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混凝土拉伸断裂的细观数值分析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
根据混凝土试件拉伸和三点弯曲的物理模型,用梁-颗粒模型BPM 2D(B eam-Particle M ode l)模拟了混凝土拉伸和三点弯曲试件微裂纹的萌生、扩展直至试件宏观破坏的全过程。在梁-颗粒模型中用三种类型梁单元形成混凝土细观数值模型,每种类型梁单元的力学性质均按韦伯(W e ibu ll)分布随机赋值以模拟混凝土细观结构的非均匀性。数值模拟结果给出了混凝土拉伸应力-应变曲线和三点弯曲载荷-位移曲线,以及混凝土试件破坏过程最大应力分布图和裂纹扩展图。数值模拟结果显示混凝土破坏过程实际上就是微裂纹萌生、扩展、贯通,直到宏观裂纹产生导致混凝土失稳断裂的过程。通过对数值模拟结果的分析,揭示出混凝土在拉伸条件下裂纹尖端的拉应力集中是裂纹扩展的动力,混凝土组成材料力学性质的非均匀性是造成裂纹扩展路径曲折的重要原因。 相似文献
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脆性材料热-力耦合模型及热破裂数值分析方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对混凝土、岩石等脆性材料,利用热传导和热-力耦合的相关理论,并结合材料在细观尺度上的损伤演化规律,提出了一种考虑损伤的热-力耦合模型,并在原有材料破坏过程分析系统RFPA(Realistic Failure Process Analysis)模型的基础上建立了脆性材料热破裂过程分析的数值模拟方法.该方法考虑了脆性材料在细观层次上力学性质的非均匀性(包括强度、弹模、传导系数等),并通过统计分布函数建立了宏、细观力学性能之间的联系.对不同均匀程度材料的数值模拟结果表明:材料的非均匀性对热传导规律、热应力分布以及热破坏模式有较大的影响.材料热力学性质的非均匀性加剧了材料内部热应力分布的非均匀性,这是致使非均匀材料热破裂的一个重要因素.对稳态和瞬态热传导两种条件下的脆性介质破裂过程模拟分析表明,考虑瞬态热传导计算所得到的破裂区小于相同条件下稳态热传导所得到的结果,表明在热破裂过程分析中,应注重考虑瞬态热传导对破裂过程的影响. 相似文献
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基于对混凝土细观力学的认识,假定混凝土是由砂浆基质,骨料及它们之间的界面组成的三相复合材料,各组分的材料性质按照某个给定的Weibull分布来赋值,细观单元满足弹性损伤的本构关系,应用细观力学损伤模型研究了混凝土的宏观力学性质,并且通过有限元程序对中心裂缝混凝土试件在单向拉伸情况下的破坏过程进行了数值模拟.模拟结果表明,该模型可以用来研究单向载荷作用下混凝土结构的破坏机理. 相似文献
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不同围压作用下非均匀岩石水压致裂过程的数值模拟 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
从岩石细观非均匀性的特点出发,提出一个描述非均匀材料渗流和破裂相互作用的数值模型。在这个数值模型中,单元的力学、水力学性质根据统计分布而变化,以体现材料的随机不均质性,材料在开裂破坏过程中流体压力传递通过单元渗流,损伤耦合迭代来实现。算例表明,该模型能较好地模拟出岩石类材料在水力压裂作用下,微结构非均匀分布和不同围压比对破裂模式、失稳压力的影响,非均匀性导致试件的开裂压力、失稳压力明显不同,裂纹扩展路径不规则发展,模拟结果和实验结果较为一致。 相似文献
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采用最近开发的三维岩石破裂过程分析软件RFPA3D模拟单边裂纹紧凑拉伸断裂过程。试验中五个不同尺寸的岩样具有相同的力学性质参数分布,模拟结果得到了裂纹扩展中的应力场、位移场和声发射的空间分布以及单边裂纹扩展贯通的过程。单边裂纹拉伸断裂的路径是一个复杂的空间三维曲面,三维裂纹比二维裂纹更为复杂。分析了岩石试样的峰值强度和试样尺寸之间的关系。随着岩样尺寸的增加,峰值强度逐渐减小,并且延性破坏特征更加明显,模拟结果满足岩石的尺寸效应规律。最后模拟了三组不同均匀性的试样拉伸破坏过程,结果表明细观上的非均匀性对岩石尺寸效应有很大影响,随着非均匀性的增加,岩石宏观强度随之提高,即使在均匀材料中一样存在尺寸效应。 相似文献
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以自动元胞机CA(Cellular Automata)理论为基础,提出了一种CA计算模型,模拟混凝土、岩石等非均匀脆性材料的开裂过程,研究分析材料的变形性质和力学性能。文中给出了空间随机杆件方向余弦常量,推导了等效杆件截面面积计算公式,并通过数值试验证明了方法的有效性。 相似文献
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非均匀颗粒材料的类固-液相变行为及本构方程 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以非均匀颗粒介质为研究对象,采用三维离散元方法对其在不同密集度和剪切速率下的动
力过程进行了数值模拟,分析了其在由瞬时接触的快速流动向持续接触的准静态流动的转变
过程及其行为特点. 通过对不同材料性质下相变过渡区内颗粒材料的宏观应力、接触时间数、
配位数、团聚颗粒数量、有效摩擦系数等参量的计算,更加全面地描述了非均匀颗粒材料在
类固-液相变过程中的基本特征. 基于以上数值计算结果,建立了一个适用于颗粒材料
类固态、类液态以及其相变过程的本构方程,并通过剪切室实验结果验证了它的合理性. 相似文献
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Z.J. Yang X.T. Su J.F. Chen G.H. Liu 《International Journal of Solids and Structures》2009,46(17):3222-3234
A numerical method is developed to simulate complex two-dimensional crack propagation in quasi-brittle materials considering random heterogeneous fracture properties. Potential cracks are represented by pre-inserted cohesive elements with tension and shear softening constitutive laws modelled by spatially-varying Weibull random fields. Monte Carlo simulations of a concrete specimen under uni-axial tension were carried out with extensive investigation of the effects of important numerical algorithms and material properties on numerical efficiency and stability, crack propagation processes and load-carrying capacities. It was found that the homogeneous model led to incorrect crack patterns and load–displacement curves with strong mesh-dependence, whereas the heterogeneous model predicted realistic, complicated fracture processes and load-carrying capacity of little mesh-dependence. Increasing the variance of the tensile strength random fields with increased heterogeneity led to reduction in the mean peak load and increase in the standard deviation. The developed method provides a simple but effective tool for assessment of structural reliability and calculation of characteristic material strength for structural design. 相似文献
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采用新型Ⅱ型动态断裂测试技术,对高强钢40Cr在高加载速率下的Ⅱ型动态断裂特性进行了测试研究。基于新设计的Ⅱ型动态断裂试样和分离式霍普金森压杆(split Hopkinson pressure bar, SHPB)技术,通过实验-数值方法确定了裂尖在加载过程中的应力强度因子曲线。采用应变片法确定了试样的起裂时间,最终得到40Cr的Ⅱ型动态断裂韧性值,并对其加载速率相关性和材料的失效机理进行了研究。结果表明,在1.08~5.53 TPa·m1/2/s的加载速率范围内,40Cr的Ⅱ型动态断裂韧性基本表现为与加载速率成正相关的变化趋势。通过对试样断口形貌的分析,确定了材料的失效模式及机理,发现随着加载速率的增加,存在拉伸型失效向绝热剪切型失效模式转变的现象。 相似文献
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Effects of non-uniform strains on tensile fracture of fiber-reinforced ceramic–matrix composites have not been satisfactorily explained by existing mechanics-based models. In this paper, we use an exact model of fiber fragmentation under global load sharing conditions to predict fracture in three model problems in which non-uniform strains occur: (i) an end-constrained plate subject to a linear transverse temperature gradient; (ii) an internally-pressurized cylindrical tube with a linear through-thickness temperature gradient; and (iii) a rectangular beam under combined bending and tension. Fracture is assumed to occur when the global load reaches a maximum value. Approximations to the exact fragmentation model are also assessed, with the goal of decoupling the effects of two important parts of the computed stress–strain response: the rate of post-peak strain softening and the magnitude of the plateau “flow” stress once fiber fragmentation is complete. We find that for cases in which the fiber Weibull modulus is low and hence its plateau strength is high relative to its peak and the loading yields a sufficiently high strain gradient, the failure strain lies in the plateau regime. Consequently, the results can be predicted with good accuracy using a perfectly-plastic representation of the post-peak response. In contrast, for cases in which the fiber Weibull modulus is high, the failure strain lies in the softening portion of the curve. Here a linear-softening model is found to yield accurate results. A preliminary assessment of the model has been made by comparing predicted and measured bending/tension strength and failure strain ratios for one specific composite. The correlations appear good, though additional experiments are required in order to critically assess the model predictions over a range of loading scenarios. 相似文献
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We obtain analytical approximations to the probability distribution of the fracture strengths of notched one-dimensional rods and two-dimensional plates in which the stiffness (Young’s modulus) and strength (failure strain) of the material vary as jointly lognormal random fields. The fracture strength of the specimen is measured by the elongation, load, and toughness at two critical stages: when fracture initiates at the notch tip and, in the 2D case, when fracture propagates through the entire specimen. This is an extension of a previous study on the elastic and fracture properties of systems with random Young’s modulus and deterministic material strength (Dimas et al., 2015a). For 1D rods our approach is analytical and builds upon the ANOVA decomposition technique of (Dimas et al., 2015b). In 2D we use a semi-analytical model to derive the fracture initiation strengths and regressions fitted to simulation data for the effect of crack arrest during fracture propagation. Results are validated through Monte Carlo simulation. Randomness of the material strength affects in various ways the mean and median values of the initial strengths, their log-variances, and log-correlations. Under low spatial correlation, material strength variability can significantly increase the effect of crack arrest, causing ultimate failure to be a more predictable and less brittle failure mode than fracture initiation. These insights could be used to guide design of more fracture resistant composites, and add to the design features that enhance material performance. 相似文献
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H.L. Yu 《Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics》2010,54(1):54-62
Nonlinear dynamic finite element analysis (FEA) is conducted to simulate the fracture of unnotched Charpy specimens of steel under pendulum impact loading by a dedicated, oversized and nonstandard Bulk Fracture Charpy Machine (BFCM). The impact energy needed to fracture an unnotched Charpy specimen in a BFCM test can be two orders of magnitude higher than the typical impact energy of a Charpy V-notch specimen. To predict material failure, a phenomenological, stress triaxiality dependent fracture initiation criterion and a fracture evolution law in the form of strain softening are incorporated in the constitutive relations. The BFCM impact energy results obtained from the FEA simulations compare favorably with the corresponding experimental data. In particular, the FEA predicts accurately the correlations of the BFCM impact energy with such factors as specimen geometry, impactor tup width and material type. The analyses show that a specimen’s progressive deterioration through the thickness dimension displays a range of shear to ductile fracture modes, demonstrating the necessity of applying a stress state dependent fracture initiation criterion. Modeling the strain softening behavior helps to capture the residual load carrying capability of a ductile metal or alloy beyond the onset of damage. The total impact energy can be significantly under predicted if a softening branch is not included in the stress-strain curve. This research supports a study of the puncture failure of railroad tank cars under dynamic impact loading. Applications of the presented fracture model in failure analyses of other structures are further discussed. 相似文献
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混凝土拉伸软化曲线折线近似的逆解方法 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
研究基于Hillerborg的虚拟裂纹模型,利用有限元分析方法,求得折线近似的拉伸软化曲线的逆解方法。对弹性模量,初始开裂应力的决定方法进行了研究。以双直线模型的计算结果为算例进行了逆推分析,算例符合得很好。也较好地从实验得到的荷载位移曲线再现了拉伸软化曲线。这对于研究混凝土的断裂能,尺寸效应等问题很具意义。 相似文献
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Shiyong Sun Haoran Chen Xiaozhi Hu Zhanjun Wu 《Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica》2009,22(3):276-282
Model I quasi-static nonlinear fracture of aluminum foams is analyzed by considering the effect of microscopic heterogeneity. Firstly, a continuum constitutive model is adopted to account for the plastic compressibility of the metallic foams. The yield strain modeled by a two- parameter Weibull-type function is adopted in the constitutive model. Then, a modified cohesive zone model is established to characterize the fracture behavior of aluminum foams with a cohesive zone ahead of the initial crack. The tensile traction versus local crack opening displacement relation is employed to describe the softening characteristics of the material. And a Weibull statistical model for peak bridging stress within the fracture process zone is used for considering microscopic heterogeneity of aluminum foams. Lastly, the influence of stochastic parameters on the curve of stress-strain is given. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the numerical model presented in this paper and the effects of Weibull parameters and material properties on J-integral are discussed. 相似文献
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《Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica》2016,(5)
A three-stage model is introduced to describe the tensile failure process of rock and concrete materials.Failure of the material is defined to contain three stages in the model,which include elastic deformation stage,body damage stage and localization damage stage.The failure mode change from uniform body damage to localization damage is expressed.The heterogeneity of material is described with strain strength distribution.The fracture factor and intact factor,defined as the distribution function of strain strength,are used to express the fracture state in the failure process.And the distributive parameters can be determined through the experimental stress-strain curve. 相似文献
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A pseudo-elastic damage-accumulation model is developed by application of the strain energy density theory. The three-point bending specimen is analyzed to illustrate the crack growth characteristics according to a linear elastic softening constitutive law that is typical of concrete materials. Damage accumulation is accounted for by the decrease of elastic modulus and fracture toughness. Both of these effects are assessed by means of the strain energy density functions in the elements around a slowly moving crack. The rate of change of the strain energy density factor S with crack growth as expressed by the relation dS/da = constant is shown to describe the failure behavior of concrete. Results are obtained for different loading steps that yield different slopes of lines in an S versus a (crack length) plot. The lines rotate about the common intersect in an anti-clockwise direction as the load steps are increased. The intersect shifts upward according to increase in the specimen size. In this way, the combined interaction of material properties, load steps and specimen geometry and size are easily analyzed in terms of the failure mode or behavior that can change from the very brittle to the ductile involving stable crack growth. An upper limit on specimen or structural size is established beyond which stable crack growth ceases to occur and failure corresponds to unstable crack propagation or catastrophic fracture. The parameters that control the failure mode are the threshold values of the strain energy density function (dW/dV)c and the strain energy density factor Sc. 相似文献