材包裹混凝土柱轴压细观力学数值模拟

将不同模量管材包裹下的轴压混凝土圆柱构件内部混凝土看作由骨料、砂浆骨料过渡层、砂浆组成的三相复合材料,利用骨料随机投放程序确定骨料在试件中的随机位置,并考虑各相材料的弹塑性性质,建立了构件的三维非线性细观分析模型.通过对不同模量管材(PE,HDPE,PVC,钢)包裹下的轴压混凝土圆柱的内部细现力学性能进行分析,探讨不同材料外包下轴压混凝上柱破坏的开展与其内部各种材料(如骨料、过渡层、砂浆等)及外部包裹材料的细观受力状况的关系.     

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将不同模量管材包裹下的轴压混凝土圆柱构件内部混凝土看作由骨料、砂浆骨料过渡层、砂浆组成的三相复合材料,利用骨料随机投放程序确定骨料在试件中的随机位置,并考虑各相材料的弹塑性性质,建立了构件的三维非线性细观分析模型。通过对不同模量管材(PE、HDPE、PVC、钢)包裹下的轴压混凝土圆柱的内部细观力学性能进行分析,探讨不同材料外包下轴压混凝土柱破坏的开展与其内部各种材料（如骨料、过渡层、砂浆等）及外部包裹材料的细观受力状况的关系。     

基于降阶均匀化理论的混凝土双尺度力学性能分析

混凝土材料细观特性对宏观力学性能有着重要影响。为进一步分析混凝土细观特性对宏观力学行为的影响规律,将混凝土材料简化为由骨料、砂浆和界面三相组成,编制了随机凸多面体骨料生成、投放和网格剖分算法,建立可用于有限元计算的满足级配要求的随机细观模型。针对直接使用细观力学模型计算量较大的问题,采用降阶均匀化理论,对混凝土细观胞元模型进行预处理并编制了相应的双尺度计算程序。对不同强度混凝土进行了单轴静态压缩双尺度计算,与实验数据和细观力学模拟结果符合较好。研究表明,降阶均匀化理论在加快求解速度的同时具有较高的精度,可以用于混凝土的多尺度力学性能分析。     

基于随机骨料模型混凝土动态性能数值模拟

将混凝土看作水泥砂浆与粗骨料组成的非均质复合材料。编写二级配圆形骨料混凝土随机投放程序对混凝土动态破坏过程进行数值模拟,分析粗骨料颗粒中间粒径和最大粒径对二级配混凝土动态特性的影响。数值模拟结果表明:随着粗骨料颗粒中间粒径的增加,混凝土在动荷载作用下峰值应力先增大,然后逐渐减小,粗骨料颗粒中间粒径为15mm时,峰值应力达到最大;随着二级配混凝土粗骨料颗粒粒径最大值的增加,混凝土在动荷载下峰值应力逐渐减小。     

基于Python-Abaqus的混凝土三维细观随机模型的建立

混凝土在细观层次上是由粗骨料、砂浆及两者间过渡区(界面层)组成的三相复合材料,建立一个能反映实际骨料级配、含量及形态的随机骨料模型是进行混凝土细观力学数值模拟的前提。本文通过编写Python脚本实现了Abaqus的二次开发,获得了含球形、椭球形(卵石)及凹凸型多面体(碎石)骨料并考虑了界面层的三维混凝土细观随机模型。结果表明,在三级配下可投放球形骨料的体分比可超过55%,对椭球和多面体骨料形状的模拟也较为真实。同时,提出了一种可提高骨料体积含量的布尔切割入侵判别法,并成功地对椭球骨料和多面体骨料进行了投放试验。由于程序已将粗骨料、砂浆和界面层自动分离,在进行网格剖分时可避免复杂的单元属性判别,得到的网格剖分满足粗骨料、砂浆及界面层网格协调性要求。最后,利用建立的几何模型进行了单轴压缩静力学数值模拟,进一步验证了混凝土细观随机模型的可靠性。     

单轴压缩条件下混凝土细观损伤演化机理的CT试验研究

混凝土是一种非均质的材料,在细观层次上将混凝土看作由骨料、砂浆和两者之间的界面组成的三相复合材料.本文在对混凝土进行单轴压缩试验的基础上,根据CT扫描图像反映的细观破损过程,分析了基于CT数平均值变化规律的特点;将混凝土材料的损伤过程进行了分段,提出了损伤变量的提取方法.随后结合试验得到的宏观应力应变曲线,经过拟合得到...     

珊瑚粗骨料海水混凝土力学性能试验研究

为了研究珊瑚粗骨料海水混凝土的力学性能,以拌养用水、粗骨料类型、混凝土强度为设计参数,设计和制作了12个珊瑚粗骨料混凝土、6个碎石粗骨料混凝土标准立方体试块,自然养护28d后进行轴压力学性能试验。观察了试块的受力破坏形态,获取了珊瑚粗骨料海水混凝土试块的单轴受压荷载-位移曲线,分析了各设计参数对珊瑚粗骨料海水混凝土的物理性能及力学性能的影响规律,并建立了珊瑚粗骨料海水混凝土单轴受压状态下的应力-应变本构方程。试验结果表明:珊瑚粗骨料海水混凝土试块的最终破坏形态为正倒相连的棱锥体;采用海水拌养混凝土时,可以提高混凝土的早期强度和轴压刚度;分别采用珊瑚和碎石作为粗骨料配制出的混凝土,同强度等级时,二者峰值荷载差异较小,但珊瑚粗骨料海水混凝土的峰值位移、轴压刚度均比碎石海水混凝土的小,且珊瑚粗骨料海水混凝土的损伤速率更快。拟合出的珊瑚粗骨料海水混凝土轴压本构方程与试验结果吻合较好,建议采用。     

基于3D细观模型的混凝土动态压缩行为分析

通过建立混凝土的3D细观模型,在细观尺度上分析动态压缩荷载作用下混凝土材料内部裂缝的产生和发展、损伤演化和动态强度及其影响因素。首先,基于传统的“生成-投放”法生成粒径、形状和空间分布均随机的凸多面体粗骨料模型,并通过骨料沉降和粒径缩放实现粗骨料的大体积率（达50%）和可调控;使用四面体网格划分骨料和砂浆表征其真实物理形状;使用界面粘结接触表征界面过渡区（ITZ）提升计算效率。进一步通过对比不同粗骨料粒径混凝土的分离式霍普金森压杆（SHPB）试验数据与模拟结果,如杆上应变时程、试件动态应力-应变曲线和试件损伤破坏模式,验证了建立的混凝土3D细观有限元模型、参数确定方法和数值仿真方法的准确性。最后,分析了30～100 s-1应变率范围内骨料粒径（4～8、10～14和22～26 mm）、体积率（20%、30%和40%）和类型（石灰岩、花岗岩和玄武岩）对混凝土动态压缩强度的影响。结果表明：粗骨料粒径增大,混凝土动态压缩强度先增大后减小;粗骨料体积率越高,混凝土动态压缩强度越大;混凝土动态压缩强度随粗骨料强度的增加而提高。     

GFRP管型钢再生混凝土组合柱轴压性能及承载力计算

通过对11根玻璃纤维(GFRP)管型钢再生混凝土组合柱的静力加载试验以研究其轴压性能,主要考虑再生粗骨料取代率、配钢率和长细比、再生混凝土强度等级等设计参数,重点分析试件破坏过程及形态、荷载-位移曲线、荷载-应变曲线和承载力等。结果表明:各试件试验过程及破坏形态相似,型钢先发生屈服,随后内部再生混凝土被压碎,最后外部GFRP管纤维撕裂破坏;试件轴压承载力随着取代率和长细比的增大而逐渐减小,其最大降幅分别为10.8%和9.5%;提高配钢率和再生混凝土强度对组合柱的轴压承载力是有利的,其最大增幅分别为14.1%和6.1%。在GFRP管的约束作用下,内部型钢再生混凝土处于三向受压状态,组合柱的承载力得到了显著提高。在此基础上,采用叠加原理并考虑再生粗骨料取代率及长细比的不利影响,提出GFRP管型钢再生混凝土组合柱的轴压承载力计算公式,计算值与试验吻合较好。     

骨料对混凝土材料冲击压缩行为的影响

利用大尺寸Hopkinson压杆，以实验数据为依据，研究了四种不同骨料尺寸的普通混凝土材料和两种不同配比的钢纤维增强混凝土材料在冲击载荷下的压缩强度，从唯象的角度分析了骨料性质及其粒径对混凝土材料动态压缩性能的影响及可能的力学机理，为在工程上更好地利用混凝土材料提供一定的理论和实验的支持。     

THE VISUAL EXPERIMENTAL TEACHING METHOD FOR MATERIAL FAILURE1)

基于数字图像相关技术,提出材料破坏过程可视化的实验教学方法,并以混凝土材料为例,介绍该方法在劈拉与单轴压缩实验中的应用及其效果。通过监测混凝土劈拉与压缩破坏过程,分析了该材料破坏模式,揭示了混凝土材料劈拉与压缩破坏机理。应用数字图像相关方法获得试件表面应变场分布,验证了材料破坏机理,并提出适用的破坏强度理论。     

Modelling of compressive behaviour of concrete-like materials at high strain rate

Uniaxial compression tests are the most common tests for characterizing the strength of concrete-like materials. The dynamic compression strength of concrete-like material is typically obtained by Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) tests. The increase in material strength under dynamic loading is usually attributed to the strain rate effect and modelled with a dynamic increase factor (DIF). However, it was observed by some researchers that the radial inertial confinement caused apparent increase of dynamic strength of concrete-like specimen in SHPB tests. They attributed the material strength increase to this inertial effect, instead of the strain rate effect. In the present study, numerical analyses are performed to investigate the compressive behaviour of concrete-like material at high strain rates. A homogeneous macroscale model and a heterogeneous mesoscale model are developed in the study. In the macroscale model, the material is assumed to be homogeneous and isotropic. In the mesoscale model, the test sample is modelled as a three-phase composite consisting of aggregate, mortar matrix and interfacial transaction zone (ITZ) between the aggregate and the mortar matrix. The aggregate is assumed to be circular and the ITZ is modelled as a thin boundary around the aggregate. In the both models, the materials are assumed to be insensitive to the strain rate first. Therefore, the obtained strength enhancement is only due to the inertial confinement. Strain rate sensitive material properties are then used in the two models in the calculations. Numerical simulations of the concrete samples under compression at different strain rates are carried out. The relative contribution of the inertial effect and the strain rate effect on the compressive strength DIF is examined based on the numerical results. The failure process of concrete specimen is also studied.     

An elastic micro-structural continuous damage model

The paper formulates a micro-structural continuous damage theory describing an anisotropic damage field. The model can be reduced to some of the major models well known at present, and the numerical analyses are compared with the experimental data of the concrete specimen under uniaxial tension and compression.     

混凝土单轴压缩下细观损伤特性的CT研究

混凝土是一种非均质的材料,在细观层次上将混凝土看作由骨料、砂浆和两者之间的界面组成的三相复合材料.本文利用CT技术对混凝土的细观损伤过程进行实时扫描观测,获得了混凝土试件实时静力压缩CT图像,提取出图像上各点的CT数并根据分区理论定义了一个基于CT数的统计损伤变量.通过对图像和CT数以及损伤变量的分析表明混凝土试件在静力压缩条件下经历了压密阶段、扩容阶段,损伤急剧增大到破坏的细观损伤演化全过程,以此反映了混凝土细观损伤演化的特性.进而通过细观损伤对混凝土材料裂纹的扩展、贯通以及最后失稳破坏的破坏实质进行了有益的探索.     

基于CT扫描的花岗岩三维数值试件重构模型及应用

本文以花岗岩试件为研究对象,借助于先进的CT技术获取试件内部结构切片图像,利用数字图像处理技术实现了基于CT图像的花岗岩试件结构的识别和表征,基于矢量化方法和岩石破裂过程分析系统RFPA3D建立了花岗岩三维数值试件,对花岗岩试件单轴压缩破裂过程进行了数值模拟。通过数值试验结果与物理实验结果对比发现,基于CT扫描的花岗岩数值试件的破裂模式与室内实验得到的破裂模式相似,为深入研究岩石、复合材料等力学特征提供了一种可行方法。     

Circumferential strain measurement for a concrete cylinder in uniaxial compression by a fiber optic sensor

This paper deals with circumferential strain measurement for concrete in uniaxial compression by using a fiber optic sensing system. A fiber optic sensing system was employed to measure the elongation of the optical fiber for a cylindrical concrete specimen in uniaxial compression by using white light interferometry. A theoretical model describing the relationship between the elongation of the fiber glass and the circumferential strain of cylindrical concrete specimen in uniaxial compression is proposed. Some tests were performed to verify the measurement method. The results indicate that the proposed method is valid.     

Synchronous multi-scale observations on rock damage and rupture

This paper reports a multi-scale study on damage evolution process and rupture of gabbro under uniaxial compression with several experimental techniques, including MTS810 testing machine, white digital speckle correlation method, and acoustic emission technique. In particular, the synchronization of the three experimental systems is realized for the study of relationship of deformation and damage at multiple scales. It is found that there are significant correlation between damage evolution at small and large length scales, and rupture at sample scale, especially it displays critical sensitivity at multiple scales and trans-scale fluctuations.     

An application of a damage constitutive model to concrete at high temperature and prediction of spalling

A characteristic feature of concrete under uniaxial compression is the development of cracks parallel to the loading direction. A damage constitutive model proposed by Ortiz [Ortiz, M., 1985. A constitutive theory for the inelastic behaviour of concrete. Mech. Mater. 4, 67–93] can predict the transverse tensile stress responsible for these cracks by considering the interaction between the aggregate and the mortar and the development of damage in the latter. When concrete is exposed to high temperature, as is the case during fire, the failure mode is thermal spalling. In order to improve the prediction of the stresses involved in this failure Ortiz’s model is extended to account for the effects of high temperature. Published experimental results for uniaxial and biaxial compression at high temperatures are used to calibrate the temperature dependence of some of the material properties. The transient creep strain is accounted for by modifying the constrained thermal strain. The stress analysis is coupled with hygro-thermal analysis of heat, mass transfer and pore pressure build-up. The effect of pore pressure on the damage evolution is modeled by applying a body force in the stress analysis module proportional to the pressure gradient. A numerical example of concrete under fire is solved and the computed results are discussed. Spalling is predicted when the damage variable reaches its maximum value of unity. The predicted depth and time of spalling for a range of variation of permeability and initial liquid water content are presented. They are in good agreement with published experimental results.     

拉伸载荷下混凝土体分形内聚模型

在综合考虑混凝土试件微断裂面分形分布及断面分形演化基础上,提出了体分形内聚模型,用于描述混凝土试件在准静态拉伸载荷作用下的破坏行为。数值计算结果与现有实验数据吻合较好。此外,采用该模型分析了混凝土骨料级配对材料软化性质的影响。结果表明,在拉伸载荷作用下,混凝土骨料级配越均匀,材料的软化特征越明显。     

Specimen Size and Strain Rate Effects on the Compressive Behavior of Concrete

Three high-performance concrete (HPC) materials with different specimen geometries were characterized using Kolsky compression bar techniques to study the strain rate and specimen size effects on their uniaxial compressive strength. A large-diameter Kolsky bar and recently established annular pulse shaping technique were used to achieve dynamic stress equilibrium and constant strain-rate deformation in the experiments. A complimentary effort was conducted using a 19-mm-diameter Kolsky compression bar to understand the strain rate and specimen size effects on failure strength and dynamic increase factor (DIF) for concrete. It was found that, for all three concrete materials investigated, the failure strength is highly dependent on the specimen geometry, however such a relationship is not apparent for the DIF. The DIF observed in this study shows significantly lower values compared to historical data, which may indicate the importance of well-controlled dynamic testing conditions on the accuracy and validity of experimental results for concrete materials.