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1.
采用率相关的晶体滑移有限元程序对具有不同晶体取向的双晶体晶界附近及三晶体三晶粒交汇处的弹塑性应力场进行了计算,考虑了几何晶界和物理晶界的影响.计算结果表明:双晶体及三晶体考虑几何晶界和物理晶界时,这两种晶界具有相同的应力分布趋势,只是物理晶界比几何晶界的应力集中程度小,双晶体晶界附近有较大的应力梯度,存在应力集中现象.三晶体三晶粒交汇处可能是应力集中之地也可能不造成应力集中,这主要取决于晶粒晶体取向及加载方向.由此可见,要准确理解金属材料的断裂过程,还需要从细观的角度对晶界的力学响应进行细致和深入的研究.  相似文献   

2.
用三维各向异性有限元法,对铜三晶体在拉伸载荷作用下的弹性应力集中特性和各组元晶体主滑移系上的切应力变化进行了计算分析,得到了交为一致的结果;为进一步分析三晶体的循环塑性变形提供了依据。  相似文献   

3.
采用建立在晶体塑性理论基础上的晶体塑性有限变形计算方法,针对铜单晶试样单轴拉伸过程中晶体滑移在试样表面留下的滑移带痕迹进行了数值研究.作者利用三维有限元模拟不同取向铜单晶试样的拉伸变形,通过晶体塑性滑移面与试样表面交线的几何分析,得到了试样在不同晶向拉伸下不同滑移系启动造成的试样表面滑移痕迹,并对数值计算的试样表面滑移...  相似文献   

4.
用晶体弹塑性有限单元法研究双晶金属拉伸变形   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文从单晶体应力-应变关系的精确实验结果和多晶体滑移特性出发,建立相应的计算模型,并采用微观力学和晶体弹塑性有限单元法,研究双晶金属试样的拉伸变形,得到其应力-应变曲线,晶体内滑移变形和应力分布规律,以及晶界影响区对它们的影响。  相似文献   

5.
对韧性单晶体塑性变形的非Schmid效应进行了分析和描述,提出了有效Schmid应力的概念,从位错弹性理论出发,根据位错交滑移机制及位错核心结构变化的微观力学过程,估算了非Schmid效应中的参数,结果发现这些参数相对各自应力分量并非常数,而大约成线性变化,正负应力分量对这些参数的影响是不同的。并把有效Schmid应力的概念引入与率相关的晶体滑移规律中,使这一滑移规律能反映非Schmid效应的影响。从而使晶体塑性理论在研究大变形非均塑性流动时也能反映这一影响。  相似文献   

6.
Nb_3Sn复合超导体中的晶粒具有复杂的形貌,本文基于密排纤维增强复合材料的相关理论与多晶体有限元分析方法,建立Nb_3Sn复合超导体中晶粒及晶界变形的尺度耦合计算模型,该模型能较为真实地反映细观尺度下Nb_3Sn复合超导体的结构特征;利用该模型研究Nb_3Sn复合超导体在轴向拉伸与压缩加载模式下柱状晶区和等轴晶区的微观局部应力以及晶粒与晶界变形特征,并分析荷载下Nb_3Sn复合超导体中沿晶界的弹性变形变化特点。研究结果表明:在拉压加载条件下,Nb_3Sn多晶体的Mises等效应力表现出非均匀分布的特征,Nb_3Sn等轴晶晶界处以及柱状晶区域与等轴晶交界处为主要的应力集中区域;局部应力与加载应力的比值范围集中在0.11~1.28并沿晶界波动变化,变化幅值依赖于晶粒形貌和复合材料结构。相关结果有助于理解和揭示极低温环境下Nb_3Sn复合超导体的变形和其超导电性能力学效应的起源。  相似文献   

7.
微孔洞演化包括孔洞成核、生长和聚合三个阶段,是影响金属材料韧性断裂的重要因素.为了分析P91马氏体耐热钢中的塑性滑移对微观孔洞扩展的影响,论文提出了一种基于晶体塑性有限元的微观力学计算模型,量化了应力三轴度、洛德参数和晶体取向对微孔洞演化行为的影响.结果表明,在相对较高应力三轴度条件下,随着应力三轴度的增大,含孔洞马氏体块的等效应力-应变响应呈现出快速软化的特征,同时孔洞体积分数随着等效应变的增加而快速增加.对于给定的应力三轴度,胞元的聚合应变在[111]取向时最小,在[110]取向时最大.孔洞聚合开始时,低应力三轴度下孔洞形状趋向于椭球状,而较高应力三轴度时孔洞横向略鼓.在一定的应力三轴度和洛德参数范围内,在孔洞聚合和孔洞坍塌两种胞元失效状态之间存在着一个条带状过渡状态,在[100]晶体取向时,当洛德参数L=-1时条带最宽.论文揭示了P91马氏体耐热钢中微孔洞演化的基本机制,分析了晶体取向、应力三轴度和洛德参数对微孔洞演化的影响.这些发现为P91马氏体耐热钢的韧性损伤模型的进一步发展提供了微观理论基础.  相似文献   

8.
提出应变能集中这一概念,对三晶体中三晶交线附近的弹性应变能的集中特性进行了计算,发现当加载方向平行于三晶交线时,三晶交线附近有弹性应变能集中,但是集中程度不是很高,当加载方向垂直于三晶交线时,根据三晶体中组元晶体的相对位置的不同和取向的不同,三晶交线附近或者没有弹性应变能集中,或者有弹性应变能集中,而且在一些情况下与平行于三晶交线方向加载的情况相比,弹性应变能的集中程度要高很多。  相似文献   

9.
利用能量守恒定律分析了纳晶材料裂纹在三晶交处的萌生,分别推导了纳晶材料中的特定旋转变形能、晶界滑移能、晶界扩散能,并运用最大等效裂纹能量释放率准则来判断纳晶材料裂纹萌生。结果表明:特定旋转变形、晶界扩散均能松弛裂纹尖端的应力,阻碍裂纹的生长;而晶界滑移使得晶界位错在三晶交处堆积,造成三晶交处的应力集中,促使裂纹的生长;稳定状态下,外力做的功等于由特定旋转变形、晶界滑移、晶界扩散造成的能量耗散。  相似文献   

10.
含与不含晶界空穴的双晶体蠕变行为研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
基于晶体滑移理论,建立了各向异性镍基合金双晶体的蠕变本构模型和蠕变寿命预测模型,通过MARC用户子程序CRPLAW将上述本构模型进行了有限元实现,并对双晶体蠕变行为进行了计算分析,考虑了:(1)晶体取向的影响;(2)垂直、倾斜和平行于外载方向的三种位向晶界情况;(3)晶界处引进空间空穴的影响。结果表明,双晶体上特别是微空穴和晶界附近区域的蠕变应力应变呈现不同的变化规律,对此晶粒晶体取向和晶界位向有较大的影响;微空穴的存在削弱了双晶体的承载能力,显著地影响了双晶体蠕变持久寿命;相同条件下,垂直晶界对双晶体模型的蠕变损伤影响最为强烈,倾斜晶界次之,平行晶界最小;微空穴的生长与晶界位向和晶体取向有强烈的依赖关系,其中垂直晶界更有利于晶体滑移和微空穴生长。  相似文献   

11.
The rate dependent crystallographic finite element program was implemented in ABAQUS as a UMAT for the analysis of the stress distributions near grain boundary in anisotropic bicrystals and tricrystals, taking the different crystallographic orientations into consideration. The numerical results of bicrystals model with the different crystallographic orientations shows that there is a high stress gradient near the grain boundaries. The characteristics of stress structures are dependent on the crystallographic orientations of the two grains. The existing of triple junctions in the tricrystals may result in the stress concentrations, or may not, depending on the crystallographic orientations of the three grains. The conclusion shows that grain boundary with different crystallographic orientations can have different deformation, damage, and faUure behaviors. So it is only on the detail study of the stress distribution can the metal fracture be understood deeply.  相似文献   

12.
Crystallographic plasticity was applied to study the initiation of micro cracks on the smooth surface of polycrystalline under uniform applied stress. Even under the uniform external stress, due to the different crystallographic orientations of the grains in the polycrystalline, there is un-uniform stress distribution and the deformation is also not uniform. Under the fatigue loading, the roughness increases with the number of fatigue, and deformation will localize in some places, where micro cracks form.  相似文献   

13.
A cyclic biaxial stress measurement method using electrodeposited copper foil was examined. The crystallographic orientations of individual grains that undergo grain growth in copper foil subjected to cyclic loading were analyzed by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). One of the slip directions in most of the grains corresponded to the direction of maximum shear stress when the biaxial stress ratio was negative. However, the number of grains with other orientations gradually increased as the biaxial stress ratio approached zero. On the basis of these features, we propose biaxial stress measurement using EBSD analysis of grown grains in copper foil. Our new method has excellent resolution compared with other stress-strain measurement methods since it can measure the average biaxial stress ratios in an area of 500 μm × 500 μm.  相似文献   

14.
A FE modelling of the elastoplastic interactions occurring within a 3D polycrystal subjected to diffusive phase transformation is proposed. The parent polycrystal is represented by a Voronoi tessellation, where grains differ in shape, size and crystallographic orientation. Grains of the new phase nucleate at favourable sites of the parent polycrystal then grow isotropically, following specific kinetics. This process can result in various product polycrystal morphologies where grains are distinguished by their morphologies and their crystallographic orientations, and have crystalline properties different from those of the parent grains. Application is performed on the austenite-to-ferrite transformation of a low carbon steel, by analysing different basic cases of transformation history with different constitutive modellings. Microplasticity and its related internal stresses are shown to develop during the phase transformations and to affect significantly the elastoplasticity of the product medium.  相似文献   

15.
A crystallographic creep damage constitutive model is developed for nickel-base directionally solidified superalloys. The rates of material degradation and grain boundary void growth are considered. The governing parameters are determined from the creep test data of single crystals and directionally solidified superalloys with a crystallographic orientation. A finite element program is used to analyze the creep damage behavior of nickel-base directionally solidified superalloys for different crystallographic orientations. The results depend on the number of grains modelled and compare well with the experimental data.  相似文献   

16.
Experimental studies of the plasticity mechanisms of polycrystals are usually based on the Schmid factor distribution supposing crystalline elasticity isotropy. A numerical evaluation of the effect of crystalline elasticity anisotropy on the apparent Schmid factor distribution at the free surface of polycrystals is presented. Cubic elasticity is considered. Order II stresses (averaged on all grains with the same crystallographic orientation) as well as variations between averages computed on grains with the same crystallographic orientation but with different neighbour grains are computed. The Finite Element Method is used. Commonly studied metals presenting an increasing anisotropy degree are considered (aluminium, nickel, austenite, copper). Concerning order II stresses in strongly anisotropic metals, the apparent Schmid factor distribution is drifted towards small Schmid factor values (the maximum Schmid factor is equal to 0.43 instead of 0.5) and the slip activation order between characteristic orientations of the crystallographic standard triangle is modified. The computed square deviations of the stresses averaged on grains with the same crystallographic orientation but with different neighbour grains are a bit higher than the second order ones (inter-orientation scatter). Our numerical evaluations agree quantitatively with several observations and measures of the literature concerning stress and strain distribution in copper and austenite polycrystals submitted to low amplitude loadings. Hopefully, the given apparent Schmid factor distributions could help to better understand the observations of the plasticity mechanisms taking place at the free surface of polycrystals. To cite this article: M. Sauzay, C. R. Mecanique 334 (2006).  相似文献   

17.
晶粒的取向和变形性质对双晶体循环变形影响的模拟研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
应用晶体细观力学方法,分析了双晶体循环变形过程中组元晶粒取向及其变形性质(Bauschinger效应和循环硬化)的影响,发现双晶体的反向屈服及循环硬化行为为主要由组元晶粒性质支配,晶间内应力的影响是次要的,晶粒取向对宏微观应力应变行为有重要的影响,取向对称性较弱或罗硬差别较大的双晶体晶界影响较大。  相似文献   

18.
Micro-macro scale transition theories were developed to model the inelastic behaviour of polycrystals starting from the local behaviour of the grains. The anisotropy of the plastic behaviour of polycrystalline metals was essentially explained by taking into account the crystallographic textures. Issues like plastic heterogeneities due to grain size dispersion, involving the Hall-Petch mechanism at the grain scale, were often not taken into account, and, only the role of a mean grain size was investigated in the literature. Here, both sources of plastic heterogeneities are studied using: (i) experimental data from EBSD measurements and tensile tests, and, (ii) a self-consistent model devoted to elastic-viscoplastic heterogeneous materials. The results of the model are applied to two different industrial IF steels with similar global orientation distributions functions but different mean grain sizes and grain size distributions. The coupled role of grain size distributions and crystallographic textures on the overall tensile behaviour, local stresses and strains, stored energy and overall plastic anisotropy (Lankford coefficients) is deeply analyzed by considering different other possible correlations between crystallographic orientations and grain sizes from the measured data.  相似文献   

19.
Polycrystalline aluminum alloy is manufactured by annealing, compared to the width of the specimen, the size of the grains can not be omitted, which makes the specimen anisotropic. Under uniaxial tension, the deformation field is inhomogeneous. In this study, moiré interferometry is successfully applied to measure the deformation of the polycrystalline specimen. The experimental results presented the stress versus strain responses of the marked grains in different orientations and different shapes. By using fringe centering method, the strain distributions under certain load in the centers and on the boundaries of the grains are analyzed.  相似文献   

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