复合材料正交叠层板最终拉伸强度的细观统计分析

本文对复合材料正交叠层板［０／９０／０］的最终拉伸破坏行为进行了研究．首先，提出一种修正的剪滞分析方法，求解叠层中由９０°层的基体开裂和０°层的部分纤维断裂相互作用所导致的应力重新分布；然后，采用随机临界核统计模型，对叠层板的最终破坏进行了细观统计分析．对［Ｏ＿２／９０＿ｍ］＿ｓ、［Ｏ＿４／９０＿ｍ］＿ｓ碳／环氧和［Ｏ＿４／９０＿ｍ］＿ｓ玻璃／环氧的计算结果表明，估计的最终拉伸强度与现有的实验结果有较好的符合．     

用广义胞元法研究弱界面复合材料偏轴拉伸强度

本文用广义胞元法结合应力集中系数模型，从细观、宏观力学结合的角度，预测了弱界面复合材料偏轴拉伸强度值．用广义胞元法/高精度广义胞元法计算复合材料开裂前和开裂后的应力场，引入基体应力集中系数以得到基体真实应力．在计算真实应力时根据宏观试验现象考量是否对界面开裂后的复合材料进行刚度衰减，最终形成4种方案计算出复合材料的偏轴拉伸强度．通过对比芳纶纤维和亚麻纤维两种弱界面复合材料的偏轴拉伸强度试验值，找到了最可靠的预报方案并具有良好的预报精度．     

角铺设复合材料层合板内部脱层破坏的研究

在面内剪切外载作用下，角铺设复合材料层板板最终的宏观破坏模式是脱层，然而从细观角度来看，宏观的脱层破坏可以对应不同的细观损伤过程，以破坏面的形貌为例，有些破坏面的形貌为例，有些破坏面主要由裸露的纤维和纤维迹组成，而有些破坏面则主要由矩齿形基体材料组成。不同的过程对应着不同的力学性能、诸如脱层强度、韧性等、本文从细观角度研究了脱层破坏过程，并就铺设角、界面强度、基体开裂强度对该过程的影响进行了讨论。     

用蒙特卡罗方法模拟单向复合材料的拉伸断裂过程

通过采用改进的剪滞模型，假定界面不发生破坏，求得不同基体纤维刚度比μ（μ＝ＥｍＶｍ／ＥｆＶｆ）不同基体韧性情况下断裂纤维附近的应力集中系数，然后通过蒙特卡罗方法模拟单向复合材料的拉伸断裂过程，比较若干情况下复合材料的拉伸强度，找出提高复合材料拉伸强度的方法。     

割口单向叠层板的拉伸应力集中与强度

基于剪滞理论,建立一种分层剪滞模型,分析了含割口的单向叠层板在拉伸载荷作用下的应力重新分布问题,获得了割口前缘完整纤维的应力集中因子.在此基础上,采用细观统计破坏理论,研究了割口单向叠层板的拉伸破坏强度,得到了与现有实验较吻合的结果.     

共晶基陶瓷复合材料的强度模型

根据细观结构内界面的强约束特性,通过纤维-基体内界面切应力确定了共晶陶瓷棒体的细观应力场.然后分析了两相界面处位错塞积产生的应力集中,获得基体内的最大应力,当最大拉应力等于基体理论断裂强度时,得到共晶棒体的断裂强度的解析表达式.考虑共晶陶瓷棒体长度和方位的随机性,根据概率理论得到共晶陶瓷基复合材料的宏观强度的理论模型.结果表明复合材料的宏观强度与亚微米纤维的直径和长度、以及亚微米纤维、基体、共晶陶瓷棒体的弹性常数有关.理论与实验结果十分接近,说明文中理论模型是合理的,同时证明了共晶界面对陶瓷复合材料的重要影响.     

纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料疲劳迟滞回线模型研究

纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料初始加载到疲劳峰值应力时,基体出现裂纹,纤维/基体界面发生脱粘.在疲劳载荷作用下,纤维相对基体在界面脱粘区往复滑移使得陶瓷基复合材料出现疲劳迟滞现象.建立了纤维陶瓷基复合材料疲劳迟滞回线细观力学模型,采用断裂力学方法确定了初始加载纤维/基体界面脱粘长度、卸载界面反向滑移长度与重新加载新界面滑移长度,分析了4种不同界面滑移情况的疲劳迟滞回线.假设正交铺设与编织陶瓷基复合材料疲劳迟滞回线主要受0?铺层、轴向纱线内纤维/基体界面滑移的影响,预测了单向、正交铺设与编织陶瓷基复合材料在不同峰值应力与不同循环的疲劳迟滞回线,与试验结果吻合.     

INVESTIGATION ON FATIGUE HYSTERESIS LOOPS MODELS OF FIBRE-REINFORCED CERAMIC-MATRIX COMPOSITES

纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料初始加载到疲劳峰值应力时, 基体出现裂纹, 纤维/基体界面发生脱粘. 在疲劳载荷作用下, 纤维相对基体在界面脱粘区往复滑移使得陶瓷基复合材料出现疲劳迟滞现象. 建立了纤维陶瓷基复合材料疲劳迟滞回线细观力学模型, 采用断裂力学方法确定了初始加载纤维/基体界面脱粘长度、卸载界面反向滑移长度与重新加载新界面滑移长度, 分析了4种不同界面滑移情况的疲劳迟滞回线. 假设正交铺设与编织陶瓷基复合材料疲劳迟滞回线主要受0°铺层、轴向纱线内纤维/基体界面滑移的影响, 预测了单向、正交铺设与编织陶瓷基复合材料在不同峰值应力与不同循环的疲劳迟滞回线, 与试验结果吻合.     

金属基复合材料的强度与损伤分析

用细观计算力学的方法分析了金属基复合材料(MMC)多重损伤与强度的关系,采用唯象的内聚力模型模拟纤维/基体界面的脱粘和采用G-T模型描述韧性基体的损伤.并用上述模型分析了长纤维增强MMC在横向荷载作用下损伤演化的规律,讨论了不同界面性质与材料强度及损伤、破坏模式之间的关系.     

陶瓷颗粒增强金属基复合材料的细观强度分析

陶瓷颗粒增强金属基复合材料的失效主要有界面脱粘、增强粒子开裂等新的细观结构损伤机制。为了减小这些不足并对细观失效过程有一个清晰的了解,近来人们对金属基复合材料进行了大量研究,在此基础上,本文用细观力学的方法和损伤模型研究了陶瓷颗粒增强金属基复合材料的强度和损伤失效。为了计算方便,陶瓷颗粒简化为在复合材料中随机分布的椭球形粒子,然后以二相胞元模型计算分析了金属基体、颗粒中的应力应变分布情况,结果表明,基体中应力极不均匀,界面区存在应力集中,并计算了界面弧形裂纹扩展时的能量。最后分别提出了基体,颗粒和界面的失效强度准则,本文结果对于颗粒增强金属基复合材料具有普遍的实用性。     

一种基于直接计算高阶奇异积分的断裂力学双边界积分方程分析法

相对于有限元法,边界单元法在求解断裂问题上有着独特的优势,现有的边界单元法中主要有子区域法和双边界积分方程法.采用一种改进的双边界积分方程法求解二维、三维断裂问题的应力强度因子,对非裂纹边界采用传统的位移边界积分方程,只需对裂纹面中的一面采用面力边界积分方程,并以裂纹间断位移为未知量直接用于计算应力强度因子.采用一种高阶奇异积分的直接法计算面力边界积分方程中的超强奇异积分;对于裂纹尖端单元,提供了三种不同形式的间断位移插值函数,采用两点公式计算应力强度因子.给出了多个具体的算例,与现存的精确解或参考解对比,可得到高精度的计算结果.     

汶川地震诱发文家沟巨型滑坡 碎屑流基本特征及成因机制初步分析

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2008年5月12日,汶川M80地震在四川省绵竹市清平乡文家沟内诱发一巨型滑坡。通过现场调查得知,滑坡前后缘高差455m,厚度20～30m,滑面为基岩层面,初始方量2750×107m3。滑体在运动中转化为碎屑流。滑坡-碎屑流总的水平运动距离为4022m,垂直运动距离为1443m,遗留的堆积物体积达5×107m3。滑坡距映秀—北川断裂仅36km,位于其下盘,地震烈度达XI度。滑坡导致文家沟中48人遇害,并形成一条完整的地震次生地质灾害链。初步分析表明滑坡启动速度快,滑坡向碎屑流转化过程明显、地点明确。碎屑流运动过程复杂,伴有强烈的“气垫效应”和“前缘气浪冲击效应”。作者认为,文家沟滑坡的高启动速度是长持时强烈地震动作用的结果,与山体的猛烈碰撞是导致滑体解体并转化为碎屑流的原因。     

Preface: Orbits around asteroid

One of the core issues in modern celestial mechanics is the orbital dynamics in the near-regime gravitational field of as- teroids, which provides deep insights into the mathematical nature of a class of nonlinear systems, and plays as a critical basis for in situ explorations of different science goals. Lots of efforts have been made to reveal the characteristics of orbital motion in the vicinity of asteroids, and to improve the skills of asteroid research in methodology.     

Effet de l'anisotropie élastique cristalline sur la distribution des facteurs de Schmid à la surface des polycristauxInfluence of crystalline elasticity anisotropy on Schmid factor distribution at the free surface of polycrystals

Experimental studies of the plasticity mechanisms of polycrystals are usually based on the Schmid factor distribution supposing crystalline elasticity isotropy. A numerical evaluation of the effect of crystalline elasticity anisotropy on the apparent Schmid factor distribution at the free surface of polycrystals is presented. Cubic elasticity is considered. Order II stresses (averaged on all grains with the same crystallographic orientation) as well as variations between averages computed on grains with the same crystallographic orientation but with different neighbour grains are computed. The Finite Element Method is used. Commonly studied metals presenting an increasing anisotropy degree are considered (aluminium, nickel, austenite, copper). Concerning order II stresses in strongly anisotropic metals, the apparent Schmid factor distribution is drifted towards small Schmid factor values (the maximum Schmid factor is equal to 0.43 instead of 0.5) and the slip activation order between characteristic orientations of the crystallographic standard triangle is modified. The computed square deviations of the stresses averaged on grains with the same crystallographic orientation but with different neighbour grains are a bit higher than the second order ones (inter-orientation scatter). Our numerical evaluations agree quantitatively with several observations and measures of the literature concerning stress and strain distribution in copper and austenite polycrystals submitted to low amplitude loadings. Hopefully, the given apparent Schmid factor distributions could help to better understand the observations of the plasticity mechanisms taking place at the free surface of polycrystals. To cite this article: M. Sauzay, C. R. Mecanique 334 (2006).     

Nonlinear behavior of matrix-inclusion composites under high confining pressure: application to concrete and mortar

This paper is devoted to a micromechanics-based simulation of the response of concrete to hydrostatic and oedometric compressions. Concrete is described as a composite made up of a cement matrix in which rigid inclusions are embedded. The focus is put on the role of the interface between matrix and inclusion which represent the interfacial transition zone (ITZ). A plastic behavior is considered for both the matrix and the interfaces. The effective response of the composite is derived from the modified secant method adapted to the situation of imperfect interfaces. To cite this article: T.H. Le et al., C. R. Mecanique 336 (2008).     

Dynamics and Breakup of Viscoelastic Liquids (A Review)

The phenomena of hydrodynamic breakup of liquid jets, drops, films, bridges, and filaments are reviewed for liquids with viscoelastic properties. The reasons for breakup are capillary instabilities, collisions with rigid obstacles, and other forms of dynamic action. The relationship between the properties of the liquids and the features of the breakup process is discussed.     

Flow stability analysis and excitation using pulsating jets

Classical flow stability applied to transition from laminar to turbulent flow may also describe the behavior of vorticity fluctuations created by a pulsating jet placed along a solid boundary. A numerical laminar flow experiment involving a pulsating jet placed along the surface of a duct with flow separation downstream, resulted in eliminating most part of the separated flow region. Applying the same approach to a turbulent flow, it was possible to develop a turbulent stability flow formulation and apply successfully turbulent pulsating jet flow separation control. To cite this article: D. Skamnakis, K. Papailiou, C. R. Mecanique 333 (2005).