随机有限元方法在断裂分析中的应用

在幂律非线性随机有限元基础上,以单边裂纹板为例给出计算含量钢继裂参数,J（J积分）,δ（裂纹张开位移）,Δ（由裂纹引起的裂纹板上下底面相对位移）,θ（由裂纹引起的裂纹板上下底在相对转角）及其对基本随机变量变化率的方法和分析算例。     

拉载下环向穿透裂纹位于圆柱壳固定端的弹塑性解

基于薄壳半膜力理论和Dugdale模型,针对环向穿透裂纹位于其固定端的圆柱壳,推导了其在轴拉载荷作用下的裂纹尖端张开位移(CTOD)、J积分、由裂纹所引起的附加变形等一套相对完整的弹塑性解。除少数数值求根外,均为显式计算,并可涵盖塑性破坏。该解可方便地用于不同断裂参数、裂纹长度以及几何参数的系列计算,弥补了目前缺乏本问题理论解析解的不足。     

静止裂纹尖端实验的HRR奇异场

用近代光学试验方法(面内云纹和投影云纹),测量了不同应变硬化指数材料(n=3.350～9.180)、平面应力Ⅰ型双边裂纹试件、裂纹尖端附近位移场和应变场。由试验结果分析了裂纹尖端位移奇异性,得到J主导区和围绕裂纹尖端附近HRR场分布。分析了HRR分布随载荷、材料不同的变化规律。     

含中心裂纹铝合金薄板裂纹稳态扩展的实验研究

一、引言对于韧性材料的含裂纹构件,通常是在大范围屈服情况下断裂的,所以必须建立弹塑性断裂理论来进行研究。用J积分判据J_(1c)或临界裂纹顶端张开位移δ_(cr)来衡量韧性材料的断裂韧性,在工程上具有实用意义。但是J_(1c)和δ_(cr)都是用来确定裂纹的初始起裂,而起裂后的裂纹稳态扩展现象很重要,特别对于硬化材料的金属薄壁构件更为明显,在裂纹缓慢稳态扩展的过程中,必须继续增加载荷,直到裂纹失稳扩展,因此要合理地确定含裂纹薄壁结构的承载能力,就需要研究裂纹稳态扩展过程。Feddersen在研究平面应力断裂问题中,用铝合金中心裂纹板试件做了大量实验,对工程设计提供了有用的分析方法,但是对于裂纹的稳态扩展过程只做了定性描述,没     

层状非均匀材料边裂纹引起的J积分变化量分析

均匀材料无裂纹时沿封闭路径的J积分为零,层状非均匀材料无裂纹时沿封闭路径的J积分通常不为零且与路径相关。在位移载荷保持不变条件下引入裂纹会使J积分改变,本文分析引入裂纹所导致的远场J积分变化量,即有裂纹时与无裂纹时沿同一远场路径的J积分之差,其值等于裂尖J积分与界面J积分变化量之和。对于层状非均匀材料,虽然无裂纹时和有裂纹时的远场J积分、界面J积分都与路径相关,但当积分路径远离裂尖后,有裂纹与无裂纹时的远场J积分之差、界面J积分之差与路径无关,引入裂纹所引起的远场J积分变化量等于边界应变能密度释放量沿边界的积分。对于均匀材料半无限大平面的边裂纹,裂纹能量释放率等于无裂纹时应变能密度与8倍裂纹长度的乘积;对于层状材料的边裂纹,裂纹能量释放率等于应变能密度释放量沿边界的积分减去界面J积分变化量。     

弯载下位于刚性固定端周向壁穿裂纹的圆柱壳弹塑性解

金属圆柱壳结构常见于大型复杂结构系统中。这类构件在其端部与其它构件相连接是工程上常见的结构形式。由于连接处焊接热影响或实际复杂内力的作用,在连接处产生疲劳裂纹的几率相对增大;另一方面,由于高韧性材料的应用,使得弹塑性裂纹更为常见。然而到目前为止尚无这类问题的弹塑性理论解析。本文针对受弯曲载荷作用下的周向壁穿裂纹位于固定端的圆柱壳,基于半膜力壳理论及Dugdale模型,推导了裂纹尖端张开位移(CTOD)和裂纹尖端张开角度(CTOA)等一套相对完整的弹塑性解析解。该解除少数数值求根外,均为显式表达,可用于裂纹起裂、撕裂计算,追踪此类由弹塑性裂纹的存在所引起的圆柱壳结构的柔度以及裂纹撕裂条件下的极限承载能力等变化过程,弥补了这类工程问题解析解空缺的不足。     

改进的虚裂纹闭合技术及其在复合材料脱层分析中的应用

提出一种改进的虚裂纹闭合技术（ＶＣＣＴ）对轮胎带束（一咱复合材料结构）不同脱层长度下的应变能释放率进行了计算。将强度裂纹闭合的位移作了一种可变约束施加在变形后的裂纹尖端,约束反力作了裂纹尖端力计算,应变能释放率由裂纹尖端力和约束位移的乘积得到。该方法的优点是简便易行,在物理理解上直观,实施起来方便。本文就用该技术对带束脱层进行了断裂力学分析,给出数值结果,并对带束的脱层寿命进行了评价。     

中低强材料弹塑性高周疲劳裂纹扩展速率的研究

本文通过对LY12R铝合金中心裂纹拉伸(CCT)试件、紧凑拉伸(CT)小试件和30CrMnSi钢CT试件的试验,验证了测试中低强材料高周疲劳裂纹扩展速率时,可用单一参量J积分范围△J来描述疲劳裂纹从线弹性到弹塑性条件下的扩展速率da/dN,即da/dN=c(△J)~v。在计算△J时,采用了解析式计算法,使试验程序和数据处理都得到了一定程度的简化。在测试方法上,采用了ASTM E647—78T中的各项要求和程序,除取消试件满足线弹性条件的几何尺寸限制外,仅增加对计算△J的标定试验。因此,从方法上来说,可以看作是ASTM E647方法的一个补充。     

求解Ⅰ型裂纹构元J积分的半解析方法

表征裂纹尖端应力应变场程度的J积分是一个定义明确、理论严密的弹塑性断裂力学基础参量.目前J积分的计算主要是依靠塑性因子法和有限元法,但对各类裂纹构元获得J积分以及载荷-位移关系的解析公式以实现材料断裂韧性理论预测和材料测试是断裂力学的重要和困难的任务.以J积分为参量的材料断裂测试中应用最广的是Ⅰ型裂纹试样的断裂韧性测试.本文在平面应变条件下,针对断裂韧性测试中使用的6种Ⅰ型裂纹构元,基于能量等效假设,提出了J积分-载荷和载荷-位移的工程半解析统一表征方法,进而结合有限元分析的少量计算获得J积分-载荷和载荷-位移关系的半解析公式待定参数.分析表明,6种Ⅰ型裂纹构元的J积分-载荷和载荷-位移统一公式的预测结果与有限元结果吻合良好.新提出的J积分-载荷工程半解析公式包含了材料的弹性模量、应力强度系数和应变硬化指数,能够广泛适应不同的材料,且运用该公式能够方便获取任意载荷点对应的J积分值.应用新方法可便于获得各类Ⅰ型裂纹构元的J积分-载荷和载荷-位移工程半解析公式.     

求解I型裂纹构元J积分的半解析方法

表征裂纹尖端应力应变场程度的J积分是一个定义明确、理论严密的弹塑性断裂力学基础参量. 目前J积分的计算主要是依靠塑性因子法和有限元法,但对各类裂纹构元获得J积分以及载荷-位移关系的解析公式以实现材料断裂韧性理论预测和材料测试是断裂力学的重要和困难的任务. 以J积分为参量的材料断裂测试中应用最广的是I型裂纹试样的断裂韧性测试. 本文在平面应变条件下,针对断裂韧性测试中使用的6种I型裂纹构元,基于能量等效假设,提出了J积分-载荷和载荷-位移的工程半解析统一表征方法,进而结合有限元分析的少量计算获得J积分-载荷和载荷-位移关系的半解析公式待定参数. 分析表明,6种I型裂纹构元的J积分-载荷和载荷-位移统一公式的预测结果与有限元结果吻合良好. 新提出的J积分-载荷工程半解析公式包含了材料的弹性模量、应力强度系数和应变硬化指数,能够广泛适应不同的材料,且运用该公式能够方便获取任意载荷点对应的J积分值. 应用新方法可便于获得各类I型裂纹构元的J积分-载荷和载荷-位移工程半解析公式.      

Multiple cracks in thermoelectroelastic bimaterials

The formulation for thermal stress and electric displacement in an infinite thermopiezoelectric plate with an interface and multiple cracks is presented. Using Green's function approach and the principle of superposition, a system of singular integral equations for the unknown temperature discontinuity defined on each crack face is developed and solved numerically. The formulation can then be used to calculate some fracture parameters such as the stress–electric displacement and strain energy density factor. The direction of crack growth for many cracks in thermopiezoelectric bimaterials is predicted by way of the strain energy density theory. Numerical results for stress–electric displacement factors and crack growth direction at a particular crack tip in two crack system of bimaterials are presented to illustrate the application of the proposed formulation.     

概率断裂分析的随机边界元法

应用随机边界元法分析材料弹性常数的随机性和裂纹面随机性对应力强度因子的影响。文中首先简介了随机边界元法，给出了具有随机材料或几何参数的弹性体的边界位移或面力的协方差，进而给出了材料参数和裂纹面随机时应力强度因子均值和方差的计算公式。算例中详细讨论了杨氏模量、泊松比及裂纹面的随机性对应力强度因子的影响。     

Rectangular tensile sheet with a center notch root crack

This paper deals with the rectangular tensile sheet with a center notch crack. Such a crack problem is called a center notch crack problem for short. By using a hybrid displacement discontinuity method (a boundary element method) proposed recently by Yan, two center notch models are analyzed in detail. By changing the geometrical forms and parameters of the center notch, and by comparing the SIFs of the center notch crack problem with those of the center cracked plate tension specimen (CCT), which is a model frequently used in fracture mechanics, the effect of the geometrical forms and parameters of the center notch on the stress intensity factors (SIFs) of the center cracked plate tension specimen, is revealed. Some geometric characterestic parameters are introduced here, which are used to formulate the notch length and the branch crack length, which are to be determined in mechanical machining of the center cracked plate tension specimen. So we can say that the geometric characterestic parameters and the formulae used to determine the notch length and the branch crack length presented in this paper perhaps have some guidance role for mechanical machining of the center cracked plate tension specimen. In addition, the numerical investigation proves that the conventional angular notched specimen is much less sensitive to the size of notch than is the circular notched specimen.     

表面裂纹问题瞬态响应的边界元分析

本文将拉氏变换-边界元法用于表面裂纹问题的瞬态响应分析。文中讨论了拉氏反演参数的选择和动态应力强度因子的计算方法。作为程序的考核和离散方案的选择,分别地计算了水平柱体一端固定、另一端受p(t)=poH(t)载荷时的位移响应和具有贯穿裂纹的厚板在两种离散方案时的动态应力强度因子响应。最后,还计算了若干载荷工况的半圆表面裂纹板应力强度因子的瞬态响应,获得了有效的数值结果。     

An effective boundary element method for analysis of crack problems in a plane elastic plate

A simple and effective boundary element method for stress intensity factor calculation for crack problems in a plane elastic plate is presented. The boundary element method consists of the constant displacement discontinuity element presented by Crouch and Starfield and the crack-tip displacement discontinuity elements proposed by YAN Xiangqiao. In the boundary element implementation the left or the right crack-tip displacement discontinuity element was placed locally at the corresponding left or right each crack tip on top of the constant displacement discontinuity elements that cover the entire crack surface and the other boundaries. Test examples (i. e. , a center crack in an infinite plate under tension, a circular hole and a crack in an infinite plate under tension) are included to illustrate that the numerical approach is very simple and accurate for stress intensity factor calculation of plane elasticity crack problems. In addition, specifically, the stress intensity factors of branching cracks emanating from a square hole in a rectangular plate under biaxial loads were analysed. These numerical results indicate the present numerical approach is very effective for calculating stress intensity factors of complex cracks in a 2-D finite body, and are used to reveal the effect of the biaxial loads and the cracked body geometry on stress intensity factors.     

Elastic displacements along the flanks of internal cracks in rubber

Biaxial tensile experiments with thin rubber sheets, containing an internal crack, reveal the possibility to simulate and readily check the exact linear-elastic crack-flank displacements. The resulting deformed shape and the final position during loading of an internal inclined crack in an infinite, biaxially loaded elastic plate, was defined by measuring the crack-flank displacements, and the deformation features of the internal crack in rubber sheets. The results were compared with the linear-elastic displacements and the respective features, which have been obtained from an infinitesimal elasticity theory.The calculation of these displacement and deformation properties for a given crack presupposes the determination of two parameters, which characterize the loading conditions of the boundaries of the elastic cracked plate. These parameters have been determined as Lagrangian or Eulerian ones from the homogeneous strains at the boundaries of the elastic sheet, assuming either a Hookean, or a neo-Hookean or a Mooney material behavior for the elastic sheet.It has been shown that, except for the vicinities of the crack tips and for the regions of the imposed boundary strains in the experiments, the observed crack-flank displacements agree satisfactorily with the respective displacements obtained from the infinitesimal theory, if the material behavior is assumed as a neo-Hookean one, and the boundary-loading parameters are calculated as Eulerian ones.     

PZT-4紧凑拉伸试样的断裂分析

基于线性压电材料的复势理论,通过解析分析,导出了一种分析有限压电板裂纹问题的解析数值方法. 首先,计算了含中心裂纹有限板的断裂参数,与Woo和Wang的解析数值法(Int J Fract, 1993, 62: 203$\sim$218)相比较,表明该方法具有很高的精度和很好的计算效率. 随后,采用该方法和有限元法计算了PZT-4紧凑拉伸试样在绝缘裂纹面边界条件下断裂时的断裂参数,发现各断裂参数的临界值分散性很大,不能作为压电材料的单参数断裂准则. 进而,针对试样真实的裂隙形状,采用有限元法计算了裂隙尖端的应力、电位移场,比较了裂隙内介质的介电性能对裂隙尖端场的影响,计算了带微裂纹的真实裂隙模型的断裂参数并进行了理论分析.      

Ductile–brittle transitions in the fracture of plastically-deforming,adhesively-bonded structures. Part I: Experimental studies

Rate effects for adhesively-bonded joints in steel sheets failing by mode-I fracture and plastic deformation were examined. Three types of test geometries were used to provide a range of crack velocities between 0.1 and 5000 mm/s: a DCB geometry under displacement control, a wedge geometry under displacement control, and a wedge geometry loaded under impact conditions. Two fracture modes were observed: quasi-static crack growth and dynamic crack growth. The quasi-static crack growth was associated with a toughened mode of failure; the dynamic crack growth was associated with a more brittle mode of failure. The experiments indicated that the fracture parameters for the quasi-static crack growth were rate independent, and that quasi-static crack growth could occur even at the highest crack velocities. Effects of rate appeared to be limited to the ease with which a transition to dynamic fracture could be triggered. This transition appeared to be stochastic in nature, it did not appear to be associated with the attainment of any critical value for crack velocity or loading rate. While the mode-I quasi-static fracture behavior appeared to be rate independent, an increase in the tendency for dynamic fracture to be triggered as the crack velocity increased did have the effect of decreasing the average energy dissipated during fracture at higher loading rates.     

复合材料断裂力学参量的实验测定

本文采用三维云纹干涉仪同步测量含裂纹复合材料弯曲板的面内位移场及离面位移场，并对离面位移场云纹图进行计算机自动采集和处理，编制了云纹数字图像处理软件。文中推导了正交异性复合材料弯曲问题的离面位移场表达式，得到了弯曲板裂纹尖端位移w与应力场强度因子K1的关系式。通过实测位移，结合裂尖位移场推导出应力强度因子K1值。