钢管混凝土柱-钢梁节点的力学性能分析

基于弹塑性有限元理论建立了钢管混凝土柱-钢梁节点荷载-位移全过程非线性有限元模型,在单元分析中采用改进的AUL表述推导得到梁柱单元刚度矩阵方程,同时考虑了材料的物理非线性和单元的几何非线性,并编制了非线性有限元程序NLFEACFST。采用该模型对相关研究者和作者进行的节点试验进行了分析,理论计算结果与试验结果比较表明,该模型具有很好的适用性和精度。在理论分析模型得到试验结果验证的基础上,对典型的中柱节点进行了荷载-位移全过程非线性特性分析,并对影响节点承载力和荷载-位移骨架曲线的因素进行了参数分析,为进一步从理论研究钢管混凝土框架结构的力学性能创造了条件。     

钢筋混凝土剪力墙受火性能非线性分析

为了研究钢筋混凝土剪力墙的抗火性能,本文基于纤维元模型,提出了一种非线性分析方法。该方法无需计算截面的弯矩-曲率曲线族,计算过程中采用了高温下耦合的混凝土本构关系,其中考虑了混凝土高温热膨胀应变、瞬态热应变和徐变。编制了相应的非线性计算分析程序,程序考虑了轴力二阶效应的影响,计算得到了剪力墙跨中平面外挠度以及火灾下其跨...     

考虑非稳定蠕变及温度效应的碾压混凝有限元分析

本文将混凝土的瞬态热传导和徐变过程与内时损伤本构模型相结合、给出碾压混凝土考虑非稳定蠕变及温度影响下损伤破坏的非线性有限元计算格式，并编制出相应的分析程序，最后以实例进行了分析计算。     

考虑非稳定蠕变及温度效应的碾压混凝土有限元分析

本文将混凝土的瞬态热传导和徐变过程与内时损伤本构模型相结合，给出碾压混凝土考虑非稳定蠕变及温度影响下损伤破坏的非线性有限元计算格式，并编制出相应的分析程序，最后以实例进行了分析计算。     

钢筋混凝土结构非线性全过程分析方法及其应用

对普通钢筋混凝土结构和预应力混凝土结构在单调荷载及低周反复荷载的下受力全过程进行了模拟分析,程序设计中考虑了材料非线性,几何非线性,轴力二次矩,铺固钢筋的粘结滑移,混凝土的裂面效应,材料的双切线模量以及预应力的特点（包括次内力,预应力筋的应变滞后及其对混凝土裂面效应的影响等）等多种非线性因素的影响,典型算例表明,本文程序的计算值与试验结果吻合良好。     

钢管混凝土桥墩考虑粘结滑移效应的非线性纤维单元

基于粘结滑移理论和纤维模型建立了一个新的钢管混凝土桥墩单元,以提高钢管混凝土桥墩非线性分析的计算精度和计算效率。该单元是建立在小变形假定的基础上,同时忽略了剪切变形和扭转变形的影响。基于纤维模型的基本原理,将截面划分为不同的纤维组成,每根纤维的特性由材料的应力-应变本构关系描述,对截面上钢管、混凝土以及粘结滑移本构关系进行积分可以获得单元的非线性滞回特性;根据有限单元柔度法的基本理论,采用力的插值函数使单元始终满足轴力平衡和弯矩平衡条件。对比模型的计算结果和试验结果,可以看出本文模型具有良好的数值稳定性和鲁棒性,可以准确地计算钢管混凝土桥墩在复杂荷载作用下的滞回行为。最后本文对模型的适用性进行了讨论,分析了误差产生的原因并指出了需要进一步开展的工作。     

反复荷载下圆钢管型钢再生混凝土组合柱恢复力模型研究

为建立圆钢管型钢再生混凝土组合柱的恢复力模型,对11根圆钢管型钢再生混凝土组合柱试件进行了低周反复荷载试验研究,考虑了再生骨料取代率、配钢率及钢管径厚比等不同设计参数的影响,分析了组合柱的地震破坏形态及滞回性能。基于组合柱的力学特征及曲线形状,提出了圆钢管型钢再生混凝土组合柱骨架曲线的三折线参数模型,采用理论推导与数据拟合的方法确定了组合柱骨架曲线的模型参数。在此基础上,给出了组合柱的滞回规则和卸载规律,构建了组合柱的恢复力模型,计算滞回曲线与试验滞回曲线吻合良好,表明该恢复力模型较好地反映了反复荷载下组合柱的受力特征点及滞回性能,可为此类组合柱的推广提供技术参考。     

考虑几何与材料及静风荷载的非线性因素的大跨径桥梁静风稳定分析法

针对现有的桥梁静风稳定分析方法中存在的问题，提出了增量与内外两重迭代相结合的新方法，并且考虑了结构几何、材料和静风荷载非线性。在上述方法的基础上，编制了桥梁非线性空气静力稳定分析程序BNAP，并进行了相应的算例分析，所得结果表明该方法具有计算稳定和速度快的优点。最后，以一座主跨1000米的斜拉桥为例，分析了结构几何非线性、材料非线性和静风荷载非线性对大跨径桥梁空气静力稳定性的影响。     

架设阶段悬索桥静力问题的随机有限元分析

架设阶段的悬索桥不仅具有显著的几何非线性行为，而且存在材料特性的变异。本文建立了以增量形式表达的非线性摄动法随机有限元列式，并编制了悬索桥静力分析程序ＳＮＡＰ。针对一座国内在建的悬索桥，计算了该桥在某一施工阶段考虑缆索弹性模量随机性时主梁跨中点位移的变化。结果表明，材料随机性的影响十分明显。     

超磁致伸缩换能器的磁滞非线性动力学仿真

在超磁致伸缩材料输出端位移假设的基础上，建立了以输出顶杆为研究对 象、考虑材料内部磁滞非线性及预压弹簧特性的超磁致伸缩换能器非线性动力学模 型; 并将Simulink仿真系统应用到超磁致伸缩换能器系统动力学仿真中. 仿真结果表 明: 换能器模型系统为稳定周期运动系统，并具有滞回非线性特性；弹簧非线性项中的平方 项是影响换能器模型系统的主要因素. 经验证，数值计算结果与文献给出的试验测试结果吻 合较好.     

Preface: Current research progress on mechanics of high speed rail

The construction and operation of high-speed rail（HSR）grid within the past two decades in China,in terms of the scale,may be possibly comparable to any national-wide construction in the history of China,even the Great Wall.By counting railways with commercial train service at the speed of200 km/h,China has the world’s longest HSR network with over 19 369.8 km of track in service today and this number     

ACTA MECHANICA SINICA 2014 ANNUAL SUBJECT INDEX

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人造地震动合成中的位移误差分析

三角函数级数法是合成人工地震动常用算法之一,但是通过对加速度积分求取位移时,却存在与零线漂移相类似的位移漂移现象。     

Hermitian space-time finite elements for estuarine mass transport

Space-time finite element solutions of the convection–dispersion equation using higher-order nodal continuity and Hermitian polynomial shape functions are described. Five separate elements ranging from a complete linear element with C^0,0 nodal continuity to a complete first-order Hermitian element with C^1,1 nodal continuity are subjected to detailed analysis. Wave deformation analyses identify the source of leading or trailing edge oscillations, trailing edge oscillations being the major source of difficulty. These observations are confirmed by numerical experiments which further demonstrate the potential of higher-order nodal continuity. The performance of the complete first-order Hermitian element is quite satisfactory and measurably superior to the linear element.     

Rainwater rivulets on a cable subject to windFilets d'eau de pluie sur un câble soumis au vent

Rainwater rivulets appear on inclined cables of cable-stayed bridges when wind and rain occur simultaneously. In a restricted range of parameters this is known to cause vibrations of high amplitudes on the cable. The mechanism underlying this effect is still under debate but the role of rainwater rivulets is certain. We use a standard lubrication model to analyse the dynamics of a water film on a cylinder under the effect of gravity and wind load. A simple criterion is then proposed for the appearance and position of rivulets, where the Froude number is the control parameter. Experiments with several geometries of cylinder covered with water in a wind tunnel show the evolution of the rivulets with the Froude number. Comparison of the prediction by the model with these experimental data shows that the main mechanism of rivulet formation and positioning is captured. To cite this article: C. Lemaitre et al., C. R. Mecanique 334 (2006).     

Cristallisation par onde acoustique : le cas de l'héliumCrystallization by acoustic waves: the case of helium

We establish a theoretical model to explain the nucleation of a crystal of helium by an acoustic over-pressure. We explain the interfacial laws for this ultra-fast cristallization, close to the sound speed. Assuming spherical symmetry and taking into account the experimental data, we recover the dynamics of the growth and melting during an over-pressure impulse. To cite this article: M. Ben Amar et al., C. R. Mecanique 331 (2003).     

Structure initiale et propriétés de liquéfaction statique d'un sableInitial structure and static liquefaction properties of sand.

Based on the use of two different preparation procedures for reconstituting triaxial samples of sand, i.e. wet tamping and dry pluviation, significant differences in associated mechanical behaviour are observed on a reference sand with respect to the phenomenon of ‘static’ liquefaction. Wet tamping favours the initiation of liquefaction instability, whereas dry pluviation favours a more stable behaviour, less susceptible to liquefaction. Microscopic observation of corresponding sand specimens allows us to identify two well differentiated structures, i.e., for wet tamping, an irregular structure with predominance of aggregates (aggregated grains) and macropores, very contractant and unstable and, for dry pluviation, a more regular structure, without macropores, more dilatant and more stable. These observations show the importance of further characterization, based on the introduction of appropriate parameters, of the initial structure of sandy materials, strongly dependant upon their mode of formation (natural or artificial). To cite this article: N. Benahmed et al., C. R. Mecanique 332 (2004).     

Sources of Complexity in Human Systems

Complex is a special attribute we can give to many kinds of systems. Although it is used often as a synonym of difficult, it has a specific epistemological meaning, which is going to be shared by the incoming science of complexity. Difficult is an object which, by means of an adequate computational power, can be deterministically or stochastically predictable. On the contrary complex is an object which can not be predictable because of logical impossibility or because its predictability would require a computational power far beyond any physical feasibility, now and forever. For complexity refers to some observing system, it is always subjective, and thus it is defined as observed irreducible complexity. Human systems are affected by several sources of complexity, belonging to three classes, in order of descending restrictivity. Systems belonging to the first class are not predictable at all, those belonging to the second class are predictable only through an infinite computational capacity, and those belonging to the third class are predictable only through a trans-computational capacity. The first class has two sources of complexity: logical complexity, directly deriving from self-reference and Gödel's incompleteness theorems, and relational complexity, resulting in a sort of indeterminacy principle occurring in social systems. The second class has three sources of complexity: gnosiological complexity, which consists of the variety of possible perceptions; semiotic complexity, which represents the infinite possible interpretations of signs and facts; and chaotic complexity, which characterizes phenomena of nonlinear dynamic systems. The third class coincides with computational complexity, which basically coincides with the mathematical concept of intractability. Artificial, natural, biological and human systems are characterized by the influence of different sources of complexity, and the latter appear to be the most complex.