HE PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION ON DESIGN AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF NONLINEAR CHARACTERISTICS OF SD OSCILLATOR

具有光滑与不连续转迁特征的SD振子发现和提出以来,引起了广泛关注.基于双稳系统大位移特征的测量法困难,SD振子的实验研究还未见报道.该文提出并设计了具有SD振子系统光滑特征的非线性实验装置,用实验的方法揭示由几何关系产生的强非线性系统的非线性动力学行为.设计的非线性实验装置基本振动参数均有良好的可调性和可测量性,对SD振子在不同频率及幅值的简谐激励作用下的非线性动力学响应进行了实验研究.为克服大位移测量难题,研究采用高速摄像机采集振子振动视频信号并进行分析.结果表明,SD振子系统在一定的参数条件下会产生周期振动、周期5振动及混沌运动等复杂非线性动力学现象,在相同实验参数条件下进行了数值仿真,仿真结果与实验结果一致.     

SD振子的设计及非线性特性实验研究初探

具有光滑与不连续转迁特征的SD振子发现和提出以来, 引起了广泛关注. 基于双稳系统大位移特征的测量法困难, SD振子的实验研究还未见报道. 该文提出并设计了具有SD振子系统光滑特征的非线性实验装置, 用实验的方法揭示由几何关系产生的强非线性系统的非线性动力学行为. 设计的非线性实验装置基本振动参数均有良好的可调性和可测量性, 对SD振子在不同频率及幅值的简谐激励作用下的非线性动力学响应进行了实验研究. 为克服大位移测量难题, 研究采用高速摄像机采集振子振动视频信号并进行分析. 结果表明, SD振子系统在一定的参数条件下会产生周期振动、周期5振动及混沌运动等复杂非线性动力学现象, 在相同实验参数条件下进行了数值仿真, 仿真结果与实验结果一致.      

输液管模型及其非线性动力学近期研究进展

综述了输液管系统的各类物理模型及其相应的数学模型,在流体满足基本假设条件下,对于管道内径远远小于管道长度的直管和曲管,详细叙述了梁模型管动力学数学模型的建模过程以及建模方法,针对在水动压力作用下以及管道短而且薄的情形,综述了壳模型的输液管道的动力学方程.在此基础上,概述了近几年来输液管道的非线性振动、稳定性、分岔与混沌、特别是管道控制的研究现状,并对今后的发展趋势作了分析和预测.综观非线性动力学理论的发展历程可以发现选取研究对象和典型的数学模型是至关重要的.对于低维的非线性系统,常常选用van der Pol、Duffing、Mathieu、Lorenz等典型系统来进行研究工作的.通过本文可以看出,对于研究高维非线性系统动力学,流诱发输液管的动力学问题是非常典型的模型之一,它有着容易理解的工程背景、包含了梁和壳的振动问题,并且它的数学模型相对简单,然而却能包含非常复杂的非线性动力学现象,同时容易解释数学方法得到的结果易对应到工程中的实际现象.本文希望通过对输液管动力学模型及其非线性动力学和控制研究现状的综述,建立高维非线性动力学的分析模型,以便发展高维非线性动力学的分岔与混沌理论,同时建立相应的控制理论基础.      

多稳态动力系统中随机共振的研究进展

非线性随机动力学是力学、数学、工程等多个领域关注的热点,在航空航天、机械工程、生物生态等领域有广泛的应用.多稳态动力系统作为其最重要的研究对象,在随机扰动下具有丰富的动力学行为,如随机分岔、随机共振等,尤其是随机共振,已经被应用于机械故障诊断、微弱信号检测和振动能量俘获等工程实际问题中.本文主要综述了多稳态动力系统中的随机共振理论、方法及工程应用.首先,通过几类典型的非线性随机动力学系统,介绍了随机共振的经典理论和度量指标;其次,重点阐述了多稳态动力学系统,尤其是三稳态和周期势系统,在各类噪声激励下的随机共振现象,分析了其诱发机理、演化规律和研究方法;最后,介绍了多稳态动力系统中随机共振的几类应用实例,并进一步给出了随机共振当前面临的难题和未来的发展趋势等开放性问题.     

压电超声电机的非线性动力学研究进展

压电超声电机 (ultrasonic motor, USM) 是一个具有闭环控制的机电耦合强非线性系统,在大功率情况下,会表现出明显的非线性现象．其非线性因素主要表现为: (1) 定子与动子之间的接触非线性; (2) 定子材料非线性; (3) 温度、磨损等因素引起的缓变因素; (4) 驱动电网络中的非线性因素．由于诸多非线性因素的存在,使得 USM 系统具有跳跃、滞后、共振频率漂移、死区和饱和等非线性现象,同时,给 USM 的非线性动力学建模带来了困难．而 USM 闭环控制要求有一个合理的动力学模型,因此,研究 USM 的非线性动力学建模是 USM 研究中的一个重要内容．针对超声电机系统中普遍存在的非线性因素和非线性动力学建模方法进行了归纳,对已有文献中有关超声电机非线性动力学的研究进行了总结,指出了有关该方面的若干研究方向．      

航天器铰接结构非线性动力学特性研究进展

航天器铰接结构非线性动力特性研究直接关系到航天器动力学模型的建立、航天器姿态控制方案的制定、有效载荷指向稳定度的保持以及部件可靠性的提高, 是航天器设计领域的研究重点之一. 首先介绍航天器铰接结构研究中发现的非线性动力学现象和对该类问题的研究思路, 然后分别对铰链非线性和高维非线性系统动力学研究的最新研究成果进行介绍, 最后对航天器铰接结构非线性动力学特性研究的发展前景进行总结.      

基于多尺度方法的平动圆柱贮箱航天器刚–液耦合动力学研究

以充液航天器为工程背景,借助多尺度方法研究刚–液耦合动力学系统非线性动力学特性.利用多维模态方法,将描述横向外激励下圆柱贮箱中液体非线性晃动的自由边界问题转换为液体模态系数相互耦合的有限维非线性常微分方程组.推导液体晃动产生的作用于贮箱壁的晃动力和晃动力矩的解析表达式,进而建立航天器刚体部分平动和液体晃动耦合的非线性动力学方程组.应用多尺度方法对刚–液耦合系统的动力学特性进行解析分析,通过固有频率的特征方程求解耦合系统固有频率,推导外激励频率接近耦合系统第一阶固有频率时液体晃动稳态解的幅值频率响应方程.结合数值方法,研究了液体晃动稳态解的幅值频率响应曲线和激励–幅值响应曲线.结果表明,随充液比变化,液体晃动稳态解的幅值频率响应曲线会发生软、硬弹簧特性转换现象和"跳跃"现象;幅值频率响应曲线的软、硬弹簧特性转换点受重力加速度和弹簧刚度系数影响;以上所得研究结果表明,考虑非线性效应时的刚–液耦合系统动力学特性与传统的线性系统模型所显示的动力学特性具有本质区别.本文的研究工作对进一步分析充液航天器刚–液耦合非线性动力学特性具有重要参考价值.     

基于多尺度方法的平动圆柱贮箱航天器刚——液耦合动力学研究

以充液航天器为工程背景,借助多尺度方法研究刚--液耦合动力学系统非线性动力学特性.利用多维模态方法,将描述横向外激励下圆柱贮箱中液体非线性晃动的自由边界问题转换为液体模态系数相互耦合的有限维非线性常微分方程组.推导液体晃动产生的作用于贮箱壁的晃动力和晃动力矩的解析表达式,进而建立航天器刚体部分平动和液体晃动耦合的非线性动力学方程组.应用多尺度方法对刚--液耦合系统的动力学特性进行解析分析,通过固有频率的特征方程求解耦合系统固有频率,推导外激励频率接近耦合系统第一阶固有频率时液体晃动稳态解的幅值频率响应方程.结合数值方法,研究了液体晃动稳态解的幅值频率响应曲线和激励--幅值响应曲线.结果表明, 随充液比变化,液体晃动稳态解的幅值频率响应曲线会发生软、硬弹簧特性转换现象和"跳跃"现象;幅值频率响应曲线的软、硬弹簧特性转换点受重力加速度和弹簧刚度系数影响;以上所得研究结果表明,考虑非线性效应时的刚--液耦合系统动力学特性与传统的线性系统模型所显示的动力学特性具有本质区别.本文的研究工作对进一步分析充液航天器刚--液耦合非线性动力学特性具有重要参考价值.      

DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF SPINNING DEPLOYMENT OF A SOLAR SAIL COMPOSED OF VISCOELASTIC MEMBRANES

近年来, 可用于航天器推进的太阳帆自旋展开技术引起人们广泛关注. 这类太阳帆可视为由中心旋转毂轮、若干柔性绳索、太阳帆薄膜和集中质量等组成的刚柔耦合多体系统.为了对系统中的太阳帆薄膜进行建模, 提出了基于绝对节点坐标方法描述的黏弹性薄板单元, 并对其有效性进行了验证.针对简化的"IKAROS"自旋展开太阳帆系统, 采用结合自然坐标方法与绝对节点坐标方法的绝对坐标方法对其进行建模, 采用广义-α方法对大规模系统动力学方程进行求解.研究了黏弹性太阳帆薄膜自旋展开过程的动力学特性, 讨论了薄膜的黏弹性阻尼对自旋展开过程的影响规律.     

挠性航天器太阳翼全局模态动力学建模与实验研究

现代柔性航天器通常安装有大型太阳翼为其在轨运行提供所需动力. 航天器入轨后太阳翼展开并锁定成为铰链连接多板结构, 此类结构质量轻、跨度大、刚度低的特点使其低频振动和非线性振动问题越来越凸显. 分析和处理此类结构出现的复杂振动问题的关键在于建立系统精确的非线性动力学模型. 为此, 本文提出铰链连接多板结构解析全局模态的提取方法, 获取太阳翼的固有频率和解析函数表征的全局模态. 提出可变刚度的扭转弹簧等效模型, 考虑铰链非线性刚度及摩擦力矩等因素, 通过全局模态离散得到系统的低维高精度非线性动力学模型, 研究了太阳翼在周期激励作用下的非线性特性. 开展太阳翼地面振动实验研究, 采用锤击法获取系统模态, 利用振动台施加正弦扫频激励, 将物理实验结果与理论结果进行对比, 从而验证全局模态动力学建模方法的合理性与准确性. 结果表明, 铰链刚度等结构参数对系统固有特性的影响较大, 铰链的存在会使太阳翼的动态响应出现跳跃等非线性现象. 全局模态动力学建模方法能很好地解决多板结构在非经典边界下解析全局模态求解的困难, 系统全局模态反映的是系统各个部件弹性振动的真实模态, 所建立的动力学模型具有低维高精度的特点, 对于复杂组合结构非线性动力学建模具有重要的参考价值.      

行进绳索在横向流体激励下的运动

给出横向流体对行进绳索的作用力描述,建立了绳索的动力学方程。由于该方程具有零刚度特征,引入Pilipchuk变换,以自平衡状态起度量的径向振动和回转运动来描述绳的运动,获得非零刚度系统。然后,用两变量参数摄动法求得绳索关于扩张振动和回转运动的约化型,使得绳索运动可近似由一个二维动力系统来描述。最后,用数值方法讨论了行进速度和重力对绳索运动形态的影响。     

Elastic cables–rigid body coupled dynamics: asymptotic modeling and analysis

An elastic cables–rigid body coupled model is proposed for investigating dynamic interactions between cables’ nonlinear transversal vibrations and boundary tower’s torsional dynamics, arising in large transmission line–tower systems and suspended cable–bridge tower systems. By introducing a weak torsion assumption and a large moment of inertia for the tower, an asymptotic expansion of cables–tower coupled dynamics is conducted in a weakly nonlinear framework, and a cables–tower reduced coupled model is eventually established. After model’s validations using direct numerical simulations, two distinct kinds of coupled dynamics are fully investigated. The first is that an external torque is applied to the tower and the two cables would both be indirectly excited, asymmetrically, by the torsional/oscillating tower. The two cables’ responses are the same in this case. The second is that only one of the two cables, i.e., the leader cable, is directly excited, and the other cable, i.e., the follower one, is only indirectly excited through cables–tower dynamic interactions. In such kind of leader–follower dynamics, the leader cable is quite different from the follower one. Nonlinear coupled frequency response diagrams for both systems are constructed using numerical continuation algorithms, mainly focused on the coupled steady solutions’ stabilities and bifurcations. Furthermore, the dynamic effects of tower’s moment of inertia, wing span and damping are thoroughly investigated.

     

Non-linear behavior of heavy stays

The behavior of cable structures, widely employed in several engineering fields, is highly non-linear. A common procedure to treat the cables is to substitute them with straight rods assuring an equivalent stiffness. But classical methods allow to determine satisfactorily the equivalent stiffness only when the cable is sensibly stretched, the cable sag is small and the cable is horizontal, since they generally disregard the effects of the self-weight component along the chord. To study non-linear behavior of inclined cables, we extend here a rational criterion stemming from the virtual work principle, formerly proposed for horizontal cables.     

The Dynamics of Systems of Rigid and Elastic Bodies as Applied to Spacecraft

The basic results of the scientific research conducted at the S. P. Timoshenko Institute of Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU) in a creative cooperation with the M. K. Yangel' SDO "Yuzhnoe" and the Institute of Technical Mechanics of NASU and the National Space Agency of Ukraine (NSAU) are generalized and systematized. The research addressed mathematical models and the dynamics of objects of space-rocket engineering such as controlled systems of rigid and elastic bodies, systems of rigid bodies of variable configuration, and systems of bodies with unilateral connections. The following information is detailed here: methods for creating spatial program motions of elastic space structures about the center of mass, methods and algorithms for mathematical simulation of the dynamics of reconfigurable spacecraft, unconventional concepts of simulating the state of weightlessness of a reconfiguring spacecraft under earth conditions on a special stand using suspension cables, different aspects of the dynamics of space cable systems, and other problems resolved within the framework of the subjects indicated     

Nonlinear dynamics of a cable–pulley system using the absolute nodal coordinate formulation

It is reasonable to develop models and to investigate the dynamic behaviour of systems composed of cables since cable vibration can have an important effect on the motion of these mechanical systems. This paper deals with the application of the nonlinear formulation for flexible body dynamics called the absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF). It is used for modelling the systems composed of cables, pulleys, other rigid bodies and a motor with prescribed motion. The ANCF was chosen as a suitable approach, which that can allow to consider a detailed interaction of the cable and the pulley with its nonlinear dynamical behaviour. The ANCF uses absolute positions of nodes (reference vectors) and slopes (reference vector derivations) as a set of nodal coordinates. An in-house modelling tool in the MATLAB system was created based on the proposed modelling methodology and two case studies were performed. A simple system containing a pulley and a cable with two attached bodies was used in order to test the simulation tool based on the proposed modelling methodology with respect to different parameters. A more complex mechanical system composed of a driven weight joined with a motor by a cable led over a pulley was numerically and also experimentally investigated. The comparison of obtained numerical and experimental results shows sufficient agreement and proves that the proposed modelling approach can be used for dynamic analyses of such systems.     

斜拉桥三维拉索风雨激振准两自由度模型

拉索风雨激振是当前桥梁工程和风工程界非常关注的研究课题。过去用于测量带人工水线的拉索模型都是二维的，所建立的理论模型也是建立在二维拉索气动力的基础上的。本文基于带人工水线三维拉索模型试验得到的气动力，建立了三维拉索风雨激振的准二自由度运动微分方程，讨论了运动方程中各种参数的取值，采用数值求解方法计算了拉索风雨激振振幅。计算结果和三维拉索人工降雨试验结果的对比表明，本文方法能较好地描述三维拉索风雨激振的特征。     

海洋电缆中关键力学问题的研究进展与展望

海洋能源是当今世界各国竞相开发的关键领域. 海洋电缆是连接海洋能源生产系统各设施的能源传输、生产控制的关键装备之一, 被誉为海洋能源开发的“生命线”. 如何设计海洋电缆能够抵抗极端海洋灾害, 同时满足安装、服役中弯曲柔顺性的要求, 实现“刚柔并济”的结构性能, 是海洋能源开发领域亟待解决的核心难题. 本文围绕海洋电缆多构件、多层螺旋缠绕的结构特点, 全面总结了海洋电缆设计、分析及测试领域关键力学问题的研究进展. 首先, 针对海洋电缆结构的理论分析, 阐述了拉伸、扭转和弯曲刚度的基本理论以及拉扭耦合和非线性弯曲行为研究进展. 其次, 介绍了数值仿真方法在海洋电缆工程中的应用, 特别介绍了海洋电缆数值分析专业软件方面的研究成果. 再次, 探讨了海洋电缆多场耦合分析、结构优化设计和疲劳寿命的计算方法. 最后详细介绍了海洋电缆结构的实验测试技术和测试装备. 本文通过对海洋电缆研究方法和研究热点的详细综述, 揭示了该领域的主要研究方法和关键技术难点, 并展望了海洋电缆未来发展的主要技术需求和研究方向. 上述工作对海洋电缆在我国海洋油气能源开发中的高可靠性工程应用提供了基础理论和技术参考.      

Static and dynamic response of elastic suspended cables with damage

In cable-stayed structures cables are subjected to potential damage, mainly due to fatigue and galvanic corrosion. The paper presents an analysis of damage effects on the statics and dynamics of suspended cables. An elastic continuous monodimensional model for damaged cables, including geometric nonlinearities, is formulated for the purpose. The damage is described as a diffused reduction of the cable axial stiffness, and defined through its intensity, extent and position. Exact solutions of the equations governing the cable static equilibrium under self-weight are achieved, and the significance of the tension loss and sag augmentation resulting from damage are investigated under variation of practically significant parameters. The system spectral properties characterizing the free undamped dynamics are obtained in a closed-form fashion for shallow cables within the low frequency range. The sensitivity of the frequencies to the intensity and extent of damage is discussed, outlining two damage effects, which alternatively stiffen or soften the cable modes, whose respective static and geometric origin is recognized. Finally, the symmetry-breaking induced by damage on the static profile is verified to destroy the crossing phenomenon (crossover) characterizing the frequency loci of undamaged cables, which degenerates into a narrow frequency veering phenomenon.     

Nonlinear FE-based investigation of flexural damping of slacking wire cables

The flexural damping of wire cable due to the flexural hysteresis influences the dynamic behavior of slacking wire cables significantly. However, the details of the local model, accounting for the flexural hysteresis between the wire strands, are quite challenging to include in large-scale engineering applications. This paper addresses these difficulties by modeling the flexural damping of slacking wire cables using homogenized Rayleigh damping. By using the nonlinear finite element method and high-speed imaging technique, three aspects of the work were examined. First, the mechanical properties of the slacking cable were identified experimentally. Second, a sample cable was fixed at one end and allowed to vibrate freely at the other end. The shapes of the vibrating cable were captured by a high-speed digital camera and processed by photogrammetry. The cable demonstrated a high flexural damping at zero tension and its damping was measured to be as high as 37.7% of the critical damping. Third, the cable was modeled and analyzed using our newly developed nonlinear curved beam element with the Rayleigh damping. The finite element predictions of the cable motion agree well with the experimental measurement. These predictions demonstrate that the new element is capable of describing the dynamic response of the cable and that the Rayleigh damping is sufficient to model the flexural damping of slacking wire cables.     

空间曲线索的平衡方程及单索几何判定

空间曲线索平衡方程可在理想柔索假定的基础上进行推导,也可以由空间曲线梁平衡方程退化得到。本文给出后者的连续化分析过程并进行了初步的讨论,目的在于将空间曲线索的各种力学模型统一起来。采用理想柔索假定后单索只能是平面曲线,自然坐标系和整体直角坐标系下平面曲线索的平衡方程是等价的。同时,针对以往单索连续化分析中几何判定的不足,基于空间曲线的弧长独立参数概念,指出单根理想柔索本质上为静不定和动不定体系。