超磁致伸缩换能器系统动力学特性分析

根据第一压磁理论建立超磁致伸缩换能器系统含有平方、立方项非线性动力学模型,利用非线性振动近似解析方法对换能器系统进行分析,揭示了换能器系统非线性特性。利用基于MAT-LAB/Simulink的系统仿真理论,建立换能器系统动态仿真模型,发现换能器系统在一定参数下存在着混沌现象。通过数值模拟的方法对换能器系统做深入的理论分析,得出系统在不同参数下存在着倍周期、倒倍周期分岔等复杂非线性现象。本文的分析结果表明,超磁致伸缩材料的弹性模量、压磁系数、相对磁导率和系统阻尼系数等参数是超磁致伸缩换能器系统动力学特性的主要影响因素。     

超磁致伸缩换能器耦合磁弹性模型与振动特性分析

针对应用于非圆车削加工的超磁致伸缩换能器,建立了其耦合磁弹性动力学模型与复系数动力学微分方程,基于实验建立的激励电流磁致伸缩材料轴向位移-磁场强度三者之间的关系式,得到了换能器磁力-位移关系的磁动方程的解析解,分析了系统的频响特性及不同频率下,激励电流与换能器输出位移之间的滞回关系,对现有磁场-电流公式进行了修正,讨论...     

超磁致伸缩材料执行器非线性动力学行为分析

考虑了超磁致伸缩棒的对称有间隙滞回特性,建立了相应的超磁致伸缩材料执行器的动力学模型。通过渐进法分析,得到超磁致伸缩材料执行器运动相应的近似解析式。通过数值模拟,发现对称有间隙滞回非线性振动系统具有复杂的分叉和混沌行为。     

超磁致伸缩材料的擦除特性和同余特性实验研究

超磁致伸缩材料在力磁耦合作用下具有复杂的迟滞响应。Preisach模型可有效描述物理过程中的滞后现象,它具有两个重要特性,即擦除特性和同余特性。擦除特性是指输入局部极大值擦除了加载过程中小于该值的所有极大值,或输入局部极小值擦除了加载过程中大于该值的所有极小值,同时,与这些历史极值相应的加载历史也被擦除,不再影响之后的输出。同余特性是指输入极大值与极小值相同的所有闭合曲线一致。本文通过实验系统地研究了超磁致伸缩材料在多轴力磁耦合场作用下的磁致伸缩曲线、磁滞回线和应力应变的迟滞行为,发现其在力磁耦合下的非线性滞后行为具有擦除特性和同余特性。这满足了Preisach模型描述滞后现象的两个基本要求,验证了利用Preisach模型描述超磁致伸缩材料迟滞行为的可行性,为超磁致伸缩材料的非线性理论和器件设计提供了依据。     

磁致伸缩作动器的电-磁-机耦合动力特性

基于磁致伸缩材料的本构关系模型,结合磁致伸缩作动器结构动力学模型建立了可描述磁致伸缩作动器的电-磁-机耦合动力特性的运动方程.方程中考虑了作动器工作时磁致伸缩材料的弹性模量随着应力和磁场的改变而发生的变化,磁致伸缩材料的这种特性使得作动器系统表现出具有时变刚度的参数振动特性.通过对此参数振动方程进行数值求解,得到磁致伸缩作动器的参数频响特性,并研究了激励电流幅值以及作动器负载质量对作动器频响特性的影响.     

基于唯象相变理论的磁致伸缩材料耦合滞回动力学模拟

本文基于改进的Landau唯象相变理论,构造一个耦合的非线性常微分方程模型来模拟一维磁致伸缩材料的磁滞动态特性。模型的构造通过引入一个非凸的自由能函数来模拟磁致伸缩磁材料中不可逆的磁极化翻转与磁致应变,该自由能函数的每一个局部极小值都对应材料的一个磁化方向。通过热力学平衡条件建立能刻画磁致伸缩效应的非线性本构关系。所构造的模型成功地模拟出了磁场与弹性场之间的磁滞曲线和蝶形曲线,并采用实验结果对模型进行了验证。     

超磁致伸缩材料多场耦合非线性力学行为的理论研究

超磁致伸缩材料由于具有位移大、响应快、驱动简单等性能优势,在智能系统中具有广阔的应用前景。对于其力学行为的研究,在理论上涉及的关键科学问题是多场耦合问题的理论建模与定量模拟,而其应用需求则涉及对超磁致伸缩器件性能的定量预测及优化。目前超磁致伸缩材料在工业上最广泛的应用是作为换能器的核心制动元件,其磁学、力学行为与工况密切相关。应力、外磁场、环境温度都会改变材料的磁化强度和应变状态,在交变磁场作用下磁致伸缩棒截面上产生涡电流,该损耗使材料的磁化和应变曲线出现洄滞。针对这些问题已有很多学者[1]-[4]进行了研究,这些工作揭示了外部条件对超磁致伸缩材料磁学、力学性质的单向联合作用,如图1中虚线所示。然而对于超磁致伸缩材料力学行为的准确刻画还需要考虑更深层次的多物理场耦合关系（图1中实线所示）：由于超磁致伸缩材料被外场磁化而产生磁致应变的同时,被磁化的介质也可以充当一种源而改变其周围的磁场,改变的程度依赖于介质的变形,因此需要考虑介质对周围磁场的反作用;棒截面上的涡电流除了会带来磁滞损耗外还会产生大量的热,改变周围温度,进而因为热膨胀、热磁效应等改变超磁致伸缩棒的磁学、力学输出,所以涡电流的热效应也不可忽略;此外,超磁致伸缩棒在交变磁场下的振动响应使其应力状态发生改变,在建模时不能只考虑所施加的预应力,材料的实时应力状态必须加以考虑。图1中虚线和实线所指向的过程共同构筑了超磁致伸缩材料的多物理场耦合框架,综合考虑这些因素才能准确描述超磁致伸缩材料多场耦合非线性力学行为。本文围绕上述内容逐步深入,针对这一在理论和应用上具有重要意义的问题,开展了理论建模和数值模拟研究。     

磁致伸缩主被动隔振装置中的磁机耦合效应研究

磁致伸缩材料和柔顺位移放大机构组成的主动驱动装置具有精度高、驱动力大等特点.将其与被动隔振装置并联,形成主被动隔振装置,可以弥补纯被动隔振在低频和微幅扰动工况下的不足.本文针对这类磁致伸缩主被动隔振装置进行磁机耦合效应研究.基于Jiles-Atherton模型,分析了磁致伸缩材料所受应力对有效磁场、磁化强度、磁致伸缩系数和材料杨氏模量的影响,表征了材料磁机耦合效应.在此基础上,建立了主被动隔振装置的动力学模型,分析了主动驱动装置与被动隔振装置间的耦合作用.在耦合作用影响下,若被动隔振装置刚度不同,即使输入磁场相同,驱动器产生的驱动位移和驱动力也不相同.磁致伸缩材料的变刚度效应使隔振装置整体等效刚度不再为定值,从而影响被动隔振效果.本文提出了通过柔顺机构参数设计减小前述两种耦合影响的方法.数值仿真结果表明,磁致伸缩主被动隔振装置在低于、接近和高于谐振频率三类扰动下,都能达到比被动隔振更好的振动抑制效果.此外,仿真结果验证了考虑磁机耦合效应的数值模型具有更高精度.      

稀土超磁致伸缩材料应力与电磁耦合特性的实验研究

讨论了稀土超磁致伸缩棒特性实验的若干应力与电磁耦合问题，利用自己设计制作的实验装置建立了应力电磁耦合系统的物理模型，应用阻抗分析方法得到了相应的等效电路。测定了在电磁场与应力场共同作用下ＴｂｘＤｙ１－ｘＦｅ２－ｚ三元稀土合金超磁致伸缩棒的磁致伸缩系数，机电耦合系数等。针对磁通泄漏问题，专门设计制作了圆柱型硅钢密闭磁路，本的实验结果为稀土眼磁致伸缩材料应用器提供了重要而准确的数据。     

磁致伸缩主被动隔振装置中的磁机耦合效应研究

磁致伸缩材料和柔顺位移放大机构组成的主动驱动装置具有精度高、驱动力大等特点.将其与被动隔振装置并联,形成主被动隔振装置,可以弥补纯被动隔振在低频和微幅扰动工况下的不足.本文针对这类磁致伸缩主被动隔振装置进行磁机耦合效应研究.基于Jiles-Atherton模型,分析了磁致伸缩材料所受应力对有效磁场、磁化强度、磁致伸缩系数和材料杨氏模量的影响,表征了材料磁机耦合效应.在此基础上,建立了主被动隔振装置的动力学模型,分析了主动驱动装置与被动隔振装置间的耦合作用.在耦合作用影响下,若被动隔振装置刚度不同,即使输入磁场相同,驱动器产生的驱动位移和驱动力也不相同.磁致伸缩材料的变刚度效应使隔振装置整体等效刚度不再为定值,从而影响被动隔振效果.本文提出了通过柔顺机构参数设计减小前述两种耦合影响的方法.数值仿真结果表明,磁致伸缩主被动隔振装置在低于、接近和高于谐振频率三类扰动下,都能达到比被动隔振更好的振动抑制效果.此外,仿真结果验证了考虑磁机耦合效应的数值模型具有更高精度.     

Research of giant magnetostrictive actuator’s nonlinear dynamic behaviours

The multi-coupled nonlinear factors existing in the giant magnetostrictive actuator (GMA) have a serious impact on its output characteristics. If the structural parameters are not properly designed, it is easy to fall into the nonlinear instability, which has seriously hindered its application in many important fields. The electric–magnetic-machine coupled dynamic mathematical model for GMA is established according to J-A dynamic hysteresis model, ampere circuit law, nonlinear quadratic domain model and structure dynamics equation. Nonlinear dynamic analysis method is applied to study the nonlinear dynamic behaviour of the key structure parameters to reveal their influence on the system stability. The design principle of structural parameters is obtained by studying stability of GMA, which provides theoretical basis and technical support for the structural stability design.     

Numerical simulation on coupling behavior of Terfenol-D rods

Terfenol-D rods, as a kind of giant magnetostrictive materials, are often used as active elements of device for anti-vibration application due to its superior material properties. Their magneto-mechanical responses exhibited in many experiments are nonlinear and coupled. In order to have a good understanding on their coupling characters for accurate control, the numerical simulation on dynamic behavior of a Terfenol-D rod is conducted based on a nonlinear and coupling constitutive model proposed in this paper. The results show that the constitutive model can effectively describe some intrinsic coupling phenomena observed by experiments involving the maximum magnetostrictive strain of a Terfenol-D rod changing with pre-stresses and the corresponding dynamic responses show that the frequency and the amplification of the Terfenol-D rod change with magnetic bias field and pre-stresses, which are also consistent with experimental data and cannot be captured by previous constitutive model.     

Nonlinear magneto-electric response of a giant magnetostrictive/piezoelectric composite cylinder

In this study,we investigate the nonlinear coupling magneto-electric(ME) effect of a giant magnetostrictive/piezoelectric composite cylinder.The nonlinear constitutive relations of the ME material are taken into account,and the influences of the nonlinear material properties on the ME effect are investigated for the static and dynamic cases,respectively.The influences of different constraint conditions on the ME effect are discussed.In the dynamic case considering nonlinear material properties,the double frequency ME response(The response frequency is twice the applied magnetic frequency) is obtained and discussed,which can be used to explain the experiment phenomenon in which the input signal with frequency f is converted to the output signal with 2 f in ME laminated structures.Some calculations on nonlinear ME effect are conducted.The obtained results indicate that the nonlinear material properties affect not only the magnitude of the ME effect in the static case but also the ME response frequency in the dynamic case.     

Experimental and theoretical study of the nonlinear response of agiant magnetostrictive rod

In this paper, a magnetomechanical coupling constitutive relation of the giant magnetostrictive material was investigated experimentally and theoretically. A grain-oriented magnetostrictive rod of iron and rare earth was tested under a combined magnetomechanical loading. Two types of experimental curves were obtained, i.e., the magnetostrictive curve of the extensional strain vs the magnetic field, and the curve of the magnetic polarization intensity vs the pre-stress. A new theoretical constitutive model, based on the density of domain switching, is developed. Comparison of the theoretical predictions with the experimental results indicates that this model can capture the main characteristics of the magnetoelastic coupling deformation of a giant magnetostrictive rod. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10025209, 10132010, 10102007)     

A constitutive model for magnetostrictive and piezoelectric materials

This paper is concerned with a macroscopic nonlinear constitutive law for magnetostrictive alloys and ferroelectric ceramics. It accounts for the hysteresis effects which occur in the considered class of materials. The uniaxial model is thermodynamically motivated and based on the definition of a specific free energy function and a switching criterion. Furthermore, an additive split of the strains and the magnetic or electric field strength into a reversible and an irreversible part is suggested. Analog to plasticity, the irreversible quantities serve as internal variables. A one-to-one-relation between the two internal variables provides conservation of volume for the irreversible strains. The material model is able to approximate the ferromagnetic or ferroelectric hysteresis curves and the related butterfly hysteresis curves. Furthermore, an extended approach for ferrimagnetic behavior which occurs in magnetostrictive materials is presented. A main aspect of the constitutive model is its numerical treatment. The finite element method is employed to solve the coupled field problem. Here the usage of the irreversible field strength permits the application of algorithms of computational inelasticity. The algorithmic consistent tangent moduli are developed in closed form. Hence, quadratic convergence in the iterative solution scheme of governing balance equations is obtained.     

VIBRATION SUPPRESSION OF CANTILEVER LAMINATED COMPOSITE PLATE WITH NONLINEAR GIANT MAGNETOSTRICTIVE MATERIAL LAYERS

In this paper, a nonlinear and coupled constitutive model for giant magnetostrictive materials(GMM) is employed to predict the active vibration suppression process of cantilever laminated composite plate with GMM layers. The nonlinear and coupled constitutive model has great advantages in demonstrating the inherent and complicated nonlinearities of GMM in response to applied magnetic field under variable bias conditions(pre-stress and bias magnetic field).The Hamilton principle is used to derive the nonlinear and coupled governing differential equation for a cantilever laminated composite plate with GMM layers. The derived equation is handled by the finite element method(FEM) in space domain, and solved with Newmark method and an iteration process in time domain. The numerical simulation results indicate that the proposed active control system by embedding GMM layers in cantilever laminated composite plate can efficiently suppress vibrations under variable bias conditions. The effects of embedded placement of GMM layers and control gain on vibration suppression are discussed respectively in detail.     

弹簧-金属丝网橡胶组合减振器迟滞力学模型及实验研究

金属丝网橡胶材料是一种完全由金属丝编织成的多孔复合材料,与传统螺旋卷制金属橡胶材料相比,其改进了成型工艺,剔除了制备过程中大量的手工工艺干扰,提高机械化程度,重合度更高,拥有更稳定的力学性能.由于金属丝网橡胶材料具有承载能力高、阻尼大、耐高温、耐低温、耐老化、抗油抗腐蚀等优良特性,在很多方面强于传统橡胶,多用于航空航天、船舶、军事武器等军工工业.弹簧$\!$-$\!$-$\!$金属丝网橡胶组合减振器具有可设计刚度和较高承载能力,但因其具有复杂的非线性迟滞特性,目前相关材料的本构模型还难以准确描述其力学特性.本文在弹簧$\!$-$\!$-$\!$金属丝网橡胶组合减振器静态迟滞力学性能实验的基础上,结合其干摩擦阻尼迟滞特性,提出了一种迟滞力学性能理论模型.根据减振器迟滞实验恢复力$\!$-$\!$-$\!$位移曲线特点,利用参数分离的方法将迟滞曲线分解为弹性恢复力和干摩擦阻尼力,分别建模求解等效刚度和干摩擦阻尼系数,以此建立了组合减振器理论模型,并与实验结果进行对比及进行误差分析,验证了理论模型的准确性.