分数导数型本构关系描述粘弹性梁的振动分析

本文研究粘弹性梁在周期激励作用下的受迫振动问题。梁的材料满足Kelvin-Volgt分数导数型本构关系。基于动力学方程、本构关系和应变－位移关系建立了小变形粘弹性梁的振动方程。采用分离变量法分析粘弹性梁的自由振动,导出模态坐标满足的常微分－积分方程和模态函数满足的常微分方程,对于两端简支的截面梁给出了固有频率和模态函数。对于简谐激励作用下粘弹性梁的受迫振动,利用模态叠加得到了稳态响应。最后给出数值算例说明本文方法的应用。     

中心刚体-变截面梁系统的动力学特性研究

对在平面内做大范围转动的中心刚体-变截面梁系统的动力学进行了研究. 考虑柔性梁横向弯曲变形和纵向伸长变形, 且在纵向位移中计及由于横向变形而引起的纵向 缩短项, 即非线性耦合变形项. 采用假设模态法描述变形, 运用第二类Lagrange方程推导得 到系统刚柔耦合动力学方程. 在此基础上对做大范围旋转运动的中心刚体-楔形梁以及中心刚 体-梯形梁模型的动力学进行了详细研究. 研究表明: 梁宽比、梁高比以及梯形梁变截面位置 都对系统的动力学特性有很大影响.     

弹性矩形板非线性振动的多模态解

本文将非线性振动矩形板的振型函数展开为梁函数和Ｂ样条函的乘积形式。由哈密顿原理导出了系统的运动微分方程，得到了以多个线性模态表示的大振幅振动板的位移和非线性频率比。计算结果表明：该法具有很高的计算速度和精度。     

风力机叶片非线性摆振响应及稳定性分析

本文对风力机叶片摆振运动的动态响应以及稳定性进行了分析.基于叶片大挠度摆振运动控制偏微分方程,进行Galerkin截断离散,得到模态方程.通过将摆振位移分解为静态位移和动态位移,得到了静态位移和动态位移方程.使用摄动法对主共振情况下的动态响应进行求解,分析了入流速度比对稳态解和振幅的影响,以及平衡点的稳定性.得到以下结论:当入流速度比处于在某范围内时,叶片摆振运动表现为主共振,在该主共振的区域内,叶片非线性摆振为稳定的周期运动.     

一种评价旋转态内嵌流体欧拉梁自适应减振效果的新方法

为了评价内嵌式粘性流体单元自适应减振方法(IVFUM)消减运动柔性结构残余振动的效果,进行了旋转态内嵌粘性流体欧拉梁自适应减振试验,对残余振动信号进行了处理。针对旋转态下的内嵌粘性流体欧拉梁残余振动信号具有刚体衰减转动的慢变信号与柔性结构残余振动快变信号相耦合的非平稳特征以及模态参数随时间变化的特点,提出了结合小波包、经验模式分解(EMD)、随机减量技术(RDT)、希尔伯特变换(HT)的综合信号处理方法。提取了内嵌粘性流体欧拉梁的一阶主振动响应信号,识别了梁的一阶模态参数(无阻尼固有频率和等效模态阻尼比)。与SDOF模型处理的数据结果进行比较,欧拉梁残余振动衰减的变化趋势基本一致,表明本文提出的方法在实际应用中是有效可行的。可以推断欧拉梁内嵌1/3左右空腔容积的水在2～5 Hz的旋转频率时,由于流动性较好,可以有效地消减运动柔性结构的残余振动。为半定量评价内嵌粘性流体方式对运动的工程柔性结构残余振动衰减效果提供了有效的依据。     

含旋转运动效应裂纹梁横向振动特性的研究

针对开口裂纹作用下旋转运动欧拉-伯努力梁的振动特性进行了研究。文中使用裂纹梁连续等效刚度模型模拟裂纹效应,将含裂纹旋转运动梁视为弯曲刚度沿梁长度方向连续变化的梁,并应用传递矩阵法推导了求解其振动特性的特征方程。考虑不同裂纹深度和位置、不同旋转速度,分析了梁的一阶和二阶固有频率的变化情况。研究结果表明:旋转运动效应和裂纹效应并非独立影响梁的固有频率,两者间具有耦合作用效应;转速提升使由裂纹导致的频率衰减幅度变小,同时裂纹加深使得由速度升高带来的阶频提升更加显著;相比于二阶频率,耦合作用效应对于一阶频率更加显著。     

梁的纵向与横向耦合振动的动力学分析

研究了梁发生纵向与横向耦合振动时的非线性动力学行为.从梁的基本方程出发,利用Galerkin截断得到了梁含二次非线性项和三次非线性项的运动微分方程,并通过多尺度法对控制方程进行摄动求解得出了梁纵向模态和横向模态之间产生的内共振.然后对内共振条件下的梁进行了分析和数值模拟,分别讨论了纵向和横向荷载作用下结构的动力学特征.分析表明一定条件下梁存在能量在振动模态间传递的饱和现象,并且某些参数组合下纵向和横向振动之间存在相互耦合的无周期响应现象,从而引起梁结构的大幅振动.     

基于旋转软化的柔性梁动力学研究

建立了旋转柔性梁的非线性动力学模型,利用能量法及哈密顿原理导出了耦合的动力学方程,分析了转动惯性、Coriolis力、应力刚化、旋转软化、加速度、横向位移、弯曲刚度等作用效应;通过设置应力刚化及旋转软化等刚度矩阵和编制有限元程序,建立了梁单元有限元模型,对柔性梁在旋转软化状态下的振动模态进行了数值模拟与分析。计算表明:梁的旋转软化导致其沿旋转平面的弯振模态(摆振)频率随转速增大而相对下降,且对第一阶摆振频率的影响最显著,呈现非线性;梁的旋转软化对垂直于旋转平面的弯振频率几乎没有影响,此结果表明了旋转柔性梁动态特性的复杂性,因此在计算旋转柔性梁的振动特性时,必须同时设置平动、转动惯性质量矩阵,才能获得准确结果。此外,梁单元模型与实体单元模型计算结果误差小于等于5%,验证了本文梁单元模型求解方法的准确性。     

旋转运动导电圆板电磁弹性耦合振动方程

针对磁场环境中旋转运动导电圆板的电磁弹性耦合振动理论建模问题进行研究。在考虑几何非线性效应下,给出了旋转运动圆板的形变势能、动能及变分表达式。应用哈密顿变分原理,推得磁场中旋转运动导电圆板的磁弹性耦合非线性振动方程。根据麦克斯威尔电磁场方程及相应的电磁本构关系,并基于磁弹性基本假设,推得磁场环境中旋转运动圆板所受的电磁力表达式和磁弹性二维电动力学方程。通过算例,分析了横向磁场中旋转运动圆板的轴对称振动问题,得到了圆板的固有振动频率随转速、磁感应强度的变化规律,并对结果进行了分析。     

旋转SMA纤维混杂复合材料薄壁梁的自由振动

研究具有SMA主动纤维的旋转复合材料单闭室薄壁截面梁的耦合自由振动问题.基于Hamilton原理并结合SMA纤维复合材料薄壁梁的二维截面内力(矩)与位移(转角)关系方程,导出旋转单闭室截面薄壁复合材料梁的1D耦合自由振动分析模型.该模型还考虑薄壁梁调矩角和预锥角的作用.采用Galerkin法求解振动模型,获得梁耦合振动...     

DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF LAG VIBRATION OF A WIND TURBINE BLADE

Lagwise dynamic characteristics of a wind turbine blade subjected to unsteady aero- dynamic loads are studied in this paper. The partial differential equations governing the coupled longitudinal-transverse vibration of the blade with large bending deflection are obtained by ap- plying Hamilton＇s principle. The modal problem of the coupled vibration is handled by using the method of numerical integration of Green＇s function. Influences of the rotating speed, the pitch angle, the setting angle, and the aerodynamic loads on natural frequencies are discussed. Results show that： （I） Lagwise natural frequencies ascend with the increase of rotating speed; effects of the rotating speed on low-frequencies are dramatic while these effects on high-frequencies become less. （2） Influences of the pitch angle on natural frequencies are little; in the range of the normal rotating speed, the first frequency ascends with the increase of the absolute value of the pitch angle, while it is contrary to the second and third frequencies. （3） Effects of the setting angle on natural frequencies depend on the rotating speed; influences are not significant at low speed, while they are dramatic on the first frequency at high speed. （4） Effects of the aerodynamic loads on natural frequencies are very little; frequencies derived from the model considering aerodynamic loads are smaller than those from the model neglecting aerodynamic loads; relative errors of the results corresponding to two models ascend with the increase of the absolute value of the setting angle.     

Nonlinear vibrations of blade with varying rotating speed

This paper investigates the nonlinear dynamic responses of the rotating blade with varying rotating speed under high-temperature supersonic gas flow. The varying rotating speed and centrifugal force are considered during the establishment of the analytical model of the rotating blade. The aerodynamic load is determined using first-order piston theory. The rotating blade is treated as a pretwist, presetting, thin-walled rotating cantilever beam. Using the isotropic constitutive law and Hamilton??s principle, the nonlinear partial differential governing equation of motion is derived for the pretwist, presetting, thin-walled rotating beam. Based on the obtained governing equation of motion, Galerkin??s approach is applied to obtain a two-degree-of-freedom nonlinear system. From the resulting ordinary equation, the method of multiple scales is exploited to derive the four-dimensional averaged equation for the case of 1:1 internal resonance and primary resonance. Numerical simulations are performed to study the nonlinear dynamic response of the rotating blade. In summary, numerical studies suggest that periodic motions and chaotic motions exist in the nonlinear vibrations of the rotating blade with varying speed.     

Analysis of Coupled Vibration Characteristics of Wind Turbine Blade Based on Green's Functions

This paper presents the analysis of dynamic characteristics of horizontal axis wind turbine blade, where the mode coupling among axial extension, flap vibration(out-of-plane bending), lead/lag vibration(in-plane bending) and torsion is emphasized. By using the Bernoulli-Euler beam to describe the slender blade which is mounted on rigid hub and subjected to unsteady aerodynamic force, the governing equation and characteristic equation of the coupled vibration of the blade are obtained. Due to the combined influences of mode coupling, centrifugal effect, and the non-uniform distribution of mass and stiffness, the explicit solution of characteristic equation is impossible to obtain. An equivalent transformation based on Green's functions is taken for the characteristic equation, and then a system of integrodifferential equations is derived. The numerical difference methods are adopted to solve the integrodifferential equations to get natural frequencies and mode shapes. The influences of mode coupling, centrifugal effect, and rotational speed on natural frequencies and mode shapes are analyzed. Results show that:(1) the influence of bending-torsion coupling on natural frequency is tiny;(2) rotation has dramatic influence on bending frequency but little influence on torsion frequency;(3) the influence of bending-bending coupling on dynamic characteristics is notable at high rotational speed;(4) the effect of rotational speed on bending mode is tiny.     

NONLINEAR DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF PRE-DEFORMED BLADE WITH VARIABLE ROTATIONAL SPEED UNDER 2:1 INTERNAL RESONANCE$^{\bf 1)}$

在工程实际中,涡轮机叶片的转速在很多应用场景下不是一个定常值,比如发动机在启动、变速、停机等工况下,转子输入与输出功率失衡,伴随产生扭振,产生速度脉冲. 另外,由于服役环境、安装误差等因素会引起叶片在所难免的预变形. 本文主要研究预变形叶片,在变转速条件下的非线性动力学行为. 考虑叶片转速由一定常转速和一简谐变化的微小扰动叠加而成. 应用拉格朗日原理得到变转速叶片的动力学控制方程,并采用假设模态法将偏微分方程转为常微分方程,通过引入无量纲,使方程更具有一般性. 运用多尺度方法求解了该参激振动系统,得到了在 2:1 内共振情形下的平均方程,进而获得系统的稳态响应. 详细研究温度梯度、阻尼以及转速扰动幅值等系统参数对叶片动力学响应的影响规律,同时考察了立方项在 2:1 内共振下对方程的影响. 对原动力方程进行正向、反向扫频积分来观察其跳跃现象,并对解析解进行验证. 结果发现参数的变化对叶片均有不同程度影响,在 2:1 内共振下立方项对系统响应的影响很小,解析解与数值解吻合很好.     

2:1内共振条件下变转速预变形叶片的非线性动力学响应

在工程实际中,涡轮机叶片的转速在很多应用场景下不是一个定常值,比如发动机在启动、变速、停机等工况下,转子输入与输出功率失衡,伴随产生扭振,产生速度脉冲. 另外,由于服役环境、安装误差等因素会引起叶片在所难免的预变形. 本文主要研究预变形叶片,在变转速条件下的非线性动力学行为. 考虑叶片转速由一定常转速和一简谐变化的微小扰动叠加而成. 应用拉格朗日原理得到变转速叶片的动力学控制方程,并采用假设模态法将偏微分方程转为常微分方程,通过引入无量纲,使方程更具有一般性. 运用多尺度方法求解了该参激振动系统,得到了在 2:1 内共振情形下的平均方程,进而获得系统的稳态响应. 详细研究温度梯度、阻尼以及转速扰动幅值等系统参数对叶片动力学响应的影响规律,同时考察了立方项在 2:1 内共振下对方程的影响. 对原动力方程进行正向、反向扫频积分来观察其跳跃现象,并对解析解进行验证. 结果发现参数的变化对叶片均有不同程度影响,在 2:1 内共振下立方项对系统响应的影响很小,解析解与数值解吻合很好.      

Aeroelastic analysis of a rotating wind turbine blade using a geometrically exact formulation

In this paper, an aeroelastic analysis of a rotating wind turbine blade is performed by considering the effects of geometrical nonlinearities associated with large deflection of the blade produced during wind turbine operation. This source of nonlinearity has become more important in the dynamic analysis of flexible blades used in more recent multi-megawatt wind turbines. The structural modeling, involving the coupled edgewise, flapwise and torsional DOFs, has been performed by using a nonlinear geometrically exact beam formulation. The aerodynamic model is presented based on the strip theory, by applying the principles of quasi-steady and unsteady airfoil aerodynamics. Compared to the conventional steady aerodynamic model, the presented model offers a more realistic consideration of fluid–structure interactions. The resulting governing equation, expanded up to the third-order terms, is analyzed by using the reduced-order model (ROM). The ROM is developed by employing the coupled mode shapes of a cantilever blade under free loading condition. The specifications of the 5MW-NREL wind turbine are used in the simulation study. After verifying the ROM results by comparing them with those of the full FEM model, the model is used in additional static, modal and transient dynamics analyses. The results indicate the important effect of geometrical nonlinearity, especially for larger structural deformations. Moreover, nonlinear analyses reveal the important effects of torsion induced by lateral deformations. It is also found that the governing equation is more efficient, and sufficiently accurate, when it is developed by using the second-order kinetic terms, third-order potential terms and the second-order aerodynamic terms together with third-order damping. Finally, the effects of nonlinearities on the flutter characteristics of wind turbine blades are evaluated through frequency and dynamic analyses.     

考虑气动力作用的载流覆冰导线主共振及谐波共振分析

针对载流导线的非线性振动问题,在以往只考虑安培力的载流导线振动方程中引入了气动荷载。在此基础上进一步引入了受迫激励荷载,以研究动态风或相邻档导线对载流覆冰导线非线性振动特征的影响,建立了一种新的气动力-安倍力-受迫激励联合作用下的载流覆冰导线系统。推导出非线性振动方程,利用Galerkin方法将该振动方程转变为有限维度的常微分方程,采用多尺度法求解得到系统的非线性受迫主共振和亚谐波共振的幅-频响应函数。通过数值计算,分析了参数变化对系统受迫共振响应的影响以及受迫主共振定常解的稳定性。结果表明,考虑气动力的振动幅值和系统非线性较未考虑气动力时更小和更弱;线路参数的变化对导线的响应幅值和系统的非线性都有一定程度的影响;主共振和亚谐波共振的响应幅值随着激励幅值的增大而增大,共振峰值向着调谐参数σ的负值方向偏移,呈现出软弹簧特征并伴随着多值和跳跃现象;主共振时,随着调谐参数的变化,响应幅值则出现同步和失步现象。     

Linear and Nonlinear Aerodynamic Theory of Interaction between Flexible Long Structure and Wind

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A unified approach to aerodynamic damping and drag/lift instabilities,and its application to dry inclined cable galloping

Inclined cables of cable-stayed bridges often experience large amplitude vibrations. One of the potential excitation mechanisms is dry inclined cable galloping, which has been observed in wind tunnel tests but which has not previously been fully explained theoretically. In this paper, a general expression is derived for the quasi-steady aerodynamic damping (positive or negative) of a cylinder of arbitrary cross-section yawed/inclined to the flow, for small amplitude vibrations in any plane. The expression covers the special cases of conventional quasi-steady aerodynamic damping, Den Hartog galloping and the drag crisis, as well as dry inclined cable galloping. A nondimensional aerodynamic damping parameter governing this behaviour is proposed, which is a function of only the Reynolds number, the angle between the wind velocity and the cable axis, and the orientation of the vibration plane. Measured static force coefficients from wind tunnel tests have been used with the theoretical expression to predict values of this parameter. Two main areas of instability (i.e. negative aerodynamic damping) have been identified, both in the critical Reynolds number region, one of which was previously observed in separate wind tunnel tests on a dynamic cable model. The minimum values of structural damping required to prevent dry inclined cable galloping are defined, and other factors in the behaviour in practice are discussed.     

Bifurcation and dynamic behavior analysis of a rotating cantilever plate in subsonic airflow

Turbo-machineries, as key components, have wide applications in civil, aerospace, and mechanical engineering. By calculating natural frequencies and dynamical deformations, we have explained the rationality of the series form for the aerodynamic force of the blade under the subsonic flow in our earlier studies. In this paper, the subsonic aerodynamic force obtained numerically is applied to the low pressure compressor blade with a low constant rotating speed. The blade is established as a pre-twist and presetting cantilever plate with a rectangular section under combined excitations, including the centrifugal force and the aerodynamic force. In view of the first-order shear deformation theory and von-Kármán nonlinear geometric relationship, the nonlinear partial differential dynamical equations for the warping cantilever blade are derived by Hamilton's principle. The second-order ordinary differential equations are acquired by the Galerkin approach. With consideration of 1:3 internal resonance and 1/2 sub-harmonic resonance, the averaged equation is derived by the asymptotic perturbation methodology. Bifurcation diagrams, phase portraits, waveforms, and power spectrums are numerically obtained to analyze the effects of the first harmonic of the aerodynamic force on nonlinear dynamical responses of the structure.