关于国际模态分析会议

在航空航天器、车辆、船舶、海洋工程、机床、动力机械、土建工程等结构系统的发展中,振动问题在分析、设计、使用过程中日益重要,结构动力特性的确定成为动态设计的核心环节。所谓模态分析就是用分析或试验的方法来确定结构系统的固有频率、阻尼系数和振型等模态参数的过程。广义的模态分析还包括试验与分析方法的结合。结构动力学修改,结构系统数学模型的建立,并用于分析系统的动力响应、稳定性以及振动控制。     

DDJ-W软件系统的新进展

本文综述了国产DDJ-W微机软件系统在结构静力分析、动力分析、稳定性分析、结构优化、复合材料力学性能分析、前后处理功能等方面的近期进展,以及工程应用情况。     

足底压力统计变化规律测试与侦破技术

利用现场足迹特征,分析罪犯的性别、年龄、身高、体态、行走姿势等个人形体特点,常称为给罪犯“画像”。这一技术在侦破案件中起了一定作用。（１）研究人在常态下行走时留在地面上的平面足迹反映出压力的分布和变化规律,分析压力与年龄的相关性,从中研究出分析年龄的科学方法,提高分析年龄的准确率。（２）研究平面足迹压力与人的性别、身高、体态、行走姿势的相关性找出各自的科学分析方法。（３）从分析理论上全面加以提高,     

复合材料结构力学分析CAE软件现状

复合材料结构分析软件是用以分析、设计复合材料结构的重要工具,常用的复合材料结构分析软件包括基于CAD软件发展而来的复合材料分析工具、通用有限元软件自带复合材料分析工具和以Digimat等为代表的专业化复合材料结构分析软件。本文对常用的复合材料分析软件进行了综述,介绍其主要功能,从学术、应用等多方面探讨相关产品的优点及不足;论述了专业化复合材料结构分析软件的特点及功能;分析了复合材料结构分析软件的现状和发展趋势;探讨了复合材料结构力学分析CAE软件在国产化方面所需进一步解决的问题。     

我国航空工业中结构分析通用软件的发展及应用前景

简要介绍了国外几个在航空工业中应用的著名结构分析通甩软件的发展情况和趋势,回顾了我国航空工业中结构分析通用软件的发展过程,以表格形式给出我国航空工业部门结构分析软件在运行环境、功能、性能、材料、载荷、前后置处理和用户界面等方面和国外同类软件的比较,和从设计部门对结构分析软件的要求,提出了结构分析通用软件在航空工业中的发展方向和前景。     

燃料棒性能分析程序KMC-fuel的力学模块开发

KMC-fuel是针对液态金属冷却快堆棒状燃料元件开发的性能分析程序,具有综合评估燃料棒在服役期间的热、力、辐照性能的功能。本文围绕该程序的力学分析模块展开详细论述。KMC-fuel的力学分析模块采用基于应力的数值算法求解了结构的力学方程组。采用横观各向同性假设模拟了芯块开裂现象,引入重定位模型模拟开裂碎片对间隙的吸收,在滑移接触条件下得到了分析芯块-包壳机械相互作用的显示迭代算法,分析中考虑了燃料棒热膨胀、密实化、肿胀、蠕变等材料行为。经过与理论及实验数据对比,结果显示KMC-fuel的力学分析模块能够准确预测燃料棒的应力应变场分布,表明该力学分析模块可用于燃料棒性能分析。     

基于非线性有限元的索穹顶施工模拟分析

索穹顶结构的成形和施工模拟分析是该体系的基础问题。由于包含着刚体位移的分析使得跟踪难度相当大。本文采用了基于非线性有限元的施工过程分析 ,适应性强、分析精度高 ,避免了刚体位移假定。从而使得索穹顶体系的成形过程、受荷状态的全过程分析方法获得了统一。通过与试验模型对比分析表明本文方法操作简单且分析精度较高 ,分析的结果能够很好地指导施工     

基于ANSYS Workbench曲柄销轴的优化设计

先通过PTC Creo参数化建模软件建立了曲柄销轴参数化三维模型;接着建立PTC Creo与ANSYS Workbench无缝连接,是为了实现参数传递不丢失。在结构强度有限元分析的基础上,运用ANSYS Workbench的结构设计优化模块对其尺寸进行了有限元分析、敏感性分析、响应曲面分析、优化分析。通过分析结果,得出了最佳的优化方案,相对于原方案而言,此方案曲柄销轴的总变形量有效地减小了约82.22%,等效应力最大值减小了37.69%,强度增强,质量也降低了15.85%,实现了优化目标。     

冷激铸铁挺杆的磨损失效分析

本文针对冷激铸铁类型挺杆最常见的磨损形式-擦伤与点蚀,系统地进行了失效原因的分析。分析对象包括各种类型发动机挺杆共70件,分析工作涉及凸轮挺杆工作条件(运动、受力、润滑等)的分析计算,磨损表面的微观分析,磨损表面层截面塑性变形及裂纹特征的观察分析以及磨屑形貌的分析。在此基础上对擦伤与点蚀的形成机理进行了讨论,提出了擦伤的本质属于应变疲劳和点蚀属于应力疲劳的概念。     

组合梁中性轴位置确定方法及应力分析

中性轴是梁弯曲分析的重要概念,其位置的确定是组合梁弯曲变形与应力分析的关键。采用相当截面法、加权平均法分析不同材料组合梁中性轴位置。采用相当和加权的概念进行组合截面的正应力与切应力分析。分析可知相当截面法概念清晰、加权平均法简单高效。相当截面法和加权平均法可简化组合梁的应力分析。分析过程有助于加深学生对梁弯曲相关概念的理解,引发学生对弯曲问题的深入思考。     

大学物理《力学》中的自由度分析

对《力学》中的物体自由度进行多方面分析,以深化教学、提高学生正 确分析物理问题的能力.使用实际教学分析的研究方法，在《力学》范围内讨论自由度与坐标、 自由与约束的关系并得以下结论: (1) 同一物体的自由度随其所在的``空间'不同而不同, 不因坐标系的选取不同而 异, 在同类参考系中不因参考系的动静而有别；(2)自由度遵循叠加原理. 讨论了质点系的总自由度及相关计算问题，并指出研究《力学》中自由度的意义.     

Development and design of new methods of measurement of state of strain of structures

The present paper deals with development and design of new methods utilizing Wiedemann's effect for determination of state of strain in building structures. Wiedemann's effect and some features of torsional strain of magnetic field are the basis of new experimental method. Especially the point electromagnetic strain gages using the effect of pure torsion of electromagnetic field to enable universal examination. For strain-gage measurements, almost all physical quantities are used which can be related to the variation in length of the structures. From the electric strain measurements, the most commonly used methods are the measurements by resonance-wire strain gages or by electric-resistance strain gages. In this paper, electromagnetic strain gages are discussed using the Wiedemann effect, and the author describes some new measuring equipment and his own suggestions and methods based on an application of this effect.     

Method of constructing estimates of the solution of equations of filtration of an aerated liquid

The exact solutions of the nonlinear equations of filtration of an aerated liquid have been obtained in [1–3]. In [4] the system of equations of an aerated liquid have been reduced to the heat-conduction equation under certain assumptions. An approximate method of computing the nonsteady flow of an aerated liquid is given in [5], where the real flow pattern is replaced by a computational scheme of successive change of stationary states. In [6] the same problem is solved by the method of averaging. In the present article estimates of the solution of the equations for nonstationary filtration of an aerated liquid in one-dimensional layer are constructed under certain conditions imposed on the desired functions. These estimates can be used as approximate solutions with known error or for the verification of the accuracy of different approximate methods. We note that the use of comparison theorem for the estimate of solutions of equations of nonlinear filtration is discussed in [7–9]. The methods of constructing estimates of solutions of various problems of heat conduction are given in [10, 11]     

Calculation of aerodynamic characteristics of arrays of profiles of arbitrary shape

It is well known that the problem on nonseparating potential flow of an incompressible fluid about an array of profiles reduces to an integral equation for a certain real function, determined on the contours of the profiles of the array. As such a function one can take, as was done, for instance, in [1–5], the relative velocity of the fluid on the profiles of the array. For arrays of profiles of arbitrary shape it is necessary to solve the corresponding integral equation numerically. In the particular examples of the calculation of aerodynamic arrays that are available [1–3] the numerical methods used were based on the approximate evaluation of contour integrals by rectangle formulas. As investigations showed, sizeable errors arose thereby in the approximate solution obtained, these being especially significant in the case of curved profiles of relatively small bulk. In the present paper a method for the numerical solution of the integral equation obtained in [5] is proposed. The method is based on the replacement of a profile of the array with an inscribed N polygon, the length of whose sides is of the order N^–1 and whose internal angles are close to . Convergence with increasing N of the numerical solution to an exact solution of the integral equations at the reference points is demonstrated. Examples of the calculation are given.Novosibirsk. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR. Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 2, pp. 105–112, March–April, 1972.