复合材料层压板低速冲击响应与损伤参数关系研究

论文针对复合材料标准冲击试样,用落锤试验手段研究了三种不同铺层层压板的低速冲击特性.分析了冲击响应接触力和能量的基本特性及变化规律,发现冲击能量相对于层压板阻抗水平的不同会导致接触力-时间曲线形状的差异.从冲击总能量、吸收能量和损伤耗散能量的角度阐释了能量和接触力与层压板分层损伤、凹坑变形的关系.发现损伤直接取决于吸收能量,与冲击总能量有较好的正相关关系.最大接触力是表征层压板损伤阻抗性能的一个门槛值.在一定能量条件下进行冲击,峰值接触力若达到层压板的接触力门槛值,则峰值接触力不再随损伤程度而增加,不能继续作为损伤的表征参数.同时,进行了冲击过程动态有限元模拟,得到的冲击响应参数曲线和损伤结果与试验结果有较好的对应关系.     

复合材料层板冲击损伤响应的能量和接触力研究

摘 要：本文以复合材料层压板标准冲击试样,用落锤试验、冲击后压缩试验的手段研究了三种不同铺层的低速冲击特性。分析了冲击响应接触力、能量的基本特性和变化规律,发现冲击能量相对于板阻抗水平的不同会导致接触力-时间曲线形状的差异。从冲击总能量、吸收能量和损伤耗散能量的角度阐释了能量和接触力与层压板损伤、变形、压缩剩余强度的关系,损伤直接取决于吸收能量,与冲击总能量有较好的正相关关系,但与接触力无明显联系。最大接触力是仅取决于板损伤阻抗性能的一个门槛值。同时,进行了冲击过程动态有限元模拟,得到了冲击响应参数曲线和损伤结果,与试验结果有较好的对应关系。     

基于振动响应和HHT技术的机翼盒段结构损伤检测方法研究

提出一种利用结构振动响应和HILBERT-HUANG变换(HHT)技术检测结构小损伤的时域方法,研究了基于HHT的悬臂机翼盒段结构的损伤特征量的提取方法,给出了所提取特征量与结构损伤程度之间的关系。用HHT技术处理完好盒段与损伤盒段在信号激励下的结构动力响应信号,得到信号的希尔波特谱;然后求出希尔波特谱对应的瞬时能量,从中提取出结构损伤信息—瞬时能量变化量,作为损伤特征参数;并研究了将之作为损伤特征参数的抗噪声干扰能力。最后给出了瞬时能量变化量最大值与结构损伤程度之间的关系。     

环境激励下基于小波包分析的结构损伤预警方法

将环境荷载激励技术与小波包分析相结合,提出对环境激励下的结构动力响应计算虚拟脉冲响应函数并在此基础上计算结构的小波包能量谱及其损伤预警指标,用以表征结构动力系统的损伤状态.通过Benchmark试验模型模拟结构的多种损伤状态,采集模型在环境激励下结构损伤前后的动力响应,计算了结构损伤预警的小波包能量谱及其损伤预警指标.试验结果表明,环境激励下基于小波包能量谱的结构损伤预警指标具有良好的损伤预警能力,可以准确地判定结构初期损伤的发生.     

基于小波的蜂窝板面超高速撞击声发射信号损伤特征提取

为了通过超高速撞击声发射信号识别蜂窝结构受空间碎片撞击后的损伤状态,提出一种基于小波的损伤特征提取方法。采用超高速撞击声发射技术,以铝合金蜂窝板为研究对象,通过超高速撞击实验获取实验信号。分析超高速撞击声发射信号的时频特征及板波模态等特征,采用Daubechies小波变换将信号中模态分离,根据小波系数计算各尺度小波能量分数及小波能量熵特征,分析各特征参数与损伤间的关系,并通过Kruskal-Wallis检验方法验证各特征值对损伤识别的贡献。结果表明:小波能量分数和小波能量熵具有一定的损伤模式分类能力;250 kHz以上的小波能量分数具有良好的损伤模式分类能力;非超声部分的低频信号对损伤识别存在干扰。     

基于凹坑深度的复合材料低速冲击损伤分析

对复合材料层合板进行了低速冲击实验,建立了冲击凹坑深度与冲击能量的关系。依据凹坑深度反推冲击能量,并用能量确定冲锤质量和冲击速度,从而可对层合板进行动态数值模拟。冲击凹坑深度与冲击能量的关系表明,凹坑深度的变化是与冲击能量的变化过程相适应的,在此基础上对损伤的分布形式及大小做了详细的分析。采用ANSYS有限元程序对复合材料层合板横向低速冲击进行模拟,采用瞬态分析方法来研究层合板的冲击与损伤过程。对冲击后的试验件进行了C扫描损失检测。计算和试验结果表明,此方法是可行的,特别适合于层合板冲击后的损伤评估。     

节理岩体能量损伤本构模型与工程应用

本文根据Betti能量互易定理,节理岩体能量损伤演化方程,广义正交法则和塑性损伤一致性条件建立了节理岩体的能量损伤本构模型,并将该模型编制成三维非线性有限元计算程序应用于溪洛渡地下厂房洞室群施工开挖稳定性分析,获得了较为满意的计算结果。     

复合材料层合板低速冲击响应和损伤分析

通过在有限元软件Abaqus/Explicit中编写用户材料子程序VUMAT，建立了一种基于能量演化的复合材料低速冲击渐进损伤模型．该模型以三维Hashin准则来预测层内损伤的起始，以一种简化的损伤变量来模拟层内损伤的演化，将具有双线性牵引-分离本构的零厚度界面单元插入层间来模拟分层损伤．采用该模型对14.7 J冲击能量下的纤维增强复合材料低速冲击过程进行了仿真分析，计算得到的冲击力-时间曲线、能量-时间曲线和损伤分布与试验结果吻合较好．根据数值模拟结果，分析了纤维、基体和分层损伤的扩展规律，为低速冲击下的复合材料结构设计提供了理论依据．     

花岗岩破坏过程能量演化机制与能量屈服准则

为了明确岩石破坏的能量演化特性，结合单轴实验和颗粒流程序获得花岗岩的细观力学参数，进行不同应力状态的花岗岩实验，研究不同围压下花岗岩破坏过程的能量演化机理并推导能量屈服准则。获得以下主要结论:花岗岩破坏过程中低围压下内部损伤出现较早而高围压较晚，表明低围压花岗岩内部损伤是渐进发展过程，而高围压下内部损伤一旦出现便快速发展破坏；高围压花岗岩峰值前一定应变范围弹性应变能基本保持不变，吸收的能量全部转化为耗散能，表明高围压破坏时花岗岩内部损伤程度严重；弹性应变能经历不断积累并达到弹性储能极限而后减小的变化过程，而弹性储能极限与围压之间存在线性变化规律，因此高围压下岩体开挖卸荷时极易诱发大量弹性应变能的急剧释放，引起围岩失稳甚至发生岩爆；花岗岩峰值破坏时的能量比与围压无关，为一定值；基于能量原理导出了能量屈服准则，该准则包含岩性参数和所有主应力，能够综合反映岩石破坏影响因素。     

基于振动测试与小波包分析的结构损伤预警

将结构振动测试技术与小波包分析相结合，提出对振动激励信号与响应信号分别 进行小波包分解并在此基础上计算结构的小波包脉冲响应函数及其小波包能量谱，用以表征 结构动力系统的损伤状态. 通过一钢筋混凝土板静力承载力的振动试验分析，计算该板在不 同受力阶段的小波包脉冲响应函数及其小波包能量谱，在此基础上对板不同受力阶段的损伤 状态进行了判别. 该方法克服了结构动力响应的小波包能量谱不能反映结构损伤状态的缺 点，试验表明所采用的方法是可行的.     

Preface: Current research progress on mechanics of high speed rail

The construction and operation of high-speed rail（HSR）grid within the past two decades in China,in terms of the scale,may be possibly comparable to any national-wide construction in the history of China,even the Great Wall.By counting railways with commercial train service at the speed of200 km/h,China has the world’s longest HSR network with over 19 369.8 km of track in service today and this number     

ACTA MECHANICA SINICA 2014 ANNUAL SUBJECT INDEX

正~~     

人造地震动合成中的位移误差分析

三角函数级数法是合成人工地震动常用算法之一,但是通过对加速度积分求取位移时,却存在与零线漂移相类似的位移漂移现象。     

Hermitian space-time finite elements for estuarine mass transport

Space-time finite element solutions of the convection–dispersion equation using higher-order nodal continuity and Hermitian polynomial shape functions are described. Five separate elements ranging from a complete linear element with C^0,0 nodal continuity to a complete first-order Hermitian element with C^1,1 nodal continuity are subjected to detailed analysis. Wave deformation analyses identify the source of leading or trailing edge oscillations, trailing edge oscillations being the major source of difficulty. These observations are confirmed by numerical experiments which further demonstrate the potential of higher-order nodal continuity. The performance of the complete first-order Hermitian element is quite satisfactory and measurably superior to the linear element.     

Rainwater rivulets on a cable subject to windFilets d'eau de pluie sur un câble soumis au vent

Rainwater rivulets appear on inclined cables of cable-stayed bridges when wind and rain occur simultaneously. In a restricted range of parameters this is known to cause vibrations of high amplitudes on the cable. The mechanism underlying this effect is still under debate but the role of rainwater rivulets is certain. We use a standard lubrication model to analyse the dynamics of a water film on a cylinder under the effect of gravity and wind load. A simple criterion is then proposed for the appearance and position of rivulets, where the Froude number is the control parameter. Experiments with several geometries of cylinder covered with water in a wind tunnel show the evolution of the rivulets with the Froude number. Comparison of the prediction by the model with these experimental data shows that the main mechanism of rivulet formation and positioning is captured. To cite this article: C. Lemaitre et al., C. R. Mecanique 334 (2006).     

Cristallisation par onde acoustique : le cas de l'héliumCrystallization by acoustic waves: the case of helium

We establish a theoretical model to explain the nucleation of a crystal of helium by an acoustic over-pressure. We explain the interfacial laws for this ultra-fast cristallization, close to the sound speed. Assuming spherical symmetry and taking into account the experimental data, we recover the dynamics of the growth and melting during an over-pressure impulse. To cite this article: M. Ben Amar et al., C. R. Mecanique 331 (2003).     

Structure initiale et propriétés de liquéfaction statique d'un sableInitial structure and static liquefaction properties of sand.

Based on the use of two different preparation procedures for reconstituting triaxial samples of sand, i.e. wet tamping and dry pluviation, significant differences in associated mechanical behaviour are observed on a reference sand with respect to the phenomenon of ‘static’ liquefaction. Wet tamping favours the initiation of liquefaction instability, whereas dry pluviation favours a more stable behaviour, less susceptible to liquefaction. Microscopic observation of corresponding sand specimens allows us to identify two well differentiated structures, i.e., for wet tamping, an irregular structure with predominance of aggregates (aggregated grains) and macropores, very contractant and unstable and, for dry pluviation, a more regular structure, without macropores, more dilatant and more stable. These observations show the importance of further characterization, based on the introduction of appropriate parameters, of the initial structure of sandy materials, strongly dependant upon their mode of formation (natural or artificial). To cite this article: N. Benahmed et al., C. R. Mecanique 332 (2004).     

Sources of Complexity in Human Systems

Complex is a special attribute we can give to many kinds of systems. Although it is used often as a synonym of difficult, it has a specific epistemological meaning, which is going to be shared by the incoming science of complexity. Difficult is an object which, by means of an adequate computational power, can be deterministically or stochastically predictable. On the contrary complex is an object which can not be predictable because of logical impossibility or because its predictability would require a computational power far beyond any physical feasibility, now and forever. For complexity refers to some observing system, it is always subjective, and thus it is defined as observed irreducible complexity. Human systems are affected by several sources of complexity, belonging to three classes, in order of descending restrictivity. Systems belonging to the first class are not predictable at all, those belonging to the second class are predictable only through an infinite computational capacity, and those belonging to the third class are predictable only through a trans-computational capacity. The first class has two sources of complexity: logical complexity, directly deriving from self-reference and Gödel's incompleteness theorems, and relational complexity, resulting in a sort of indeterminacy principle occurring in social systems. The second class has three sources of complexity: gnosiological complexity, which consists of the variety of possible perceptions; semiotic complexity, which represents the infinite possible interpretations of signs and facts; and chaotic complexity, which characterizes phenomena of nonlinear dynamic systems. The third class coincides with computational complexity, which basically coincides with the mathematical concept of intractability. Artificial, natural, biological and human systems are characterized by the influence of different sources of complexity, and the latter appear to be the most complex.