随机振动结构Von Mises应力过程峰值概率密度函数的研究

随机振动载荷作用下结构的多轴疲劳分析非常复杂,利用Von Mises应力准则将多轴应力转换为单轴应力是一条简单而有效的途径。在频域利用Von Mises应力对结构进行多轴疲劳分析的前提是必须获得Von Mises应力过程中应力循环的概率密度函数。本文利用平稳随机过程的穿越分析和极值的概率分析,给出了计算Von Mises应力过程峰值概率密度函数的公式,为进一步进行疲劳损伤及寿命分析打下了基础。     

立方晶体单晶材料屈服面的研究

将Hill屈服准则用于DD3镍基单晶合金屈服应力的预测，通过与试验结果比较发现，在760℃时的误差较大，根据立方单晶材料的屈服特点，用正应力偏张量平方与剪应力偏张量平方乘积项构成的应力不变量考虑单晶合金偏轴受载时存在的拉、剪应力耦合效应，提出了一个在工程上实用的新屈服准则．在新屈服准则中出现的参数可以通过单向拉伸试验确定，给出了确定这些参数的方法，并重新定义了适合新屈服准则的等效应力和等效应变，对各向同性材料，新屈服准则退化为Von Mises屈服准则，新定义的等效应力和等效应变退化为Von，Mises等效应力和等效应变，用新屈服准则对国产DD3单晶合金的屈服应力进行预测，能很好地符合试验结果；与Hill屈服准则比较，在760℃时的预测精度显提高。     

多轴载荷下缺口试件疲劳寿命预测研究

基于临界平面法,在分析光滑薄壁圆管试件疲劳寿命预测模型的基础上,借助有限元应力应变分析,进一步将模型推广应用到了缺口试件的多轴疲劳寿命预测中,并利用坐标变换原理,明确了临界平面及有效循环变量的确定方法.在存在平均应力的情况下,分析了平均应力对疲劳寿命的影响,并对所建模型进行了平均应力修正.     

多轴载荷下缺口试件疲劳寿命预测研究

基于临界平面法,在分析光滑薄壁圆管试件疲劳寿命预测模型的基础上,借助有限元应力应变分析,进一步将模型推广应用到了缺口试件的多轴疲劳寿命预测中,并利用坐标变换原理,明确了临界平面及有效循环变量的确定方法.在存在平均应力的情况下,分析了平均应力对疲劳寿命的影响,并对所建模型进行了平均应力修正.     

缺口件多轴疲劳寿命预估新方法

局部应力应变法(LSSM)以危险点处的局部应力应变历程进行寿命评价，忽略了非比例附加强化及缺口附近应力梯度对疲劳损伤的影响.论文通过分析裂纹萌生面(临界面)上剪应力和正应力分布状态，提出一种计算缺口件多轴疲劳损伤影响区的数学计算方法，建立考虑法向正/剪应力梯度与非比例附加强化效应的寿命预估模型.首先，基于能量法和临界面理论，借助坐标变换原理将应变能密度最大的材料平面定义为临界面，建立确定裂纹萌生方向的计算方法.其次，以临界面上特定路径为积分方向，将缺口件三维问题转化为线性问题，简化计算过程.综合考虑峰值应力和等效应力场强对多轴疲劳寿命的贡献度，建立表征缺口件多轴疲劳损伤演化过程的损伤参量.最后，通过TC4合金和Q345钢多轴疲劳试验验证论文模型的可行性和精确度，并与LSSM法、FS模型、SWT模型进行对比分析.     

基于临界平面法的多轴疲劳寿命估算模型研究

基于临界平面法，分析了WB模型的缺陷，发现：WB模型中的法向应变变程不能很好的反映材料非比例循环加载下的附加强化现象，且模型中的经验常数是一个与寿命相关的参数，该参数不能简单的利用拉伸和扭转疲劳极限来确定。为克服WB模型的缺陷，提出了一个新的多轴疲劳损伤参量，引入了一个新的应力相关因子，建立了新的寿命估算模型。新的损伤参量不含经验常数，应力相关因子能够反映材料非比例循环加载下的附加强化现象，所建模型能够精确估算材料的多轴疲劳寿命，便于工程应用。     

基于结构应力的焊接接头多轴高周疲劳寿命估算

该文对承受弯扭组合载荷下的焊接接头危险点焊趾处进行了疲劳应力分析.结合结构应力考察了在比例载荷和非比例载荷下焊趾处临界面上的应力分量;建立了基于结构应力和修改的W hler曲线法的临界面上多轴疲劳寿命估算方法;采用该方法对某管板焊接接头进行了多轴估算,将评定结果与文献中的疲劳试验数据做了比较,同包括欧洲钢结构规范3在内的其他的多轴疲劳评定方法相比,文中提出的多轴寿命估算结果最好,而且该方法具有网格划分不敏感性.     

多轴应力疲劳失效的基本准则

引言若机件各点的应力是交变应力,且各点或其中某些点的应力状态是复杂应力状态,机件在这种交变应力作用下的失效现象则称之为多轴应力疲劳现象,简称多轴应力疲劳.正像判断或预测金属材料开始产生塑性变形的条件称为屈服准则那样,人们把判断或预测发生多轴应力疲劳失效的规则(条件)称之为多轴应力疲劳失效准则.实际上,多轴应力疲劳失效准     

基于等效结构应力法的铸钢分叉节点环形对接焊缝的疲劳分析

为了掌握铸钢分叉节点与构件连接时焊缝的疲劳性能,利用等效结构应力法对铸钢分叉节点的环形对接焊缝进行了疲劳分析。通过等效结构应力场和缺口应力场确定网格不敏感结构应力,并综合考虑裂纹扩展、缺口应力和疲劳寿命等影响因素,实现等效结构应力的转化,再结合疲劳设计主S-N曲线对焊缝的疲劳寿命进行计算;在ABAQUS静力分析的基础上,利用基于等效结构应力法原理而开发的有限元分析软件FE-SAFE/VERITY,对铸钢分叉节点环形对接焊缝的疲劳寿命进行了分析。研究结果表明:铸钢分叉节点主管端部的环形对接焊缝最危险处的循环次数为105.711;等效结构应力法具有网格不敏感性,利用等效结构应力法能够较好地预测铸钢分叉节点环形对接焊缝的疲劳寿命。     

基于塑性应变能复杂应力场非比例加载疲劳寿命分析

本文提出了一种以应变能预测多轴应变加载低周疲劳寿命的新方法,该方法最大特点假设疲劳裂纹是由最大剪应力和其相对应的正应力引起,解决了其他方法不能反映非比例强化的问题;该方法建立等效内应力、外加有效应力与塑性应变能的关系,从而分析得到基于塑性应变能的多轴非比例疲劳寿命的计算模型,及多轴疲劳寿命公式中材料参数确定、剪应力及其所在平面所对应的正应力、塑性应变能等的获取方法.凭借Al5083、S460N材料光滑试件、GH4169材料缺口件、Al5083焊接件的多轴非比例加载进行寿命预测的验证,证明该模型可以预测不同材料、不同加载路径下的多轴非比例应变加载低周疲劳寿命.     

一种统一的多轴疲劳损伤参量

城分析多轴损伤临界面上的应变化特性的基础上,根据多轴疲劳临界损伤平面原理,提出利用多轴介面上的最大剪切应变幅与相临两个最大剪切应变值之间的法向应变幅所合成的ｖｏｎ Ｍｉｓｅｓ等效应变幅作为多轴疲劳损伤参量,该参量不含有任何材料常数,不仅能够适用于多轴比例与非比例加载下,而且可退化成单轴的形式,经四种材料的试验验证,结果是令人满意的。     

A unified multiaxial fatigue damage parameter

According to the critical plane principle, a unified multiaxial fatigue damage parameter is presented based on the varying behaviour of the strains of the critical plane. Both the parameters of the maximum shear strain amplitude and normal strain excursion between adjacent turning points of the maximum shear strain on the critical plane are considered in the multiaxial fatigue damage parameter presented. An equivalent strain amplitude is made with both parameters of the maximum shear strain amplitude and normal strain excursion by means of von Mises criterion. Thus a new multiaxial fatigue damage parameter proposed in this paper may be used under either proportional or nonproportional loading, and may also be reduced to a uniaxial form. It is used to predict multiaxial fatigue life and good agreement is demonstrated by experimental data. The project is supported by the National Doctoral Foundation of China and National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

A new distortion energy-based equivalent stress for multiaxial fatigue life prediction

A new equivalent stress amplitude expression has been developed for the assessment of fatigue life in components under multiaxial loading. The expression was generated by incorporating non-linear/plastic stress–strain relation into a mechanical energy calculation, and then applying the calculation to the distortion energy theory for a cyclic loading case. Therefore, the new uniaxial equivalent stress expression determines an appropriate stress amplitude value for multiaxial cyclic loading. The purpose of the equivalent stress value is to determine multiaxial fatigue failure using an energy-based fatigue life prediction criterion. The governing understanding behind the criterion states that the physical damage quantity for failure is equal to the accumulated strain energy in a monotonic fracture, which is also equal to the accumulated strain energy during fatigue failure. Using the new equivalent stress amplitude expression and the energy-based life prediction method, a comparison is made between prediction results and multiaxial empirical data. The multiaxial data was acquired by a vibration-based biaxial bending fatigue test and a torsion fatigue test with an assumed axial misalignment. The results of the comparison provide encouragement regarding the capability of the newly developed equivalent stress amplitude expression for fatigue life prediction.     

Multiaxial creep and cyclic plasticity in nickel-base superalloy C263

Physically-based constitutive equations for uniaxial creep deformation in nickel alloy C263 [Acta Mater. 50 (2002) 2917] have been generalised for multiaxial stress states using conventional von Mises type assumptions. A range of biaxial creep tests have been carried out on nickel alloy C263 in order to investigate the stress state sensitivity of creep damage evolution. The sensitivity has been quantified in C263 and embodied within the creep constitutive equations for this material. The equations have been implemented into finite element code. The resulting computed creep behaviour for a range of stress state compares well with experimental results. Creep tests have been carried out on double notched bar specimens over a range of nominal stress. The effect of the notches is to introduce multiaxial stress states local to the notches which influences creep damage evolution. Finite element models of the double notch bar specimens have been developed and used to test the ability of the model to predict correctly, or otherwise, the creep rupture lifetimes of components in which multiaxial stress states exist. Reasonable comparisons with experimental results are achieved. The γ^′ solvus temperature of C263 is about 925 °C, so that thermo-mechanical fatigue (TMF) loading in which the temperature exceeds the solvus leads to the dissolution of the γ^′ precipitate, and a resulting solution treated material. The cyclic plasticity and creep behaviour of the solution treated material is quite different to that of the material with standard heat treatment. A time-independent cyclic plasticity model with kinematic and isotropic hardening has been developed for solution treated and standard heat treated nickel-base superalloy C263. It has been combined with the physically-based creep model to provide constitutive equations for TMF in C263 over the temperature range 20–950 °C, capable of predicting deformation and life in creep cavitation-dominated TMF failure.     

Elastic–plastic FE analysis of a notched shaft under multiaxial nonproportional synchronous cyclic loading

An elastic–plastic finite element analysis is presented for a notched shaft subjected to multiaxial nonproportional synchronous cyclic tension/torsion loading. The elastic–plastic material property is described by the von Mises yield criterion and the kinematic hardening rule of Prager/Ziegler. The finite element program system ABAQUS is used to solve the boundary value problem. Special emphasis is given to explore the effects of the stress amplitude, the mean-stress, and the mutual interactions on the local stress–strain responses at the notch root.     

纤维增强树脂基复合材料多轴疲劳研究进展

纤维增强树脂基复合材料结构在工程应用中常常承受复杂载荷的作用, 从而使材料处于多 轴循环应力条件下. 为了更加合理地进行复合材料结构设计, 必须对复合材料多轴疲劳行为 进行深入的研究, 建立比较理想的复合材料疲劳寿命预测模型. 首先简单回顾了复合材 料单轴疲劳损伤判据及其寿命预测模型, 然后结合作者的研究结果, 总结了近年来国内外纤 维增强树脂基复合材料多轴疲劳理论的研究成果, 对各种失效准则、疲劳寿命预测模型进行 了较为深入的分析, 指出了它们各自的特点及其存在的问题, 并对复合材料多轴疲劳理论的 研究趋势作出了展望. 最后, 对目前常用的复合材料多轴疲劳实验方法进行了总结, 并指出 了各种方法的优缺点及其实验中存在的困难.     

一种新的多轴非比例低周疲劳寿命预测临界面模型

工程结构在服役过程中往往承受着复杂的多轴非比例循环荷载,在长期动力载荷作用下结构构件的失效主要为多轴非比例疲劳破坏.文中基于圆管薄壁试件在拉-扭复合加载情况下的多轴疲劳试验结果,对比了广泛讨论的Kandil-Brown-Miller(KBM)模型和Fatemi-Socie(FS)模型对多轴非比例疲劳寿命的预测能力,分析了非比例加载条件引起多轴疲劳附加损伤的原因;针对FS模型对不存在非比例附加强化的材料多轴疲劳寿命预测的不足,提出了一个能考虑非比例加载路径变化和材料附加强化效应双重作用的非比例影响因子,参照FS准则提出了一种新的多轴非比例低周疲劳寿命预测临界面模型.利用5种材料的多轴非比例疲劳试验数据对该模型进行了试验验证,结果表明:采用文中提出的临界面模型预测的多轴非比例疲劳寿命与试验结果符合较好,预测精度优于FS模型;同时,该模型对不存在非比例附加强化的材料的多轴疲劳寿命预测表现出更好的适用性,且能有效的提高不同类型材料的多轴非比例疲劳寿命预测精度.     

Definition of a new predictor for multiaxial fatigue crack nucleation in rubber

From an engineering point of view, prediction of fatigue crack nucleation in automotive rubber parts is an essential prerequisite for the design of new components. We have derived a new predictor for fatigue crack nucleation in rubber. It is motivated by microscopic mechanisms induced by fatigue and developed in the framework of Configurational Mechanics. As the occurrence of macroscopic fatigue cracks is the consequence of the growth of pre-existing microscopic defects, the energy release rate of these flaws need to be quantified. It is shown that this microstructural evolution is governed by the smallest eigenvalue of the configurational (Eshelby) stress tensor. Indeed, this quantity appears to be a relevant multiaxial fatigue predictor under proportional loading conditions. Then, its generalization to non-proportional multiaxial fatigue problems is derived. Results show that the present predictor, which is related to the previously published predictors, is capable to unify multiaxial fatigue data.