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1.
筒仓动态侧压力增大机理的试验研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用薄膜传感器和土压力传感器进行模型筒仓压力试验研究,比较两种试验方法的测试精度,探索动态侧压力计算方法与增大机理。结果表明:试验静态侧压力与深仓规范值吻合较好;卸料过程中动态侧压力增大,最大超压系数为2.107;薄膜传感器相对于土压力传感器测试结果更加精确。最后,通过观察卸料过程中物料流态变化,分析了流态变化对动态压力的影响。  相似文献   

2.
基于球单元组合颗粒模型的筒仓卸粮速度场演化机理研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
由于现有的单一球单元模型不能客观反映颗粒之间以及颗粒与筒仓仓壁之间接触的实际情况,本文提出了一种组合颗粒模型。以室内卸粮物理试验为基础,基于该组合颗粒模型进行离散元模拟,研究了卸粮速度场的时空变化,并对比分析了仓壁动态压力变化。研究结果表明:(1)改进的组合颗粒模型相比传统的ball单元模型,卸粮时间大幅增加,且动态侧压力波动幅度增大;(2)组合颗粒模型相比原模型中心颗粒垂直速度更小,而仓壁处颗粒由于剪切带颗粒堆积,两模型的垂直速度并无明显差别;(3)颗粒的水平速度波动与仓壁的动态压力波动呈同种变化趋势,且组合模型颗粒水平速度变化幅度较原模型更大;(4)组合模型由于颗粒间空隙较小、摩擦较为充分,在中心卸粮过程中会周而复始地出现压力拱现象,因此其中心颗粒的转动角速度(较仓壁处)的增长幅度更大。本文建立的组合颗粒模型能更准确地模拟筒仓卸粮动态物理特征变化,可广泛应用于粮食散体细观力学模拟等领域。  相似文献   

3.
筒仓泄料过程中阻塞现象的数值模拟   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
基于颗粒材料离散颗粒模型及颗粒流方案,通过数值试验研究了筒仓泄料过程中影响颗粒流发生阻塞的若干因素,给出了阻塞概率随筒仓底部开口半径及倾角、颗粒间摩擦系数及颗粒粒径分布的关系曲线.基于颗粒簇的概念,进一步研究了颗粒形状的影响,并对颗粒材料阻塞时的力链分布特征进行简要分析.  相似文献   

4.
不同细料含量土石混合料塑性行为离散元模拟   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
王涛  朱俊高  刘斯宏 《力学学报》2022,54(4):1075-1084
土石混合料是指由大粒径的块石和作为填充成分的细粒土组成的二元混合料, 其塑性行为与细料含量密切相关. 目前对细粒含量如何影响土石混合料塑性行为及其细观机制的研究尚不充分, 为此本文开展了不同细料含量土石混合料的二维离散元数值模拟, 基于二阶功失稳准则与细观力学理论, 探究了细料含量对石料骨架土石混合料失稳特性与非关联流动特性的影响, 并揭示了细料含量影响土石混合料塑性力学行为的细观机制. 研究结果表明, 细颗粒可通过限制集合体塑性变形从而起到促进集合体整体稳定的作用; 细颗粒控制颗粒集合体塑性变形的方向(即塑性势面法方向), 随着细料含量增大, 土石混合料的塑性势面法方向和屈服面法方向之间的夹角减小, 非关联流动性减弱, 材料分岔失稳区域变窄; 尽管加入到石颗粒中的部分细颗粒与石颗粒共同承担骨架作用, 但是细颗粒的加入不影响颗粒集合体的力学状态, 不改变材料屈服面法方向. 相关研究结果可为建立考虑细料含量的土石混合料弹塑性本构模型提供理论依据.   相似文献   

5.
吴坤  刘向军  戴椰凌 《力学学报》2021,53(10):2752-2761
颗粒移动床在工业领域应用广泛, 发展实用可靠的颗粒移动床模型具有理论和应用价值. 本文基于颗粒流μ(I)模型, 补充局部颗粒体积分数与颗粒局部压力和局部颗粒流密度的关系式, 将移动床内密集颗粒处理成可压缩拟流体, 建立了颗粒流单相可压缩流μ(I)模型, 并建立了颗粒流?壁面摩擦条件, 在计算中对颗粒流拟黏度和拟压力项进行正则化处理. 采用上述模型与方法对3种典型散料在移动床缩口料仓内的流动进行模拟, 与实验对比, 得到了玻璃珠、刚玉球和粗沙的μ(I)模型参数, 分析了3种不同散料在料仓内的颗粒速度、体积分数等分布特性, 模拟结果较好地揭示了料仓内不同物料的整体流和漏斗流特性; 进而以玻璃珠为例, 对移动床颗粒单管绕流流动进行了模拟, 所得结果合理揭示了管流附近的流动特性. 计算结果表明, 对于本文的计算工况, 颗粒体积分数变化最大范围为0.510 ~ 0.461, 绝大部分区域流动惯性数小于0.1, 改进的单相μ(I)模型能合理预测出密集颗粒流移动床内的流动特性, 方法可行且较多相流算法能明显减小计算量.   相似文献   

6.
结合颗粒物质力学理论,通过离散元法实现铁粉末压制过程模拟并通过压制方程进行验证,针对粉末体系中的力链演化问题,提出力链特征定量分析方式,进一步通过分析不同颗粒间摩擦系数、侧壁摩擦系数与颗粒运动状态转变的方式,探讨摩擦特性对力链量化特征的影响,从而建立摩擦行为与力链演化间的联系. 研究结果表明:随颗粒间摩擦系数增大,整体力链数目变少,力链方向系数、承载不均匀度及单位屈曲度均变大,而随侧壁摩擦系数增大,力链特征差异较小,则颗粒间摩擦系数较侧壁摩擦系数对力链特征演化具有更显著影响. 同时发现,颗粒接触状态的改变与力链特征演化间具有对应性. 研究成果将进一步拓展粉末压制中考虑摩擦行为及力链演化过程在内的粉体致密化行为理论.   相似文献   

7.
段总样  赵云华  徐璋 《力学学报》2021,53(10):2656-2666
颗粒与壁面的相互作用往往对颗粒流动具有显著影响. 为研究颗粒与壁面作用机理, 对滚筒内颗粒流动过程进行离散单元法(DEM)数值模拟. 基于模拟结果统计分析靠近壁面处颗粒的运动特征, 结果表明, 小摩擦系数时颗粒平动和旋转速度均近似满足正态分布, 但由于壁面影响, 摩擦系数增大时颗粒沿滚筒轴向的旋转速度偏离正态分布, 颗粒动力学理论推导壁面边界条件时应考虑速度正态分布的修正及速度脉动的各向异性. 采用人工神经网络(ANN)构建了颗粒无因次旋转温度、滑移速度和平动温度之间的函数模型, 进而可以在常规双流模型壁面边界条件中考虑颗粒旋转的影响. 基于DEM模拟及结果分析可以为壁面边界条件的理论构造和半经验修正提供基础数据和封闭模型.   相似文献   

8.
碎石料直剪实验的组合颗粒单元数值模拟   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
通过构造三维组合颗粒单元来描述颗粒间的互锁效应,对非规则颗粒材料的力学行为进行了离散元数值模拟,并通过碎石料的直剪实验进行了验证.该组合颗粒的质量与碎石块具有相同的概率分布特性,其几何形态则由不同数目、镶嵌尺寸、组合方位和粒径的球形颗粒进行随机构造.组合颗粒单元在局部与整体坐标之间的转动、力矩和方位关系通过四元素方法进行确定;颗粒之间的作用力采用具有Mohr-Coulomb摩擦定侓的Hertz-Mindlin 非线性接触模型,并考虑了非线性法向粘滞力的影响.在不同的法向应力下,对碎石料在直剪实验中的剪切应力和剪胀现象进行了离散元模拟,计算结果与实测结果相吻合;此外,在不同的法向应力和接触摩擦系数下,对碎石料的有效摩擦系数进行了计算和讨论.本文工作验证了组合颗粒单元在非规则颗粒材料的离散元模拟中的可行性.  相似文献   

9.
颗粒材料剪切流动状态转变的环剪试验研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
季顺迎  孙珊珊  陈晓东 《力学学报》2016,48(5):1061-1072
颗粒材料的剪切流动行为广泛地存在于滑坡、泥石流等自然灾害以及矿物原料传输、泵送等工业过程中.颗粒材料在不同体积分数、剪切速率和应力约束下会表现出不同的流动状态并发生相互转化.对颗粒材料在剪切流动过程中力学特性的研究有助于加深理解其发生不同流动状态的内在机理,为解决相应的颗粒材料问题提供理论依据.为此,本文研制了颗粒材料剪切流动的中型环剪仪,并对颗粒材料在不同法向约束应力和剪切速率下的剪切应力和体积膨胀率进行了测试.结果表明,剪切应力和体积膨胀率均随剪切速率的增大而增大,但增长速率在临界剪切速率处发生转变,使其随剪切速率的平方呈分段式线性增长.通过对颗粒材料在不同剪切速率和惯性数下有效摩擦系数变化趋势的分析,讨论了颗粒材料由慢速流向快速流转化的基本规律,以及在临界剪切速率处发生流动状态转化的内在条件.此外,通过对不同法向应力下临界剪切速率以及快速流动下运动规律的测试,发现临界剪切速率随法向应力的增加而减小,即法向应力可促进颗粒材料由慢速流向快速流的转化,但在快速流动状态下的有效摩擦系数对法向应力不敏感.以上对颗粒材料在不同剪切速率、法向应力下流动状态的环剪试验研究有助于揭示其发生不同流动状态转化的内在机理.  相似文献   

10.
散料在料仓内流动特性的实验研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
傅磊  谢洪勇  刘桦 《力学季刊》2003,24(4):482-487
用振动筛测量多种散料的筛分尺寸,测量散料的容积密度、安息角,用应变直剪仪进行散料内摩擦角、壁面摩擦角的测量,分析了散料颗料的形状、尺寸对散料的安息角、内摩擦角、壁面摩擦角的影响。用示踪法进行了圆筒内散料重力场中颗粒流线和等时线的试验,以及出口直径与流量的关系、筒仓内散料高度对流量的影响的试验,流量与筒仓内散料高度关系的试验。分析了散料各物性参数对散料流动性的影响,为散料存贮和运输设备的结构设计提供实验依据。  相似文献   

11.
Obtaining a reliable discharge of particulate solids from a storage silo is a prerequisite to securing operational adequacy in solids handling processes. If a silo is poorly designed, an unreliable interrupted discharge often occurs. In this study, an in-house finite element (FE) program was modified to predict the particulate solids flow patterns during discharges from silos, and the effect of a double-cone insert on such flow patterns. In FE modeling, a Eulerian approach was adopted with an assumption of steady-state flow—a state that greatly facilitated investigations on the effects of double-cone inserts on the flow of particulate solids. Predictions were carried out on whether the discharge was in mass flow or funnel flow, associated with the inclination angle of the silo's hopper. Predicted results were in agreement with the Jenike Chart, and proved that an upper lateral pressure ratio value gave a better critical hopper half angle to achieve mass flow (EN 1991-4, 2006). The shape and size of the stagnant zone were further discussed to address the flow channel boundary between the flowing and static solids if the discharge was in a funnel pattern. Results also showed the effects of a double-cone insert on the flow patterns which converted silos from funnel flow to mass flow up to a certain hopper inclination angle and would improve the flow pattern even for shallower angles. Experiments were carried out to verify some of the predicted results. Some qualitative comparisons were made between the predicted results and experimental measurements, which indicated that further efforts are needed in predicting the shape of the stagnant zone (flow channel boundary) during funnel flow discharges.  相似文献   

12.
This paper introduces a finite-element solution for simulating the filling process of ground-supported concrete silos filled with saturated granular material. An elasto-plastic axisymmetric finite-element model is used to represent both the granular material and the concrete silo. The interaction between the two materials is modeled using interface elements to allow for relative movement. The filling process is idealized via a multi-stage numerical technique capable of representing both undrained and drained conditions for the granular material. The effects of the relative stiffness between the foundation and wall are examined, as are the boundary conditions at the top of the structure (the roof details).Depending on the drainage properties of the stored material, the effect of the filling process may be time-dependent. The excess pore water pressure resulting from the filling process may cause a substantial increase in the hoop stresses in the wall. The predicted internal forces may be influenced by the foundation rigidity, but not by the boundary condition at the top of the wall.The results of these analyses may be used to design experiments to evaluate existing silos, or to develop filling strategies to minimize loads on existing structures.  相似文献   

13.
Quantification of the mechanical behavior of snow in response to loading is of importance in vehicle-terrain interaction studies. Snow, like other engineering materials, may be studied using indentation tests. However, unlike engineered materials with targeted and repeatable material properties, snow is a naturally-occurring, heterogeneous material whose mechanical properties display a statistical distribution. This study accounts for the statistical nature of snow behavior that is calculated from the pressure-sinkage curves from indentation tests. Recent developments in the field of statistics were used in conjunction with experimental results to calibrate, validate, and study the sensitivity of the plasticity-based snow indentation model. It was found that for material properties, in the semi-infinite zone of indentation, the cohesion has the largest influence on indentation pressure, followed by one of the the hardening coefficients. In the finite depth zone, the friction angle has the largest influence on the indentation pressure. A Bayesian metamodel was developed, and model parameters were calibrated by maximizing a Gaussian likelihood function. The calibrated model was validated using three local and global confidence-interval based metrics with good results.  相似文献   

14.
锥体料斗内散料流动相对速度分布的实验研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
用示踪法进行了散粒体在圆锥料斗内不同出口直径条件下流动时相对速度分布的试验,并以此对Jenike轴向应力和共轴理论进行了实验验证,发现有些散料与Jenike轴向应力和共轴理论符合较好,而有些与之偏差较大。分析了内摩擦角、壁面摩擦角对最大主应变率方向的影响。  相似文献   

15.
含抗转能力散粒体的宏微观力学特性数值分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
颗粒间抗转因素对散粒体宏微观特性的影响十分显著。本文采用离散单元法,将蒋明镜(2005年)等提出的抗转动接触模型植入离散元分析软件PFC2D中,模拟了大量刚性边界下的砂土双轴试验,研究了压缩过程中试样的宏观力学性质及部分微观参量的变化情况,用以定性分析颗粒间抗转作用对散粒体的宏微观力学特性的影响。研究表明:颗粒间的抗转...  相似文献   

16.
Steady two-dimensional natural convection in fluid filled cavities is numerically investigated. The channel is heated from below and cooled from the top with insulated side walls and the inclination angle is varied. The field equations for a Newtonian Boussinesq fluid are solved numerically for three cavity height based Rayleigh numbers, Ra = 104, 105 and 106, and several aspect ratios. The calculations are in excellent agreement with previously published benchmark results. The effect of the inclination of the cavity to the horizontal with the angle varying from 0° to 180° and the effect of the startup conditions on the flow pattern, temperature distribution and the heat transfer rates have been investigated. Flow admits different configurations at different angles as the angle of inclination is increased depending on the initial conditions. Regardless of the initial conditions Nusselt number Nu exhibits discontinuities triggered by gradual transition from multiple cell to a single cell configuration. The critical angle of inclination at which the discontinuity occurs is strongly influenced by the assumed startup field. The hysteresis effect previously reported is not always present when the calculations are reversed from 90° to 0°. A comprehensive study of the flow structure, the Nu variation with varying angle of inclination, the effect of the initial conditions and the hysteresis effect are presented.  相似文献   

17.
Pore Scale Modeling of Rate Effects in Imbibition   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
We use pore scale network modeling to study the effects of flow rate and contact angle on imbibition relative permeabilities. The model accounts for flow in wetting layers that occupy roughness or crevices in the pore space. Viscous forces are accounted for by solving for the wetting phase pressure and assuming a fixed conductance in wetting layers. Three-dimensional simulations model granular media, whereas two-dimensional runs represent fracture flow.We identify five generic types of displacement pattern as we vary capillary number, contact angle, and initial wetting phase saturation: flat frontal advance, dendritic frontal advance, bond percolation, compact cluster growth, and ramified cluster growth. Using phase diagrams we quantify the range of physical properties under which each regime is observed. The work explains apparently inconsistent experimental measurements of relative permeability in granular media and fractures.  相似文献   

18.
颗粒摩擦对颗粒材料剪切行为影响的试验研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
通过对一种类似于土的颗粒材料--玻璃珠开展一系列室内直剪试验,研究颗粒间摩擦对颗粒材料剪切行为的影响. 试验一共考虑了4种不同的摩擦情况:干燥状态、用水浸润状态、完全淹没在水中和用油浸润状态. 分析试验结果发现,与干燥状态试样相比,用油浸润能明显降低试样的剪胀性和抗剪强度,而用水浸润和淹没在水中的方法没有产生显著的影响. 此外,通过在剪胀关系式中引入可变剪胀系数来考虑颗粒摩擦对颗粒材料剪胀性的影响,并从颗粒滑动与滚动的细观机理上初步解释了颗粒滑动摩擦角对临界状态摩擦角的影响规律.  相似文献   

19.
In this study, we detail a method for estimating the flux-averaged solid fraction of a steady granular flows moving down an inclined rectangular chute using velocity measurements from along the perimeter cross section, combined with knowledge of the mass flow rate through the cross section. The chute is 5 cm wide and 150 cm long with an adjustable inclination angle. Four inclination angles, from 27° to 36° at 3° intervals, are tested. This angle range overlaps the internal friction angle of the glass beads, which are 4 mm nominal in diameter. Two slender mirrors are installed at the top and the bottom of the transparent chute to reflect images of the flow down the chute of the two surfaces. This allows photographic recording of the flow with a PIV imaging system and measurement of the flow depth. The mass flow rate can be calibrated simultaneously by collecting the accumulated mass at the chute exit. A linear interpolation scheme is proposed to interpolate the volume flow rate in each section of the chute. Sensitivity analysis suggests that the relative standard deviation of this scheme is about ±6%, i.e., the resultant solid volume fraction is only moderately dependent on the interpolation scheme for the tested cases. This is further confirmed by a direct intercepting method. Compared to the sophisticated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or the radioactive positron emission particle tracking (PEPT) methods, the present method is verified as a cost-effective and nonhazardous alternative for ordinary laboratories. Two distinct groups of streamwise dependence of the solid fractions are found. They are separated by the inclination angle of the chute and agreed with the internal friction angle. In the experiments using the two smaller inclination angles, the solid fraction ratios are found to be linear functions of the streamwise distance, while for the two larger inclination angles, the ratios have a nonlinear concave shape. All decrease with growing downstream distance.  相似文献   

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