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随着电子技术、计算机技术的飞速发展,传统的全息干涉技术已经发展到了电子散斑和电子剪切散斑阶段。电子散斑和电子剪切散斑不仅可以完成表面变形量的测量,并且由于它们具有实时性、高灵敏度、非接触性和全场测量等优点,在工业和科研领域中得到了越来越广泛的应用。本文首先介绍了电子剪切散斑干涉的基本原理,然后着重介绍了自行编制的对离面位移的电子剪切散斑图像进行处理的系统。该图像处理系统的主要功能有平滑、区域标记、像素统计等。用该系统对图像进行处理后,可以直接得到缺陷的实际大小。通过对带有已知缺陷模型的实际测量,所得结果与实际吻合较好,说明该图像处理系统是可行的。 相似文献
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数字图像相关方法中散斑图的质量评价研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
在利用数字图像相关方法测量物体表面变形时,被测物体表面必需覆盖有灰度随机分布的散斑场,该散斑场作为试件表面变形信息的载体随试件一起变形。在实际情况下,不同的散斑场会显示出完全不同的灰度分布特征,并对数字图像相关方法的测量结果有着重要影响。因此如何定量评价散斑图的优劣是数字图像相关方法中一个重要的基本问题,也是该方法的使用者非常关心的问题。基于最近数字图像相关方法基本理论研究的进展,本文提出平均灰度梯度这一新参数用于散斑图质量的评价。为证实该参数的有效性,本文对五幅明显不同的散斑图进行了精确平移,并将数字图像相关方法测量的位移与预加的平移量进行比较,分析了位移测量结果的均值误差和标准差。结果显示位移测量结果的均值误差和标准差均与散斑图的平均灰度梯度有关,一个好的散斑图应该具有较大的平均灰度梯度。 相似文献
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本文重点讨论了应用电子散斑干涉法测量弹性元件的挠曲线的方法.将电子散斑测量离面位移的光路引入到高弹性连轴器挠性杆的横向弯曲变形测量中.新的离面位移测量光路并结合相移技术是其特点.首先采用类似于麦克尔逊式光路的方式将物光和参考光垂直分布,使得离面位移的结果是直接并且是纯粹的获得;其次,固体泵浦激光的相干长度很长,从而在设计光路时带来了便利,光路可以很紧凑而不考虑物光与参考光的光程差;最后,在参考光路中引入精密的PZT相移器,从而实现了位相技术,使得测量的结果能数字化输出.电子散斑干涉方法在光学非破坏性检测领域得到了广泛的应用,采用电子散斑干涉技术可以测量物体的变形、位移、振型等.该方法具有实时显示、全场非接触测量、精度和灵敏度高、采用位相技术可以方便的实现测量结果的数字化等优点.本文采用电子散斑干涉结合相移技术,得到了的数字化结果,再和有限元模拟计算进行了比较,证明了方法的正确性. 相似文献
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生成数字散斑图像以及对应的变形图像是数字图像相关研究的基础,然而至今仍然缺乏功能齐全、操作简单、界面友好的专业散斑生成和分析软件;研究者需要自行实现相关算法,不仅费时耗力,也增加了出错的可能性。本文发布了一款自由开源的数字散斑图像生成和评价软件:《光绘》。该软件具有散斑图生成、变形图生成、散斑质量评价和散斑图案推荐等功能:可以生成椭圆、多边形和高斯散斑;可以渲染平移、拉伸/压缩、旋转、正弦、高斯和剪切带等变形模式的变形图;可以计算散斑占空比、散斑尺寸、系统误差和随机误差等关键散斑质量评价参数;可以根据工况生成矢量格式的推荐散斑图案。本文提出向后映射初值快速估计算法和散斑图预渲染技术实现了变形图的实时渲染显示,并使用积分图像技术大幅提升了灰度梯度平方和的计算效率。该软件不仅可用于数字图像相关的学术研究和工程应用,也可服务于实验力学的教学工作,具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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本文运用统计光学的理论,详细研究了白光散斑剪切照相的统计规律,导出了白光散斑剪切照相法测量位移导数场的条件,指出了物面粗糙度,光源相干性及光路对称性等对散斑条纹的影响。 相似文献
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赵清澄;曹正元;陈方;方如华 《力学与实践》1989,11(3):49-51
本文简述了白光散斑照相的基本原理,介绍了白光散斑法在高速动态小变形测量和钢筋混凝土大构件物变形现场测量中的应用. 相似文献
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进入21世纪之后,激光干涉作为一种成熟的非接触式动态测量技术,开始逐步应用于不同的工业领域。激光干涉动态测量技术主要分成两类:一类是基于高速相机的干涉测量技术,而另一类则是基于单像素光电探测器的干涉测量技术。这两类技术都有其局限性:基于高速相机的技术受限于相机时间轴上的采样率;而基于光电探测器的技术则在空间域上只能进行单点测量。针对稳态振动和非稳态振动/变形测量两种实际应用,本文分别讨论了这两类干涉测量技术近年来的一些最新发展。作者希望通过本文的讨论为不同领域的研究人员和工程师在实际应用中选取更优的动态测量方案提供有力的参考。 相似文献
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A robust electronic shearography technique is described that is immune to ambinet noise. In this technique, additive speckle-interference images containing information about the same two states of deformation of a test object undergoing acoustic stressing are acquired in each video frame. When a spatially nonuniform phase modulation is introduced in every other frame during the video sequence (using a tilting mirror) and the additive interference images are subtracted sequentially using a real-time image processor, the self-interference component of sheared-speckle interference pattern is removed. The susceptibility of this method to environmental noise caused by induced thermal noise and low frequency vibration is demonstrated to be lower than that of conventional substractive shearography methods; fringe visibility and contrast are significantly improved as well. The ability of this technique to work in a turbulent environment is demonstrated, and application to detection of structural defects in adhesively bonded structures, a problem of interest in nondestructive evaluation of structures, is shown. 相似文献
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数字全息是用数字的方式记录和处理全息图像,避免了传统全息照相的化学处理,既简化了处理过程,更便于用数字图像处理的方式来改进图像质量和提取信息。数字全息干涉计量技术是一种全场、非接触的光学测量方法,该方法测量精度高,光路简单,对防振要求低,实验条件容易满足,特别适合微小物体的微小位移或变形的精确测量。本文运用数字全息干涉计量法测定了两端固支梁的微小离面位移;经实验验证数字全息计量术能精确测量物体0.01微米量级位移或变形;而且该方法可靠性好、成本低;是非接触的无损测量。数字全息计量技术的这些特点使得该技术在小物体的微小变形测量上具有特别的优越性,因而在MEMS结构及MEMS材料参数(如弹性模量、泊松比、热变形系数等)的测定中有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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Shearography is an interferometric method for the direct measurement of derivatives of surface displacement. Shearography
is traditionally practiced with a double-exposure mode. This paper presents a realtime technique which allows the derivative
of surface displacement of the test object to be continuously observed. This technique is useful for monitoring time-dependent
or transient deformation. 相似文献
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Advances in light microscope stereo vision 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
The increasing research focus on small-scale mechanical systems has generated a need for deformation and strain measurement
systems for microscale applications. Optical measurement systems, such as digital image correlation, present an obvious choice
due to their non-contacting nature. However, the transfer of measurement technology developed for macroscale applications
to the microscale presents unique challenges due to the differences in the required highmagnification optics. In this paper
we illustrate the problems involved in calibrating a stereo microscope using traditional techniques and present a novel methodology
for acquiring accurate, three-dimensional surface shape and deformation data on small-scale specimens.
Experimental results demonstrate that stereo microscope systems can be accurately and reliably calibrated using a priori distortion
estimation techniques in combination with traditional bundle-adjustment. The unique feature of the present methodology is
that it does not require a precision calibration target but relies solely on point correspondences obtained by image correlation.
A variety of experiments illustrate the measurement performance of a stereo microscope system. It is shown that the surface
strains obtained from the full-field, three-dimensional measurements on tensile specimens undergoing large rigid-body motions
are within ±50 microstrain of strain gage measurements for strains ranging from 0 to 2000 microstrain.
H. W. Schreier was a PhD Student from Ecole Mines des Albi in France 相似文献
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This paper illustrates the use of reciprocity in electronic-holography experiments to determine unknown forces or couples acting on a mechanical structure. Electronic holography and electronic shearography are simple, fast and contact-free methods for the measurement of deformation fields or gradients of deformation fields, both for static and sinusoidal loadings. From a first measurement, the deformation field of the structure for a known force is determined. In a second experiment, the deformation field for the unknown quantity is measured. Reciprocity is then used to determine the unknown quantity. These optical methods are useful tools for the understanding of reciprocity. 相似文献
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桥梁、隧道、舰船等大型结构变形的全场、高精度、动态测量,是其动态性能实验和质量监测的基本要求。摄像测量具有非接触、高精度、可测点多、实时动态测量等特点,在大型结构的变形监测方面有独特的优势。本文介绍了作者所在科研团队近年来利用摄像测量技术在大型结构变形监测方面的研究新成果和典型应用,包括提出位移传递像机串联网络摄像测量方法与技术,用于自动监测高速铁路、隧道等大型结构的路基沉降;研制天线基座变形摄像测量系统,实时、连续、长时间测量我国远望号测量船的天线基座变形等。 相似文献