平面织物复合材料机械性能的数值细观力学分析

本文根据应变能等效原理,利用有限元分析方法,处理了单层平面织物复合材料弹性性质的细观力学估算问题.建立了平面织物增强树脂的单方向波纹模型,对于织物的结构,组分性质与复合材料的宏观性能的关系作了系统处理.给出了一组较完整的平面织物复合材料单层弹性常数的估算结果,数值予告与实验结果比较,表明文中所提出的方法是有效的,并且可以进一步用它来考虑更为完善的平面织物复合材料二维波纹模型的分析.     

高温下编织复合材料热相关参数识别方法研究

为了获取高温下编织复合材料的准确弹性参数与热膨胀系数,提出一种基于均匀化理论的热相关参数识别方法. 首先,在编织复合材料单胞有限元模型基础上,基于均匀化理论和热弹性理论,施加周期性位移边界条件和温度边界条件,预测编织复合材 料的热弹性相关参数. 然后,考虑到等效过程中编织复合材料应力分布不均匀等因素引起的误差,将复合材料精细模型的热模态数据作为补 充信息,识别编织复合材料热相关参数,对预测的材料参数进行校准. 本文在二维编织结构单胞模型基础上,开展等效预测和识别方法研 究,验证所提出方法的有效性和准确性. 对比等效和识别后热模态的误差,结果表明:本文提出的基于等效预测的参数识别方法,能够 准确识别高温下编织复合材料宏观热相关参数.      

高温下编织复合材料热相关参数识别方法研究

为了获取高温下编织复合材料的准确弹性参数与热膨胀系数,提出一种基于均匀化理论的热相关参数识别方法.首先,在编织复合材料单胞有限元模型基础上,基于均匀化理论和热弹性理论,施加周期性位移边界条件和温度边界条件,预测编织复合材料的热弹性相关参数.然后,考虑到等效过程中编织复合材料应力分布不均匀等因素引起的误差,将复合材料精细模型的热模态数据作为补充信息,识别编织复合材料热相关参数,对预测的材料参数进行校准.本文在二维编织结构单胞模型基础上,开展等效预测和识别方法研究,验证所提出方法的有效性和准确性.对比等效和识别后热模态的误差,结果表明:本文提出的基于等效预测的参数识别方法,能够准确识别高温下编织复合材料宏观热相关参数.     

基于动态显式分析的复合材料盒段失效模拟

为了研究复合材料结构失效过程并为强度设计提供分析依据,对结构进行失效模拟。在静态隐式分析中,材料的失效和破坏常常导致严重的不收敛。针对复合材料多墙盒段结构,采用动态显式分析方法对弯曲载荷工况进行了试验模拟。壁板和墙均采用层壳元,在上壁板中面嵌入一层体元模拟层间失效,利用用户自定义材料(VUMAT)的方法对材料性能进行连续衰减,并进行渐进式失效分析。分析表明,动态显式分析避免了不收敛问题,能比较准确地模拟复合材料盒段的失效过程,无论是应变、屈曲载荷、破坏载荷,还是破坏形式,分析结果均与试验结果吻合较好,屈曲载荷、破坏载荷的预测值与试验结果误差在7%以内。表明本文方法可以满足工程设计和分析要求。     

金沙江虎跳峡河段岸坡变形破坏的相关动力因子研究

石墨层和单臂碳纳米管都是以C---C共价键结合的. 在小变形条件下C---C键的势能可用谐和函 数来描述，这与梁单元的变形能具有相同的形式，因此可以用梁单元等效C---C键的作用. 提出了一种C---C键的等效梁单元有限元模型，该模型能够完备地替代谐和势描述C---C键的 伸长、面内键角变化、离面键角变化和扭转. 通过分析石墨层的典型受载情况得到了等效梁 单元的参数，以及等效梁单元参数与谐和势参数的关系，并用该模型计算了单臂碳纳米管的 杨氏模量和泊松比，计算结果为相关文献所验证.     

复合材料箱型结构的屈曲性态研究

采用带旋转自由度参数C^0类板（壳）单元，研究复合材料箱型结构的初始屈曲性态，在推导单元几何刚度阵时，同时考虑出平面位移和面内位移对膜应变的影响；着重讨论了不同材料正方形截面梁的长细比与欧拉临界力的关系，复合材料典型盒段的截面形式和铺设角，铺设次序对初始屈曲性态的影响。     

含黏弹性夹芯FG-GRC后屈曲梁的低速冲击响应

研究了含黏弹性夹芯的功能梯度石墨烯增强复合材料(functionally graded graphene reinforced composite, FG-GRC)后屈曲梁在低速跌落冲击下的跳跃振荡行为.采用修正Halpin-Tsai细观模型预测FG-GRC的材料宏观属性.使用赫兹点接触模型确定冲击器和梁之间的接触力.提出了考虑轴向预应力的复合材料层本构关系和阻尼层的Kelvin型黏弹性本构.通过一种广义高阶剪切变形锯齿梁模型建立夹芯梁的非线性位移场. 基于Hamilton 能量变分原理, 推导了动力学控制方程组. 通过两步分析,首先获得弹性后屈曲平衡路径作为冲击问题的初始状态. 随后, 结合四阶龙格库塔法,拓展了两步摄动-伽辽金法计算接触力的时程曲线以及后屈曲梁的位移时程曲线.研究了后屈曲梁在单次和两次撞击下双稳态大幅振荡过程的动力学特征.讨论了轴向载荷、冲击速度、黏弹性阻尼特性、冲击器材料等因素对于碰撞接触力以及后屈曲梁动力响应的影响规律.结果表明, 接触力仅对冲击速度较为敏感,一定的结构碰撞参数设计可以在接触力变化不大的情况下,使得后屈曲梁由单势能阱运动转变为双阱大幅振荡.      

一类多孔固体的等效偶应力动力学梁模型

一维多孔固体结构可采用等效连续介质梁模型来研究其动力学行为. 当类梁结构的高度尺寸和多孔固体单胞结构尺寸相近时,等效模型的力学行为会产生尺寸效应现象. 等效经典模型由于不包含尺度参数而无法描述尺寸相关特点,而广义连续介质力学模型则可以准确地考虑尺寸效应的影响. 基于偶应力理论,对一类单胞含有圆形孔洞的周期性多孔固体类梁结构,给出了分析其横向自由振动的等效连续介质铁木辛柯梁模型. 通过对单胞分析,在应变能等价和几何平均的意义下,定义了等效偶应力介质的材料常数. 利用已有的材料常数,推导了等效铁木辛柯梁的动力学微分方程. 将实际多孔固体结构进行完全的动力学有限元离散计算,所获得的解作为精确解以检验等效梁模型所获得的频率和振型的精度. 振型的比较借助于模态置信准则矩阵方法. 大量算例表明,等效偶应力铁木辛柯梁模型在频率和振型两方面均具有较高的计算精度. 重点研究了单胞孔径的相对大小、类梁结构高度与单胞尺寸比以及类梁结构长高比对等效梁模型精度的影响. 在此基础上,偏保守地建议了多孔固体类梁结构自振分析方法.      

基于迭代法的非线性弹性均质化研究

微观结构对复合材料的宏观力学性能具有至关重要的影响,通过合理设计复合材料微观结构可以得到期望的宏观性能.均质化方法作为一种有效的设计方法,它从微观结构的角度出发,利用均匀化的概念,实现了对复合材料宏观力学性能的预测和设计.而当考虑非线性因素,均质化的实现就非常困难.本文利用双渐近展开方法,将位移按照宏观位移和微观位移展开,推导了非线性弹性均质化方程.通过直接迭代法,对非线性弹性均质化方程进行了求解,并给出了具体的迭代方法和实现步骤.本文基于迭代步骤和非线性弹性均质化方程编写MATLAB程序,对3种典型本构关系的周期性多孔材料平面问题进行了计算,对比细致模型的应变能、最大位移和等效泊松比,对程序及迭代方法的准确性进行了验证.之后对一种三元橡胶基复合材料进行多尺度均质化,将其分为芯丝尺度和层间尺度.用线弹性的均质化方法得到了芯丝尺度的等效弹性参数,并将其作为层间尺度的材料参数.在层间尺度应用非线性弹性均质化方法对结构进行计算,得到材料的宏观等效性能,并以实验结果为基准进行评价.     

含黏弹性夹芯FG-GRC后屈曲梁的低速冲击响应

研究了含黏弹性夹芯的功能梯度石墨烯增强复合材料(functionally graded graphene reinforced composite,FG-GRC)后屈曲梁在低速跌落冲击下的跳跃振荡行为.采用修正Halpin-Tsai细观模型预测FG-GRC的材料宏观属性.使用赫兹点接触模型确定冲击器和梁之间的接触力.提出了考虑轴向预应力的复合材料层本构关系和阻尼层的Kelvin型黏弹性本构.通过一种广义高阶剪切变形锯齿梁模型建立夹芯梁的非线性位移场.基于Hamilton能量变分原理,推导了动力学控制方程组.通过两步分析,首先获得弹性后屈曲平衡路径作为冲击问题的初始状态.随后,结合四阶龙格库塔法,拓展了两步摄动-伽辽金法计算接触力的时程曲线以及后屈曲梁的位移时程曲线.研究了后屈曲梁在单次和两次撞击下双稳态大幅振荡过程的动力学特征.讨论了轴向载荷、冲击速度、黏弹性阻尼特性、冲击器材料等因素对于碰撞接触力以及后屈曲梁动力响应的影响规律.结果表明,接触力仅对冲击速度较为敏感,一定的结构碰撞参数设计可以在接触力变化不大的情况下,使得后屈曲梁由单势能阱运动转变为双阱大幅振荡.     

基于迭代法的非线性弹性均质化研究

微观结构对复合材料的宏观力学性能具有至关重要的影响, 通过合理设计复合材料微观结构可以得到期望的宏观性能. 均质化方法作为一种有效的设计方法, 它从微观结构的角度出发, 利用均匀化的概念, 实现了对复合材料宏观力学性能的预测和设计. 而当考虑非线性因素, 均质化的实现就非常困难. 本文利用双渐近展开方法, 将位移按照宏观位移和微观位移展开, 推导了非线性弹性均质化方程. 通过直接迭代法, 对非线性弹性均质化方程进行了求解, 并给出了具体的迭代方法和实现步骤. 本文基于迭代步骤和非线性弹性均质化方程编写MATLAB 程序, 对3种典型本构关系的周期性多孔材料平面问题进行了计算, 对比细致模型的应变能、最大位移和等效泊松比, 对程序及迭代方法的准确性进行了验证. 之后对一种三元橡胶基复合材料进行多尺度均质化, 将其分为芯丝尺度和层间尺度. 用线弹性的均质化方法得到了芯丝尺度的等效弹性参数, 并将其作为层间尺度的材料参数. 在层间尺度应用非线性弹性均质化方法对结构进行计算, 得到材料的宏观等效性能, 并以实验结果为基准进行评价.      

Thermoelastic characteristics of a composite solid with initial stresses

Thermoelastic problem for a composite solid with initial stresses is considered on the basis of the asymptotic homogenization method. The homogenized model is constructed by means of the two-scale asymptotic homogenization techniques. The major result of a present paper is that the effective (homogenized) thermoelastic characteristics of the composite material depend not only on local distributions of all types of material characteristics: local elastic properties, local thermoelastic properties, but also on local initial stresses. Therefore it is shown that for the inhomogeneous (composite) material local initial stresses contribute towards values of the effective characteristics of the material. This kind of interaction is not possible for the homogeneous materials. From the mathematical viewpoint, the asymptotic homogenization procedure is equivalent to the computation of G-limit of the corresponding operator. And the above noted phenomenon is based on the fact that in the considering case the G-limit of a sum is not equal to the sum of G-limits. The developed general homogenized model is illustrated in the particular case of the small initial stresses, which is common for the practical mechanical problems. The explicit formulas for the effective thermoelastic characteristics and numerical results are obtained for a laminated composite solid with the initial stresses.     

复合材料扭转轴截面微结构拓扑优化设计

提出复合材料扭转轴截面微结构拓扑优化设计新模型，模型的优化目标是获得具有最大宏观剪切特性加权和的单胞形式．通过模型和均匀化方法及优化技术可以获得优化的微结构单胞，进而改善或者得到最优宏观弹性特性的复合材料．为了便于制造和应用，胞体材料用来获得复合材料的极值剪切模量．最后的优化结果表明，该模型连同数值处理技巧可以非常有效地实现微结构的拓扑优化设计．     

Investigation of effective material properties in composites with internal defect or reinforcement particles

This paper is concerned with the investigation of the effective material properties of internally defective or particle-reinforced composites. An analysis was carried out with a novel method using the two-dimensional special finite element method mixing the concept of equivalent homogeneous materials. A formulation has been developed for a series of special finite elements containing an internal defect or reinforcement in order to assure the high accuracy especially in the vicinity of defects or reinforcements. The adoption of the special finite element can greatly simplify numerical modeling of particle-composites. The numerical result provides the effective material properties of particle-reinforced composite and explains that the size of particles has great influence on the material properties. Numerical examples also demonstrate the validity and versatility of the proposed method by comparing with existing results from literatures.     

Equivalent inhomogeneity method for evaluating the effective elastic properties of unidirectional multi-phase composites with surface/interface effects

A new technique is presented for evaluating the effective properties of linearly elastic, multi-phase unidirectional composites. Various effects on the fiber/matrix interfaces (perfect bond, homogeneously imperfect interfaces, uniform interphase layers) are allowed. The analysis of nano-composite materials based on the Gurtin and Murdoch model of material surface is also included. The basic idea of the approach is to construct a circular inhomogeneity in an infinite plane whose effects on the displacements and stresses at distant points are the same as those of a finite cluster of inhomogeneities (fibers of circular cross-section) arranged in a pattern representative of the composite material in question. The elastic properties of the equivalent inhomogeneity then define the effective elastic properties of the material. The volume ratio of the composite material is found after the size of the equivalent circular inhomogeneity is defined in the course of the solution procedure. This procedure is based on a semi-analytical solution of a problem of an infinite plane containing a cluster of non-overlapping circular inhomogeneities subjected to loading at infinity. The method works equally well for periodic and random composites and – importantly – eliminates the necessity for averaging either stresses or strains. New results for nano-composite materials are presented.     

缝纫复合材料层合板面内弹性模量分析

基于对缝纫孔附近局部细观结构的分析,提出了一种预测缝纫复合材料层合板面内力学性能的理论模型．从分析缝孔单胞的纤维弯曲几何特征入手,最终得到单向板及层合板的弹性常数．通过有限元分析研究了缝纫参数对复合材料层合板面内等效模量的影响．研究结果表明,缝纫造成单向板及层合板面内材料性质的不均匀,随着缝纫密度和缝纫线直径的增加,层合板的等效模量逐渐降低．     

Meshless method for nonlinear heat conduction analysis of nano-composites

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) may become ideal reinforcing materials for high-performance nano-composites due their exceptional properties. Still, much work is needed to be done before the potentials of CNT based composites can be fully realized. The evaluation of effective material properties of nano-composites is one of many difficult tasks. Simulations using continuum mechanics approach can play a significant role in the analysis of these composites. In the present work, nonlinear heat conduction analysis of CNT based composites has been carried out using continuum mechanics approach. Element free Galerkin method has been applied as a numerical tool. Thermal conductivities of nanotube and polymer matrix are assumed to vary quadratically with temperature. Picard and quasi-linearization schemes have been utilized to obtain the solution of a system of nonlinear equations. Cylindrical representative volume element has been used to evaluate the thermal properties of nano-composites. Present simulations show that the temperature dependent matrix thermal conductivity has a significant effect on the equivalent thermal conductivity of the composite, whereas temperature dependent nanotube thermal conductivity has a small effect on the equivalent thermal conductivity of the composite. The results obtained by Picard method have been found almost similar with those obtained by quasi-linearization approach.     

HT-7U超导托卡马克装置极向场线圈的等效弹性常数及其残余刚度

HT－7装置的超导极向场线圈由导管，超导材料和绝缘体组合而成，具有复杂的正交各向异性的性质。本文从微观力学的观点出发，将极向场线圈整体作为一种复合材料来考虑，采用微观力学的复合律和损伤力学的细观损伤模型，求出了极向场线圈的等效弹性常数和残余刚度；并且，残余刚度的计算结果已得到了实验验证。这些材料特性已被用于有限元分析的输入数据。     

复合材料周期性线弹性微结构的拓扑优化设计

提出复合材料周期性线弹性微结构拓扑优化设计的模型，模型1设计具有极值弹性特性的复合材料，模型2设计工况最刚微结构单胞。通过该模型和均匀化技术可以获得优化的微结构单胞，进而改善或者得到最优宏观特性的复合材料。为了便于制造和应用，用胞体材料而不是多相材料来得到复合材料的极值弹性特性和最大刚度。优化结果表明，该模型与数值方法相结合可以有效地实现微结构的拓扑优化设计。     

Three-dimensional stochastic analysis using a perturbation-based homogenization method for elastic properties of composite material considering microscopic uncertainty

This paper discusses evaluation of influence of microscopic uncertainty on a homogenized macroscopic elastic property of an inhomogeneous material. In order to analyze the influence, the perturbation-based homogenization method is used. A higher order perturbation-based analysis method for investigating stochastic characteristics of a homogenized elastic tensor and an equivalent elastic property of a composite material is formulated.As a numerical example, macroscopic stochastic characteristics such as an expected value or variance, which is caused by microscopic uncertainty in material properties, of a homogenized elastic tensor and homogenized equivalent elastic property of unidirectional fiber reinforced plastic are investigated. The macroscopic stochastic variation caused by microscopic uncertainty in component materials such as Young’s modulus or Poisson’s ratio variation is evaluated using the perturbation-based homogenization method. The numerical results are compared with the results of the Monte-Carlo simulation, validity, effectiveness and a limitation of the perturbation-based homogenization method is investigated. With comparing the results using the first-order perturbation-based method, effectiveness of a higher order perturbation is also investigated.