耦合路面损伤的车辆随机动荷载特性研究

为准确分析车辆对不平整路面作用的实际动荷载,在传统计算方法的基础上,进一步考虑了永久变形和平整度劣化等路面损伤累积的影响,提出了耦合损伤的车辆随机动荷载分析方法.通过计算轴载作用下路面各点的永久变形,推导路面不平整度的更新方程,将其引入车-路系统动力方程,采用Matlab编制求解程序,即可得到任意时间路面各点受到的车辆随机动荷载序列.基于该方法分析了车辆随机动荷载沿轮迹的分布变化,研究了随机动荷载系数随轴次的演化规律.结果 表明,车辆随机动荷载是随时间逐渐增大的动态演化过程,其沿轮迹的分布具有空间可重复性,随着轴载作用,动荷载的离散程度增大,将引起路面各点的损伤累积差异增大;而车辆行驶速度越低,新建路面越不平整,动荷载随时间演化速率越快,对路面造成的损伤越大.     

磁头/磁盘气体润滑特性计算与分析

提出了1种计算超薄气膜润滑轴承压力分布的有限差分法,在此基础上对某磁头快速或缓慢偏离平衡位置造成的压力变化及气体轴承刚度进行分析.结果表明:随着气膜特征高度降低,初始纵翻倾角减小,气体轴承刚度增大;垂直于磁盘方向的微小位移不会对磁头平衡造成威胁,但磁头纵翻造成的翻转力矩变化较复杂,需要加以控制;磁头飞行姿态的突变将引起明显的挤压效应,挤压效应的强弱与初始飞行姿态有关.     

Stationary cylindrical vortex in a viscous electrically conducting fluid

An exact solution of the magnetohydrodynamic equations is constructed which describes steady vortex flow in a stationary cylinder on the axis of which a conductor carrying a known current is located. The solution is obtained under the assumption that the fluid is viscous and has finite electrical conductivity and that the magnetic field has only the axial and azimuthal components in a cylindrical coordinate system. It is found that the action of the Lorentz force is compensated by changing the pressure. Fluid flow occurs from the periphery to the axis of the cylinder under a pressure gradient, with flow rotation and swirling. The fluid flow causes a concentration of the magnetic lines near the axis of the cylinder, providing an exponential decrease in the magnetic field strength with distance from the axis. This flow can be considered as a model of a local increase in the magnetic field strength due to the transfer of its force lines by the flow of the electrically conducting fluid.     

磁场对液态金属流的制动效应

研究在静磁场作用下；连铸坯中液态金属的流动，建立了二维数学模型并考虑了湍流的影响．采用数值分析方法分析了磁场对液态金属流股的制动效应．计算结果说明静磁场可以有效地减小流股速度并使其分散，同时使上升到液态金属液面的反转流减弱．随着哈特曼数增高和雷诺数的减小，磁场的制动效应增强．     

电磁连铸中梯约束效应的数值模拟

在连续铸刚中,控制钢的初期凝固有减小波纹状的表面振痕,对生产无表面缺陷的铸坯是极端重要的。由磁流体力学理论可知,利用交变磁场地磁约束效应,实现弯月与结晶器壁之间的“软接触”,从而能生产无表面缺陷的铸坯,在电磁连铸中,确定弯月面形状是磁约束计算中的重要内容,也是成功实现电磁连铸的关键,以基于高频高磁场的方形冷坩埚电磁连铸（４Ｃ过程）作为研究对象,导出以感应电流作为未知量的描述弯月面形状的流体和电磁等     

Coupled Shell-Material Point Method for Bird Strike Simulation

In a bird strike, the bird undergoes large deformation like flows; while most part of the structure is in small deformation, the region near the impact point may experience large deformations, even fail. This paper develops a coupled shell-material point method(CSMPM)for bird strike simulation, in which the bird is modeled by the material point method(MPM)and the aircraft structure is modeled by the Belytschko-Lin-Tsay shell element. The interaction between the bird and the structure is handled by a particle-to-surface contact algorithm. The distorted and failed shell elements will be eroded if a certain criterion is reached. The proposed CSMPM takes full advantages of both the finite element method and the MPM for bird strike simulation and is validated by several numerical examples.     

磁场对液态金属流的制动效应

研究在静磁场作用下；连铸坯中液态金属的流动，建立了二维数学模型并考虑了湍流的影响．采用数值分析方法分析了磁场对液态金属流股的制动效应．计算结果说明静磁场可以有效地减小流股速度并使其分散，同时使上升到液态金属液面的反转流减弱．随着哈特曼数增高和雷诺数的减小，磁场的制动效应增强．     

Finite deformation theory for soft ferromagnetic elastic solids

A general theory of finite deformation of soft ferromagnetic elastic solids is formulated following the linear theory developed earlier by Pao and Yeh. The constitutive equations, field equations, and the boundary conditions of this theory are applied to analyse the buckling of a plate under the action of a uniform magnetic field. A nontrivial equilibrium configuration for the deformed plate is shown to exist, and the critical value of the externally applied magnetic induction at which the plate buckles is determined. It is demonstrated that the non-linear deformation affects the critical magnetic induction considerably.     

EFFECTS OF 2-TUNNEL AND 3-TUNNEL FIXATION ON BIOMECHANICS OF TIBIOFEMORAL JOINT

基于正常膝关节4个屈曲角度(0°, 25°, 60°, 80°)下的磁共振(MR)图像数据, 建立正常/两隧道固定/三隧道固定内侧半月板移植术后的胫股关节模型. 对各屈曲角度下的4种模型分别施加单一轴向压载和压扭组合载荷进行有限元仿真, 得到各模型在2种载荷作用下的应力及位移分布. 提取关节软骨、半月板表面的等效应力以及半月板的最大位移进行对比分析, 得到内侧半月板移植术后两/三隧道固定对胫股关节中软骨及半月板的影响. 总体上讲内侧半月板移植中的三隧道固定要优于双隧道固定, 更利于胫股关节恢复正常的应力特性.     

热应力作用下结构声-振耦合响应数值分析

考察飞行器结构热应力对结构及其内声腔声-振耦合特性的影响,建立考虑热应力因素的声-振耦合动力学有限元方程,对一个典型飞行器结构考虑热应力时的声-振耦合动力学响应进行分析。计算结果表明,热应力的存在对耦合模型的固有频率影响较小,受热应力影响较大的区域主要集中在机头及机身等部位,其固有振动特性有较明显的变化。通过对比结构加速度与内声腔声压级的响应结果发现,热应力的影响主要表现为系统响应幅值及峰值位置的改变。     

The influence of a magnetic field on the mechanical behavior of a fluid interface

This work focuses on a theoretical investigation of the shape and equilibrium height of a magnetic liquid–liquid interface formed between two vertical flat plates in response to vertical magnetic fields. The formulation is based on an extension of the so called Young–Laplace equation for an incompressible magnetic fluid forming a two-dimensional free interface. A first order dependence of the fluid susceptibility with respect to the magnetic field is considered. The formulation results in a hydrodynamic-magnetic coupled problem governed by a nonlinear second order differential equation that describes the liquid–liquid meniscus shape. According to this formulation, five relevant physical parameters are revealed in this fluid static problem. The standard gravitational Bond number, the contact angle and three new parameters related to magnetic effects in the present study: the magnetic Bond number, the magnetic susceptibility and its derivative with respect to the field. The nonlinear governing equation is integrated numerically using a fourth order Runge-Kutta method with a Newton–Raphson scheme, in order to accelerate the convergence of the solution. The influence of the relevant parameters on the rise and shape of the liquid–liquid interface is examined. The interface shape response in the presence of a magnetic field varying with characteristic wavenumbers is also explored. The numerical results are compared with asymptotic predictions also derived here for small values of the magnetic Bond number and constant susceptibility. A very good agreement is observed. In addition, all the parameters are varied in order to understand how the scales influence the meniscus shape. Finally, we discuss how to control the shape of the meniscus by applying a magnetic field.     

Low-density layer formation and “lifting force” effect at micro- and meso-scale levels

The processes at various scale levels in the contact area of interacting objects under high-energy action will be examined from the viewpoint of mesomechanics. Modeling of contact area at atomic- and meso-scale levels was carried out on the base of discrete computational approach (method of particles). Molecular dynamic method was used at the micro-scale level; movable cellular automata method—at the meso-scale level. The gradient of velocity in areas near the surface leads to formation of low density and fragmented areas. This effect is accompanied by the failure of crystal lattice stability and intensive mixing process at the atomic level. The mechanisms of mass transfer in contact area were discussed. The results allow us to explain a host of experimental data of mechanochemistry such as phase formation at friction surface, alloy formation due to contact interaction under “pressure + shear” loading conditions.     

自然环境条件下轮轨接触黏着特性研究进展

轮轨黏着是铁路运输中的关键基础性科学问题之一,而轮轨接触界面良好的黏着状态是列车安全和高品质运行的根本保障. 轮轨系统作为1个开放的系统,受到各种自然环境因素的影响,如湿度、温度、水、风沙甚至铁氧化物,而所有的这些环境因素都会影响轮轨接触界面的黏着状态和损伤行为. 本文中综述了水、湿度、温度和风沙等自然环境因素对轮轨黏着特性影响规律的研究进展,分析了自然环境因素下轮轨界面铁氧化物特征,重点探讨了自然环境因素对铁氧化物形成的影响及其对轮轨接触黏着特性的影响规律和作用机理,并提出了轮轨黏着的未来研究方向.      

Shape of hexagonal hydrostatic menisci

A numerical method is implemented for computing the shape of an infinite, hexagonal, doubly periodic, hydrostatic meniscus originating from contact lines whose projections in the horizontal plane are circles. The contact lines themselves may lie on vertical cylinders or spherical objects. The Laplace–Young equation determining the meniscus shape is solved by a finite‐difference method in orthogonal curvilinear coordinates generated by conformal mapping. The elevation of the contact lines is either prescribed or computed as part of the solution to ensure a specified contact angle. The results illustrate that the contact line spacing has an important effect on the contact angle or contact line distribution. Meniscus shapes exist only for a limited range of pressure differences between the upper and lower fluid that depend on the capillary length. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

波流场中的桩柱结构地震反应研究

采用理论分析及有限元模拟的方法, 对波流场中桩柱结构的地震动力反应进行了研究. 除考虑波流场作用在桩柱上的波流力和动水压力外, 根据模型试验结果认为还需考虑作用在 桩柱上的涡振横向力. 通过地震作用下波流场中四桩平台的有限元模拟计算, 发现 水中地 震放大了桩柱结构的动力反应; 波流力和涡振横向力共同作用导致桩的相对位移、剪力及弯 矩值大幅提高, 但是对桩身加速度影响较小; 桩底部位易于发生地震破坏.     

Cavitation-induced particle–wall interaction in Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids

A novel hydrodynamic effect, namely, slow contactless motion of a heavy spherical particle along an inclined wall, accompanied by the formation of a finite particle–wall clearance under the action of a cavitation-induced lift force, is investigated. Similarity parameters controlling the particle motion, determined using the dimensionality theory, are validated experimentally. These parameters are related to the atmospheric pressure, the surface tension on the liquid–air interface, the density of the air dissolved in the fluid, the particle weight in the fluid, and the viscoelastic properties of the fluid.This paper was presented at the AERC 2005.     

An immersed‐boundary finite‐volume method for direct simulation of flows with suspended paramagnetic particles

In the present study, we have proposed an immersed‐boundary finite‐volume method for the direct numerical simulation of flows with inertialess paramagnetic particles suspended in a nonmagnetic fluid under an external magnetic field without the need for any model such as the dipole–dipole interaction. In the proposed method, the magnetic field (or force) is described by the numerical solution of the Maxwell equation without current, where the smoothed representation technique is employed to tackle the discontinuity of magnetic permeability across the particle–fluid interface. The flow field, on the other hand, is described by the solution of the continuity and momentum equations, where the discrete‐forcing‐based immersed‐boundary method is employed to satisfy the no‐slip condition at the interface. To validate the method, we performed numerical simulations on the two‐dimensional motion of two and three paramagnetic particles in a nonmagnetic fluid subjected to an external uniform magnetic field and then compared the results with the existing finite‐element and semi‐analytical solutions. Comparison shows that the proposed method is robust in the direct simulation of such magnetic particulate flows. This method can be extended to more general flows without difficulty: three‐dimensional particulate flows, flows with a great number of particles, or flows under an arbitrary external magnetic field. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于神经网络方法的鸟撞飞机风挡冲击载荷反演

以鸟撞实验中传感器实测信号为基础,结合有限元正问题计算方法与神经网络理论,构造小波动态延时反馈神经网络,并详细分析了该网络的结构参数、对比了网络单点应变输入法、两点应变输入法以及三点(多点)应变输入法的训练效率与反演精度．构造的神经网络可以高精度地反演出鸟撞飞机风挡过程中冲击载荷时间历程,同时具有较高的抗干扰能力,且训练过程平稳、训练效率高．根据已有的研究成果,提出了鸟撞实验应变传感器建议布置,可以在满足实验测量要求的基础上简化实验过程,提高实验效率．     

Flow of a biomagnetic viscoelastic fluid: application to estimation of blood flow in arteries during electromagnetic hyperthermia,a therapeutic procedure for cancer treatment

The paper deals with the theoretical investigation of a fundamental problem of biomaguetic fluid flow through a porous medium subject to a magnetic field by using the principles of biomagnetic fluid dynamics （BFD）. The study pertains to a situation where magnetization of the fluid varies with temperature. The fluid is considered to be non-Newtonian, whose flow is governed by the equation of a second-grade viscoelastic fluid. The walls of the channel are assumed to be stretchable, where the surface velocity is proportional to the longitudinal distance from the origin of coordinates. The problem is first reduced to solving a system of coupled nonlinear differential equations involving seven parameters. Considering blood as a biomagnetic fluid and using the present analysis, an attempt is made to compute some parameters of the blood flow by developing a suitable numerical method and by devising an appropriate finite difference scheme. The computational results are presented in graphical form, and thereby some theoretical predictions are made with respect to the hemodynamical flow of the blood in a hyperthermal state under the action of a magnetic field. The results clearly indicate that the presence of a magnetic dipole bears the potential so as to affect the characteristics of the blood flow in arteries to a significant extent during the therapeutic procedure of electromagnetic hyperthermia. The study will attract the attention of clinicians, to whom the results would be useful in the treatment of cancer patients by the method of electromagnetic hyperthermia.     

Use of magnetorheological elastomer in an adaptive sandwich beam with conductive skins. Part I: Magnetoelastic loads in conductive skins

In this study, the magnetoelastic loads for a vibrating conductive beam exposed perpendicularly to an applied steady magnetic field are addressed analytically by considering the effect of finite dimensions. The dynamic equation of such vibrating beam is presented and a simply supported conductive beam is simulated. The simulation indicates that the magnetoelastic loads affect the dynamic properties of the vibrating beam significantly only when the thickness of the beam is extremely small. This work is the basis for investigating and analyzing the field-controllable dynamic properties of a sandwich beam composed of conductive thin outer skins and a magnetorheological elastomer core, which will be presented in the second part of this research.