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1.
提出了适用于微区测量的两步数字图像相关法,采用二阶泰勒多项式子区位移模式有效地降低了截断误差;采用B-样条插值函数提高了亚像素重建的精度;采用拟牛顿迭代法提高了计算速度等,使微区内应变测量精度控制在100~150με。在残余应变测量中通过数字标记点相关技术实现了试件的精确复位,提高了其测量精度。文中利用上述方法测量了镀层改性试件跨界面的位移场和应变场,分析了裂纹对镀层的影响以及测出了基材中引起的残余应变;同时对镀层改性界面结合性能作了定量比较。  相似文献   

2.
本文通过激光波数扫描干涉测量系统和方法,透视测量商用玻璃纤维增强复合材料板前、后表面的离面应变场分布。实验中分别对有缺陷和无缺陷的商用玻璃纤维增强复合材料样品进行了离面位移场测量和平均轴向正应变场分布计算。无缺陷样品的离面位移场及压缩应变场分布均匀连续,随加载呈现递增压缩变化;有缺陷样品的缺陷周围的离面位移场分布变化无规则,其压缩正应变分布以缺陷孔洞为中心,加载量越大,孔洞周围其压缩正应变值较小的区域越大,压缩正应变集中在远离孔洞的边缘区域,随加载量变化压缩应变场分布无线性规律。实验结果证明,激光波数扫描干涉测量系统和方法准确可靠,它为玻璃纤维增强复合材料板的力学性能测量提供了一个新技术平台。  相似文献   

3.
测量裂纹的扩展过程对于揭示混凝土结构的破坏机理和评价其力学性能十分重要. 本文提出了一种基于混凝土表面变形场的裂纹定位和宽度测量方法, 首先基于多相机数字图像相关方法得到混凝土试件表面的高分辨变形场, 发现开裂引起的位移梯度使裂纹附近的虚主应变场明显区别于未开裂处, 且主应变场在裂纹法线方向近似高斯分布. 借鉴在激光条纹中心线定位中广泛采用的Steger算法思想, 提出了基于主应变场的裂纹定位方法, 并将裂纹两侧位于法线上的面内位移向量做差沿裂纹法线方向上的投影为Ⅰ型裂纹宽度, 沿裂纹切线方向上的投影为Ⅱ型裂纹宽度, 最终得到了裂纹每一点的位置和宽度. 利用高精度平移台设计了模拟裂纹扩展的实验, 以验证Ⅰ型裂纹宽度的测量精度. 实验结果表明: 裂纹宽度的测量误差在0.010 ~ 0.017像素之间, 与理论预测相符; 测量误差的标准差在0.006 ~ 0.008像素之间, 测量结果比较稳定. 在同等分辨率下, 本文方法的测量精度优于基于图像的裂纹测量方法. 本文提出的方法可以全自动、实时地测量裂纹扩展, 为混凝土实验提供了一种可靠、精确的全场裂纹测量手段.   相似文献   

4.
数字图像相关方法是一种非接触式的变形场测量方法。虽然目前该算法能取得较高的计算精度,但是通常存在计算量较大、计算时间较长的问题。为了提高算法的计算效率,本文提出了一种基于移动最小二乘算法拟合整像素位移求解亚像素位移的数字图像相关方法。因为采用移动最小二乘算法有效利用了局部特征,所以可以采用相对简单的多项式拟合求解复杂的周期型余弦变形,同时计算结果具有较高的精度。计算结果的平均误差为0.0238pixel,标准误差为0.0791pixel,与常用的空间相关亚像素位移计算结果精度相当。实验结果验证了本文算法的正确性和有效性。通过与等计算精度的NR算法对比分析,结果表明本文算法在亚像素位移计算阶段具有更高的计算效率。计算效率至少提升了58.1倍,最多提升了437.8倍。  相似文献   

5.
网格数字图像相关方法测量位移场的研究   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6  
本文将数字图像相关方法与古老的网格法相结合,给出了一种测量面内位移场的新方法——网格数字图像相关方法,实现了高精度的测量,精度可达0.02亚像素.在该方法中网格点采用圆标记点,使该方法特别适用于小线应变位移场的研测.本文运用Windows下的新的图像采集方法测量物体位移场,突破了Dos系统下对内存操作的限制,并使每一帧图像的像素数由512×512增至768×576,提高了图形的分辨率.  相似文献   

6.
图像相关法在高分子材料拉伸性能研究中的应用   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
本文对聚碳酸酯(PC)和丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯(ABS)的合金(PC/ABS)高分子材料不同环境温度下的拉伸性能进行了试验研究。根据图像相关分析法编制了图像法位移测量分析软件,并对该分析软件的适用性进行了分析。系统研究了PC/ABS高分子材料拉伸试验时三个方向的位移场和应变场。根据测得的位移场研究了该高分子材料拉伸过程中应变和应变率的变化以及应力应变变化规律,并对试验结果进行了详细分析。结果表明,文中采用的图像法位移测量系统具有较高的测试精度;拉伸过程中,试件厚度方向的收缩变形大于宽度方向的收缩变形;颈缩过程区具有非常高的应变率,颈缩后的平直颈缩区的应变率快速下降到一个很低的应变率继续缓慢变形;尽管载荷位移曲线出现了较大的载荷下降现象,PC/ABS拉伸时的真应力应变曲线没有明显的应力下降现象出现,因此,载荷下降现象主要由颈缩时的截面减小引起;高分子材料PC/ABS的屈服应力随环境温度的升高而降低。  相似文献   

7.
数字图像相关中亚像素位移测量算法的研究   总被引:11,自引:1,他引:10  
潘兵  谢惠民  戴福隆 《力学学报》2007,39(2):245-252
为提高位移测量精度而提出的各种亚像素位移测量算法被认为是数字图像相关方法 中的关键技术之一,详细了解已有各算法的性能无疑具有实际意义. 总结文献中3种 最常用的亚像素位移测量算法,首先用无噪声的计算机仿真散斑图对各算法的性能从计算精 度和计算效率两个方面进行了比较研究,并用实际实验图片对其性能做进一步的研究,结果 显示在图像子区大小相同的情况下,基于空域相关函数迭代的牛顿-拉普森方法计算结果最 为精确、稳定.  相似文献   

8.
应用云纹干涉法测量力电耦合作用下铁电陶瓷的破坏行为   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文采用云纹干涉系统对的电陶瓷在力电耦合载荷作用下裂纹尖端的力学行为进行全场实时非接触动态细观测量,采用三点弯实验获取裂纹尖端区域在力电耦合作用下与电场集中有关的电致伸缩位移场,应变场,通过分析实验取得的云纹图得到了裂尖区域的位移场,应变场,发现裂尖区域就变随着与裂尖距离的增加衰减的速率比没有电场作用下的理论计算结果要快。  相似文献   

9.
为了研究粘性效应作用下的动态扩展裂纹尖端渐近场,建立了可压缩粘弹性材料II型动态扩展裂纹的力学模型,推导了可压缩材料Ⅱ型动态扩展裂纹的本构方程.在稳态蠕变阶段,弹性变形和粘性变形同时在裂纹尖端场中占主导地位,应力和应变具有相同的奇异量级r-1/(n-1).通过渐近分析求得了裂纹尖端应力、应变和位移分离变量形式的渐近解,并采用打靶法求得了裂纹尖端应力、应变和位移的数值结果,给出了应力、应变和位移随各种参数的变化曲线.数值计算表明,弹性变形部分的可压缩性对Ⅱ型裂尖应力场影响甚微,而对应变场和位移场影响较大.裂尖场主要受材料的蠕变指数n和马赫数M的控制.当泊松比ν =0.5时,可以退化为不可压缩粘弹性材料Ⅱ型动态扩展裂纹.  相似文献   

10.
后验概率算法用于位移场的确定   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
提出了一种基于贝叶斯最大后验估计算法确定固体表面位移场的方法。在图像处理过程中,把位移看作随机变量,首先建立贝叶斯模型,对变形前数字图像中的一个像素点,选定变形前后两幅数字图像中对应的圆形子区,将两子区所对应的所有可能位移逐一代入贝叶斯后验概率公式进行计算,使后验概率最大的位移值就是所求该点的位移。在得到整像素位移之后,引入亚像素重建技术,确定图像的精确位移场。本文通过计算机数字模拟实验和实物标准位移实验,验证了该方法的可行性,并得到了0.02pixel的位移测量精度。  相似文献   

11.
A high-magnification moiré interferometer, particularly suitable for near-tip field analysis in cracked materials, is described. It has a submillimeter field of view, a high-resolution image sensor (1.4 million pixels), X-Y-Z translation stage and an optical fiber light delivery system. These features enable the microscope head to observe the crack tip while the specimen is loaded in a standard tensile test machine. Automated fringe pattern analysis, using temporal phase shifting and spatial phase unwrapping, enables thex ory displacement component to be measured and the corresponding in-plane strain component computed. The displacement placement accuracy is better than 40 nm, and the effective strain gage dimension is ∼ 25 μm. Furthermore, the interferometer has a built-in white light microscope that allows the observation of the specimen granular microstructure in exact registration with the displacement field. The interferometer has hence been employed to investigate the near-tip fields of a precracked stainless steel specimen under load. The influence of the grain boundaries on the measured displacement fields was relatively minor. The near-tip strain field shows a significant asymmetrical behavior despite pure mode lloading conditions.  相似文献   

12.
本文用数字散斑相关方法测量了五种不同幂硬化指数韧性金属材料(铝和铜),双边裂纹尖端细观区域内应变场.对所得结果用韧性损伤模型进行了分析.在此法中以金属自然表面结构为散斑场,不同加载状态的散斑场进行比较,得到相对变形与应变.图象之间相关性 C 是变形参数或是位移及其导数的泛函.使其相关性 C 取最大值的试凑变形即为其真实变形场.这一方法在细观测量中应用得到满意的结果.  相似文献   

13.
Optical full-field measurement methods are now widely applied in various domains. In general, the displacement fields can be directly obtained from the measurement, however in mechanical analysis strain fields are preferred. To extract strain fields from noisy displacement fields is always a challenging topic. In this study, a finite element method for smoothing displacement fields and calculating strain fields is proposed. An experimental test case on a holed aluminum specimen under tension is applied to validate this method. The heterogeneous displacement fields are measured by digital image correlation (DIC). By this proposed method, the result shows that the measuring noise on experimental displacement fields can be successfully removed, and strain fields can be reconstructed in the arbitrary area.  相似文献   

14.
A three-nested-deformation model is proposed to describe crack-tip fields in rubber-like materials with large deformation.The model is inspired by the distribution of the measured in-plane and out-of-plane deformation.The inplane displacement of crack-tip fields under both Mode I and mixed-mode(Mode I-II) fracture conditions is measured by using the digital Moire’ method.The deformation characteristics and experimental sector division mode are investigated by comparing the measured displacement fields under different fracture modes.The out-of-plane displacement field near the crack tip is measured using the three-dimensional digital speckle correlation method.  相似文献   

15.
Polymer bonded explosives (PBXs) are highly particle-filled composite materials. This paper experimentally studies the tensile deformation and fracture behavior of a PBX simulation by using the semi-circular bending (SCB) test. The deformation and fracture process of a pre-notched SCB sample with a random speckle pattern is recorded by a charge coupled device camera. The displacement and strain fields on the observed surface during the loading process are obtained by using the digital image correlation method. The crack opening displacement is calculated from the displacement fields, the initiation and propagation of the crack are analyzed. In addition, the damage evolution and fracture mechanisms of the SCB sample are analyzed according to the strain fields and the correlation coefficient fields at different loading steps.  相似文献   

16.
The stress and deformation fields near the tip of a mode-I dynamic crack steadilypropagating in an elastic-perfectly plastic compressible material are considered under plane strain condi-tions. Within the framework of infinitesimal displacement gradient theory, the material is character-ized by the Von Mises yield criterion and the associated J_2 flow theory of plasticity. Through rigorousmathematical analysis, this paper eliminates the possibilities of elastic unloading and continuousasymptotic fields with singular deformation, and then constructs a fully continuous and boundedasymptotic stress and strain field. It is found that in this solution there exists a parameter (?)_0 whichcannot be determined by asymptotic analysis but may characterize the effect of the far field. Lastly thevariations of continuous stresses, velocities and strains around the crack tip are given numerically fordifferent values of (?)_0.  相似文献   

17.
18.
Stereo vision is used to measure the strain field of a round tension test specimen in a cylindrical coordinate system. Initially, the displacement fields of the specimen are measured relative to a world coordinate system erected by the stereo vision. Through coordinate transformations, the measured displacement fields expressed in world coordinates are then converted to the displacement fields expressed in cylindrical coordinates. By differentiating the axial and circumferential displacements in the axial and circumferential directions, the axial, circumferential and shear strains are determined. Results indicate that the measured mean value of the axial strains is in good agreement with the measurements of the extensometer and the strain gage. The Poisson's ratio obtained by the circumferential and axial strains is close to .33 in the elastic state. The mean error of the computed shear strain is approximately .03 percent in the smaller elastic deformation and .08 percent in the larger plastic deformation.  相似文献   

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