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1.
Stress calculation formulae for a ring have been obtained by using Airy stress function of the plane strain field with the decomposition of the solutions for normal stresses of Airy biharmonic equation into two parts when it is loaded under two opposite inside forces along a diameter. One part should fulfill a constraint condition about normal stress distribution along the circumference at an energy valley to do the minimum work. Other part is a stress residue constant. In order to verify these formulae and the computed results, the computed contour lines of equi-maximal shear stresses were plotted and quite compared with that of photo-elasticity test results. This constraint condition about normal stress distribution along circumference is confirmed by using Greens’ theorem. An additional compression exists along the circumference of the loaded ring, explaining the divorcement and displacement of singularity points at inner and outer boundaries.  相似文献   

2.
The thermal properties of a nanostructured semiconductor are affected by multi-physical fields,such as stress and electromagnetic fields,causing changes in temperature and strain distributions.In this work,the influence of stress-dependent thermal conductivity on the heat transfer behavior of a GaN-based nanofilm is investigated.The finite element method is adopted to simulate the temperature distribution in a prestressed nanofilm under heat pulses.Numerical results demonstrate the effect of stress field on the thermal conductivity of GaN-based nanofilm,namely,the prestress and the thermal stress lead to a change in the heat transfer behavior in the nanofilm.Under the same heat source,the peak temperature of the film with stress-dependent thermal conductivity is significantly lower than that of the film with a constant thermal conductivity and the maximum temperature difference can reach 8.2 K.These results could be useful for designing GaN-based semiconductor devices with higher reliability under multi-physical fields.  相似文献   

3.
The aim of this study is to describe the main behavior of cement-based materials under large compression state based on the recent experimental research. In this paper, the strainstress relations are firstly analyzed and confining pressure state is regarded as low/medium/high state. A generalized cup modeling is introduced by a coupled deviatoric shearing, pore collapse and damage mechanism within thermodynamic framework. A series of numerical simulations are performed for the considered cement paste and concrete. Comparisons between numerical predictions and experimental results show that the proposed model is able to describe the main features of mechanical behavior under large range of compression state.  相似文献   

4.
The present work deals with the computation of the gas-solid two-phase flow pressure drop across thin and thick orifices for a vertically downward flow configuration at the higher limits of a dilute phase flow situation(0.01≤αs,in≤0.10).The Eulerian-Eulerian(two-fluid)model has been used in conjunction with the kinetic theory of granular flow with a four-way coupling approach.The validation of the solution process has been performed by comparing the computational result with the existing experimental data.It is observed that the two-phase flow pressure drop across the orifice increases with an increase in the thickness of the orifice,and the effect is more prominent at higher solid loading.The pressure drop is found to increase with an increase in the solid volume fraction.An increase in the Reynolds number or the area ratio increases the pressure drop.An increase in the size of the particles reduces the pressure drop across the orifice at both small and relatively large solid volume fractions.Finally,a two-phase multiplier has been proposed in terms of the relevant parameters,which can be useful to evaluate the gas-solid two-phase flow pressure drop across the orifice and can subsequently help to improve the system performance.  相似文献   

5.
6.
Open-sided draft tubes provide an optimal gas distribution through a cross flow pattern between the spout and the annulus in conical spouted beds.The design,optimization,control,and scale-up of the spouted beds require precise information on operating and peak pressure drops.In this study,a multi-layer perceptron(MLP)neural network was employed for accurate prediction of these hydrodynamic characteristics.A relatively huge number of experiments were accomplished and the most influential dimensionless groups were extracted using the Buckingham-pi theorem.Then,the dimensionless groups were used for developing the MLP model for simultaneous estimation of operating and peak pressure drops.The iterative constructive technique confirmed that 4-14-2 is the best structure for the MLP model in terms of absolute average relative deviation(AARD%),mean square error(MSE),and regression coefficient(R2).The developed MLP approach has an excellent capacity to predict the transformed operating(MSE=0.00039,AARD%=1.30,and R2=0.76099)and peak(MSE=0.22933,AARD%=11.88,and R2=0.89867)pressure drops.  相似文献   

7.
为了评估弹体飞行中产生的气动热对弹头引信的影响,采用计算流体动力学(CFD)方法对某火箭弹标准外形引信体在飞行条件下的气动加热过程进行了数值计算与分析.计算中,将获得的某火箭弹实际弹道参数进行了分段线性拟合,得到了计算域入口处的速度、温度、压强与时间的函数关系;结合分析对象的特点,采用结构化网格、远场压力边界条件、k-ε模型,利用有限体积法、耦合求解法模式、二阶迎风格式进行求解,得出了某火箭弹标准外形引信在弹道中不同时刻的温度场变化规律.计算结果与遥测试验结果的比较表明:两者变化的趋势及量值大小相吻合,两者的最大误差为13.0%,满足工程应用要求.  相似文献   

8.
Computational fluid dynamics(CFD)has become a valuable tool to study the complex gas-solid hydrodynamics in the circulating fluidized bed(CFB).Based on the two fluid model(TFM)under the Eulerian-Eulerian framework and the dense discrete phase model(DDPM)under the Eulerian-Lagrangian framework,this work conducts the comparative study of the gas-solid hydrodynamics in a CFB riser by these two different models.Results show that DDPM could be used to predict gas-solid hydrodynamics in the circulating fluidized bed,and there are differences between TFM and DDPM,especially in the radial distribution profiles of solid phase.Sensitivity analysis results show that the gas-solid drag model exhibits significant effects on the results for both the two models.The specularity coefficient and the restitution coefficient in the TFM,as well as the reflection coefficient and the parcel number in the DDPM,exhibit less impact on the simulated results.  相似文献   

9.
A torsional static and free vibration analysis of the functionally graded nanotube(FGNT)composed of two materials varying continuously according to the power-law along the radial direction is performed using the bi-Helmholtz kernel based stress-driven nonlocal integral model.The differential governing equation and boundary conditions are deduced on the basis of Hamilton’s principle,and the constitutive relationship is expressed as an integral equation with the bi-Helmholtz kernel.Several nominal variables are introduced to simplify the differential governing equation,integral constitutive equation,and boundary conditions.Rather than transforming the constitutive equation from integral to differential forms,the Laplace transformation is used directly to solve the integro-differential equations.The explicit expression for nominal torsional rotation and torque contains four unknown constants,which can be determined with the help of two boundary conditions and two extra constraints from the integral constitutive relation.A few benchmarked examples are solved to illustrate the nonlocal influence on the static torsion of a clamped-clamped(CC)FGNT under torsional constraints and a clamped-free(CF)FGNT under concentrated and uniformly distributed torques as well as the torsional free vibration of an FGNT under different boundary conditions.  相似文献   

10.
Effective enhanced model for a large deformable soft pneumatic actuator   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Soft pneumatic actuators have been widely used for implementing sophisticated and dexterous movements,due to numerous fascinating features compared with their rigid counterparts.Relatively speaking,modeling and analysis of an entire soft pneumatic actuator considering contact interaction between two adjacent air chambers is extremely rare,which is exactly what we are particularly interested in.Therefore,in order to establish an accurate mechanical model and analyze the overall configuration and stress distribution for the soft pneumatic actuator with large deflection,we consider the contact interaction of soft materials rather than hard materials,to produce an effective enhanced model for soft contact of a large deformable pneumatic actuator.In this article,a multiple-point contact approach is developed to circumvent the mutual penetration problem between adjacent air chambers of the soft actuator that occurs with the single-point contact approach employed in linear elastic rigid materials.In contrast to the previous simplified rod-based model that did not focus on contact interaction which was adopted to clarify the entire deformation of the actuator,the present model not only elaborates nonlinear large deformation and overall configuration variations,but also accurately delineates stress distribution law inside the chamber structure and the stress concentration phenomenon.By means of a corresponding static experiment,a comparison of the simulation results with experimental data validates the effectiveness and accuracy of this model employing a multiple-point contact approach.Excellent simulation of the actual bending deformation of the soft actuator is obtained,while mutual penetration is successfully circumvented,whereas the model with single-point contact cannot achieve those goals.Finally,as compared with the rod-based model,the results obtained using the proposed model are more consistent with experimental data,and simulation precision is improved.  相似文献   

11.
Open celled metal foams fabricated through metal sintering are a new class of material that offers novel mechanical and acoustic properties. Previously, polymer foams have been widely used as a means of absorbing acoustic energy. However, the structural applications of these foams are limited. The metal sintering approach offers a cost- effective means for the mass-production of open-cell foams from a range of materials, including high-temperature steel alloys. In this first part of two-paper series, the mechanical properties of open-celled steel alloy (FeCrAlY) foams were characterized under uniaxial compression and shear loading. Compared to predictions from established models, a significant knockdown in material properties was observed. This knockdown was attributed to the presence of defects throughout the microstructure that result from the unique fabrication process. Further in situ tests were carried out in a SEM (scanning electronic microscope) in order to investigate the effects of defects on the properties of the foams. Typically, the onset of plastic yielding was observed to occur at defect locations within the microstructure. At lower relative densities, ligament bending dominates, with the deformation initializing at defects. At higher relative densities, an additional deformation mechanism associated with membrane elements was observed. In the follow-up of this paper, a finite element model will be constructed to quantify the effects of defects on the mechanical performance of the open-cell foam. The project supported by the US Office of Naval Research (N000140210117), the National Basic Research Program of China (2006CB601202), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10328203, 10572111, 10632060), and the National 111 Project of China (B06024).  相似文献   

12.
Structural modeling of sandwich structures with lightweight cellular cores   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
An effective single layered finite element (FE) computational model is proposed to predict the structural behavior of lightweight sandwich panels having two dimensional (2D) prismatic or three dimensional (3D) truss cores. Three different types of cellular core topology are considered: pyramidal truss core (3D), Kagome truss core (3D) and corrugated core (2D), representing three kinds of material anisotropy: orthotropic, monoclinic and general anisotropic. A homogenization technique is developed to obtain the homogenized macroscopic stiffness properties of the cellular core. In comparison with the results obtained by using detailed FE model, the single layered computational model can give acceptable predictions for both the static and dynamic behaviors of orthotropic truss core sandwich panels. However, for non-orthotropic 3D truss cores, the predictions are not so well. For both static and dynamic behaviors of a 2D corrugated core sandwich panel, the predictions derived by the single layered computational model is generally acceptable when the size of the unit cell varies within a certain range, with the predictions for moderately strong or strong corrugated cores more accurate than those for weak cores. The project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2006CB601202), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10328203, 10572111, 10572119, 10632060), the National 111 Project of China (B06024), the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-04-0958), the Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis of Industrial Equipment, and the Doctorate Foundation of Northwestern Polytechnical University.  相似文献   

13.
This study is concerned with the understanding and modeling of the compressive response of open cell foams. The response starts with a nearly linear elastic regime which terminates into a limit load followed by an extensive load plateau. The plateau, which is responsible for the excellent energy absorption capacity of foams, is followed by a second stiff branch. Results from polyester urethane open cell foams with relative densities of about 0.025 are used to illustrate this behavior using experiments coupled with several levels of modeling. The experiments include characterization of the microstructure and the properties of the base material and measurement of the compressive response of the foams of various cell sizes.A sequence of models for predicting the complete response of such foam is developed. The foam is idealized to be periodic using the space-filling Kelvin cell assigned the major geometric characteristics found in the foams tested. The cells are elongated in the rise direction, the ligaments are assumed to be straight, to have Plateau border cross-sections and nonuniform cross-sectional area distribution. The ligaments are modeled as shear-deformable extensional beams and the base material is assumed to be linearly elastic. Prediction of the initial elastic moduli are addressed in Part I. Closed form expressions for the material constants are presented as well as results using a FE model of the characteristic cell. Comparison between measurements and predictions is very favorable. The paper finishes with results from a limited parametric study of the elastic moduli. The results demonstrate that inclusion of the geometric complexities mentioned above is essential for successful prediction of the moduli of such foams. The nonlinear parts of the response including the foam crushing behavior are addressed in Part II.  相似文献   

14.
This work is devoted to the numerical and experimental study of annealing effects on microstructure and mechanical properties of the high-density polyethylene (HDPE). Uniaxiale tension tests are conducted at 25 °C in order to characterize the mechanical behavior of HDPE. The influence of the annealing treatment on the material microstructure is examined by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and microstructures are characterized using differential scanning calorimetry. The distribution of nonlinear relaxation approach is adopted to describe the mechanical response of virgin and annealed HDPE. Annealing effects are incorporated into the constitutive model by introducing the microstructure (crystallinity degree) evolution on the macroscopic response of the material. The numerical predictions of the model are in good agreement with experimental results for the different states of the material.  相似文献   

15.
In the analysis of materials with random heterogeneous microstructure the assumption is often made that material behavior can be represented by homogenized or effective properties. While this assumption yields accurate results for the bulk behavior of composite materials, it ignores the effects of the random microstructure. The spatial variations in these microstructures can focus, initiate and propagate localized non-linear behavior, subsequent damage and failure. In previous work a computational method, moving window micromechanics (MW), was used to capture microstructural detail and characterize the variability of the local and global elastic response. Digital images of material microstructure described the microstructure and a local micromechanical analysis was used to generate spatially varying material property fields. The strengths of this approach are that the material property fields can be consistently developed from digital images of real microstructures, they are easy to import into finite element models (FE) using regular grids, and their statistical characterizations can provide the basis for simulations further characterizing stochastic response. In this work, the moving window micromechanics technique was used to generate material property fields characterizing the non-linear behavior of random materials under plastic yielding; specifically yield stress and hardening slope, post yield. The complete set of material property fields were input into FE models of uniaxial loading. Global stress strain curves from the FE–MW model were compared to a more traditional micromechanics model, the generalized method of cells. Local plastic strain and local stress fields were produced which correlate well to the microstructure. The FE–MW method qualitatively captures the inelastic behavior, based on a non-linear flow rule, of the sample continuous fiber composites in transverse uniaxial loading.  相似文献   

16.
Using elastic crystalline viscoplastic finite element (FE) annlysis, the formability of BCC steel sheets was assessed. An orientation probability assignment method in the FE modeling procedure, which can be categorized as an inhomogenized material modeling, was newly proposed. In the study, the crystal orientations of three materials, mild steel, dual phase steel and the high strength steel, were obtained by X-ray diffraction and orientation distribution function (ODF) analyses. The measured ODF results have revealed clearly different textures in the sheets, featured by orientation fibers, skeleton lines and selected orientations in Euler angle space, which are closely related to the plastic anisotropy. Then, the crystal orientations were assigned to FE integration points by using this ODF data, individually. The FE analyses of the standard limiting dome height(LDH) test show how the fiber textures affect the extent of strain localization in the forming processes. It was confirmed by comparison with experimental results that this FE code could predict the extreme strain localization and assess the sheet formability. The third author is indebted to the National Natural Science Foundation of China for financial support (Grant No. 59875025) to the research cooperation with OIT, Japan.  相似文献   

17.
A mean field mechanical model describing the inelastic behavior and strong anisotropy of Directionally Solidified (DS) materials is developed. Its material parameters are calibrated by comparison with the Finite Element (FE) computation of a Representative Volume Element (RVE). In the case of a large grain alloy where microstructure size cannot be neglected with respect to geometrical variations, this approach is a good candidate to evaluate the local scatter coming from the material heterogeneity.  相似文献   

18.
泡沫材料的宏观力学性能主要取决于基体材料的力学特性及其微细观结构特征,基于细观力学模型的分析方法是泡沫材料力学性能研究的重要途径.文中构建了描述中等孔隙率开孔弹性泡沫材料微结构特征的三维随机分布球形泡孔模型,并采用有限元方法对弹性泡沫压缩变形进行了模拟,并计算给出了不同孔隙率弹性泡沫材料弹性模量、剪切模量、体积模量以及泊松比的分布,建立了相应的唯象表达式.研究表明,泡孔分布的随机性导致泡沫材料微结构刚度分布不均匀,泡沫压缩变形过程中不断发生局部泡孔坍塌现象直至密实,使得泡沫材料的宏观压缩应力应变曲线没有明显的平台段.泡沫材料弹性参数唯象模型的研究显示,该模型预测结果与理论模型一致,且与测试结果吻合,论文建立的唯象表达式能够很好地预测泡沫材料的弹性力学性能.  相似文献   

19.
程锦泉  王彪  杜善义 《力学学报》2001,33(3):407-414
针对铁电材料含有随机分布缺陷以及微结构在外场作用下发生变化的特点,建立起一个细观统计力学模型,考虑到缺陷和酶极化转动之间的相互影响,利用细观力学方法-Eshelby等效夹杂法和Mori-Tanaka的平均理论,具体分析了所含缺陷以及外场对铁电材料有效电弹性能和模量的影响。针对BaTiO3铁电陶瓷的有效电弹性能与常数的预报结果表明了缺陷的存在将增强材料的压电性能。  相似文献   

20.
Synthetic open-cell foams have a complex microstructure consisting of an interconnected network of cells resulting from the foaming process. The cells are irregular polyhedra with anywhere from 9 to 17 faces in nearly monodisperse foams. The material is concentrated in the nearly straight ligaments and in the nodes where they intersect. The mechanical properties of such foams are governed by their microstructure and by the properties of the base material. In this study micro-computed X-ray tomography is used to develop 3D images of the morphology of polyester urethane and Duocel aluminum foams with different average cell sizes. The images are used to establish statistically the cell size and ligament length distributions, material distributions along the ligaments, the geometry of the nodes and cell anisotropy. The measurements are then used to build finite element foam models of increasing complexity that are used to estimate the elastic moduli. In the most idealized model the microstructure is represented as a regular Kelvin cell. The most realistic models are based on Surface Evolver simulations of random soap froth with N3 cells in spatially periodic domains. In all models the cells are elongated in one direction, the ligaments are straight but have a nonuniform cross sectional area distribution and are modeled as shear deformable beams. With this input both the Kelvin cell models and the larger random foam models are shown to predict the elastic moduli with good accuracy but the random foams are 5–10% stiffer.  相似文献   

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