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大尺寸Hopkinson压杆及其应用 总被引:9,自引:2,他引:7
本文介绍了国内最大尺寸的SHPB装置;讨论了在大尺寸SHPB装置上测量混凝土类材料动态力学性能将会出现的几个问题;采取了在入射杆的打击端加设波形整形器,在试件与杆件之间加设万向头及在试件上直接测量应变等新的实验技术及采用新的数据处理方法,提高了试验结果的精确度和可信度;简要介绍了利用ф100 SHPB装置对四种体积含量(0,2%,4%和6%)钢纤维高强混凝土进行三种应变率(10~20/s,35~45/s和75~85/s)的冲击压缩实验。实验结果表明,钢纤维高强混凝土具有较强的应变率效应,其破坏应力、峰值应变随应变率增加而显著增加,弹性模量也随应变率增加而增加。另外,钢纤维含量对混凝土具有增韧效应,随着钢纤维含量的增加,其韧性增大,脆性降低。 相似文献
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本文提出一种基于高速摄像和数字图像相关方法(DIC)的分离式Hopkinson压杆(SHPB)测量技术,从而实现试件应变和两端应力的同步测量。即在与试件接触的输入输出杆两端制作散斑,通过高速摄像获取SHPB实验过程中的散斑变形图像,由DIC测得各时刻试件的应变、输入输出杆端的应变(可直接换算为试件两端的应力)。由于试件和杆端的应变都是从同一张高速摄影的图像上分析得到的,因此它们是同步的。应用该方法对钢纤维混凝土试件的SHPB试验进行了测量,测量结果与传统应变片测量结果吻合,验证了该方法的可行性。该技术不仅实现了SHPB实验中试件应变和应力的同步测量,还将有助于直接检验各材料在SHPB实验中试件两端的力在实验过程中是否平衡。 相似文献
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在评判不同材料的整形器对加载波形的改进效果的应用背景下,对比研究了不同形态的应力脉冲在霍普金森压杆(split Hopkinson pressure bar,SHPB)中的弥散效应。利用有限元软件LS-DYNA建立了杆件的三维有限元模型,在杆端分别施加矩形、三角形和半正弦形的应力脉冲,分析了波形振荡、前沿升时和应力峰值随传播距离的变化规律,并运用频谱分析的方法进行了理论解释。结果表明:三角应力脉冲和半正弦应力脉冲在各个方面都比传统的矩形应力脉冲表现出了更小的弥散效应;半正弦应力脉冲在传播过程中比三角应力脉冲更能控制其形态,能有效地减少弥散效应,提高Φ100mm SHPB实验精度,是岩石类非均质材料的理想加载波形;频谱分析的方法能从理论方面有效地解释应力脉冲信号在SHPB实验中的弥散现象。由此可见,波形整形设计的理想目标为具有较宽历时的半正弦应力脉冲。 相似文献
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为探讨UHPC试件惯性效应对SHPB加载过程的影响,采用大型有限元分析软件LS-DYNA从试件直径、长径比以及恒应变率加载等角度出发,开展了相应的数值模拟与分析。通过对软件中Karagozian-Case-Concrete (KCC)损伤模型参数取值进行优化,建立了基于SHPB技术的UHPC材料冲击压缩数值模型并与试验验证。在此基础上,开展不同UHPC试件直径、长径比以及有无整形器下的参数分析,探讨其对SHPB试验中径向惯性效应的影响。结果表明:(1)为实现加载过程中一维应力传播和UHPC试件应力平衡,试件直径建议按0.90~0.95倍杆件直径取值;(2) UHPC试件长径比对试件加载过程中的应力平衡影响较小,但综合试件中钢纤维分布均匀性以及破坏前一维应力传播,建议按0.35~0.45取值;(3)实现恒应变率加载是UHPC材料在SHPB冲击试验中消除径向惯性效应的重要前提。 相似文献
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运用一维应力波理论,分析了弹性应力波在分离式Hopkinson压杆(SHPB)实验中的传播过程,推
导出试件和压杆中应力分布相关计算公式。探讨了有关因素对试件应力平衡时间的影响规律,发现试件应力
平衡时间受试件/压杆广义波阻抗比和入射加载升时的影响显著,而不受试件/压杆截面积比和入射加载应力
幅值的影响。结合岩石SHPB实验,计算分析了不同入射加载应力幅值在不同入射加载升时情况下,试件达
到应力平衡时的应变变化特征,并提出了降低试件在应力平衡时的应变控制方法,使试件在未达到断裂应变
之前达到应力平衡,以保证实验的有效性。得出的结论对岩石类脆性材料SHPB实验方案设计具有一定的
参考意义。 相似文献
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变形模式对多孔金属材料SHPB实验结果的影响 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
利用两种改进后的Hopkinson杆实验分别测得多孔金属材料冲击端和支撑端的应力.实验结果及高速摄影表明,随着撞击速度的增加,试件两端的应力均匀性变差,分别对应着泡沫材料的3种变形模式:准静态模式、过渡模式、冲击模式.实验得出在冲击模式下,冲击端与支撑端的应力与试件的厚度无关,但是与试件的密度有关.在多孔金属的高应变率实验中,变形模式对SHPB实验有很大的影响,轴向惯性(波动)效应会导致试件两端的应力不均匀,此时利用SHPB得出的实验结果将会是应变率效应和惯性效应的耦合,不能真实反映材料的动态力学性能(应变率效应). 相似文献
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An experimental method for considering dispersion and attenuation in a viscoelastic Hopkinson bar 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
C. Bacon 《Experimental Mechanics》1998,38(4):242-249
An experimental method is developed to perform Hopkinson tests by means of viscoelastic bars by considering the wave propagation
attenuation and dispersion due to the material rheological properties and the bar radial inertia (geometric effect). A propagation
coefficient, representative of the wave dispersion and attenuation, is evaluated experimentally. Thus, the Pochhammer and
Chree frequency equation is not necessary. Any bar cross-section shapes can be employed, and the knowledge of the bar mechanical
properties is useless. The propagation coefficients for two PMMA bars with different diameters and for an elastic aluminum
alloy bar are evaluated. These coefficients are used to determine the normal forces at the free end of a bar and at the ends
of two bars held in contact. As an application, the mechanical impedance of an accelerometer is evaluated.
A part of this work has been performed in the Laboratoire Matériaux Endommagement Fiabilité of the Ecole Nationale Supérieure
des Arts et Métiers de Bordeaux. 相似文献
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This paper examines a laser extensometer to calculate the strain in a sample during split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) experiments. This method offers a non-contact, direct method for measuring sample strain which does not rely on one-dimensional wave propagation assumptions. First a single bar experiment is used to compare the extensometer’s accuracy and frequency response against a laser vibrometer and an accelerometer. The extensometer showed a close match with the vibrometer up to a bandwidth of 10 kHz. With the performance validated, the extensometer is applied to a SHPB experiment with silicone samples. For low strains, the extensometer shows a good match to the strain determined by strain gauges on the bars. At higher strains, the radial expansion of the sample can interfere with the measurement beam from the extensometer and produce inaccurate results. 相似文献
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In this paper, the wave propagation and dynamic response of the rectangular FGM plates with completed clamped supports under impulse load are analyzed. The effective material properties of functionally graded materials (FGMs) for the plate are assumed to vary continuously through the plate thickness and be distributed according to a volume fraction power law along the plate thickness. Considering the effects of transverse shear deformation and rotary inertia, the governing equations of the wave propagation in the functionally graded plate are derived by using the Hamilton’s principle. A complete discussion of dispersion of the FGM plates is given. Using the dispersion relation and integral transforms, exact integral solutions for the FGM plates under impulse load are obtained. The influence of volume fraction distributions on wave propagation and dynamic response of the FGM plates is analyzed. 相似文献
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在应力波传播过程中,几何弥散效应往往难以避免.对应力波在弹性杆中传播的几何弥散效应进行解析分析,对于基础波动问题研究以及材料动态力学行为表征等课题,显得至关重要.本文简单说明了弹性杆中考虑横向惯性修正的一维 Rayleigh-Love应力波理论,概述了其波动控制方程的变分法推导过程;针对 Hopkinson杆实验中常用的梯形应力加载脉冲,建立了相应的偏微分方程初边值问题的求解模型,并运用 Laplace变换方法研究了脉冲在杆中传播的几何弥散现象;根据留数定理进行 Laplace反变换,给出了杆中不同位置和时刻的应力波的级数形式解析解,分析了计算项数对结果收敛性的影响;将解析计算结果与采用三维有限元数值模拟的计算结果进行对比,两者吻合程度良好,从而证明 Rayleigh-Love横向惯性修正理论可以有效地表征典型 Hopkinson杆实验中的几何弥散效应.在此基础上围绕梯形加载脉冲的弥散效应进行参数研究,定量描述了传播距离、泊松比、脉冲斜率等参数的影响.本文给出的 Rayleigh-Love杆在梯形加载条件下的解析解,揭示了几何弥散效应的本质规律,可以用于实际实验的弥散修正过程. 相似文献
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To observe the plastic wave propagation, an experimental setup is designed with a SHPB facility and a high speed digital camera.
Two types of OFHC copper were selected as specimen materials: in the cold work condition and after total annealing, which
represent non strain hardening and strain hardening material respectively. The rise time of incident impulse in the SHPB test
is relevant to bar’s radius. A maximum allowable specimen length and a maximum allowable impact velocity (MAIV) of striker
are proposed for the SHPB test. The propagation of plastic waves is observed along specimen length at the beginning of specimen’s
plastic deformation in SHPB test. However, for both types of material, no plastic wave motion is caught along specimen length
for large plastic strain level. Side confinement effect of friction is found to be significant, even with lubricant in the
experiment. 相似文献
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L. van Wijngaarden 《Applied Scientific Research》1970,22(1):366-381
Asbtract The structure of shock waves in liquids containing gas bubbles is investigated theoretically. The mechanisms taken into account
are the steepening of compression waves in the mixture by convection and the effects due to the motion of the bubbles with
respect to the surrounding fluid. This relative motion, radial and translational, gives rise to dissipation and to dispersion
caused by the inertia of the radial flow associated with an expanding or compressed bubble. For not too thick shocks the dissipation
by radial motion around the bubbles dominates over the dissipation by relative translational motion, in mixtures with low
gas content. The overall thickness of the shock appears to be determined by the dispersion effect. Dissipation, however, is
necessary to permit a steady shock wave. It is shown that, analogous to undular bores, a stationary wave train may exist behind
the shock wave. 相似文献