载流薄板中裂纹形成瞬间尖端附近的应力场

利用电磁场的热效应对带有裂纹的载流导体进行裂纹止裂,是为了达到延长其工作寿命,提高安全性、可靠性的一种行之有效的方法。本文在文献[1]的基础上,以导电弹性体的麦克斯威尔方程为出发点,借助于边界条件和初始条件,推得了载流无限大薄板在形成裂纹的瞬间,裂纹尖端附近电流密度、温度和应力的具体表达式。通过算例分析证实了：在给定参数的情况下,通入适当强度的电流时,在电流所产生的焦耳热源的作用下,裂尖区域处的温度将瞬时升高,同时伴有压应力的产生,从而可达到阻止裂纹扩展的目的。     

基于新型裂尖杂交元的压电材料断裂力学研究

提出了一种裂尖邻域杂交元模型，将其与标准杂交应力元结合来求解压电材料裂纹尖 端的奇性电弹场和断裂参数的数值解．裂纹尖端杂交元的建立步骤为：1) 利用高次内插有限元特征法求解特征问题，得到反映裂尖奇异性电弹场状况的特 征值和特征角分布函数；2) 利用广义Hellinger-Reissner变分泛函以及特征问题的解来建立裂尖邻域杂交元模型．该 方法求解电弹场时，摒弃了传统有限元方法中裂尖奇异性场需要借助解析解的做法，也避免 了单纯有限元方法中需要在裂尖端部进行高密度单元划分．采用PZT5板中心裂纹问题 作为考核例，数值结果显示了良好的精确性．作为进一步应用，求解了含中心界面裂纹 的PZT4-PZT5两相压电材料的应力强度因子和电位移强度因子．所有的算例都考虑 了3种裂纹面电边界条件．     

垂直界面裂纹断裂力学问题的实验研究

用实验方法研究了具有垂直界面方向裂纹的界面断裂力学问题．根据实验结果对裂尖区域的奇异性性质、角位移分布、应力强度因子等进行了分析，并将实验结果与理论结果进行了比较和讨论     

机械载荷作用下单边裂纹载流薄板的应力场

采用坐标变换的方式，将单边裂纹载流薄板通电瞬间由温度产生的应力场表达式中的各应力分量分离，并用极坐标进行表示．给出了Ⅰ型穿透裂纹尖端附近的应力场的表达式．最后将温度产生的应力场与单向拉伸载荷作用产生的应力场相叠加，推导出用极坐标表示的机械载荷作用下单边裂纹载流薄板的应力场的表达式，并给出算例．     

含裂纹金属薄板胶接补强的应力分析

本文应用弹塑性有限元分析胶接补强的含裂纹薄板结构,剪切单元被改进使之可连结平面等参单元并用于分析胶层应力。计算了补强后裂纹板的应力强度因子,并将计算结果与实验数据作了比较,分析表明,胶接补强可显著降低裂尖的应力集中,使裂纹板内应力分布趋于均匀。     

含裂纹金属薄板胶接补强的应力分析

本文应用弹塑性有限元分析胶接补强的含裂纹薄板结构,剪切单元被改进使之可连结平面等参单元并用于分析胶层应力。计算了补强后裂纹板的应力强度因子,并将计算结果与实验数据作了比较,分析表明,胶接补强可显著降低裂尖的应力集中,使裂纹板内应力分布趋于均匀。     

基于有限元方法的航空发动机叶片应力强度因子计算

为研究叶片裂纹尖端的应力奇异性,以某型航空发动机压气机叶片为例,利用有限元方法研究了叶片裂纹尖端应力强度因子的计算方法,并研究了旋转叶片振动状态下裂尖应力强度因子随裂纹长度的变化规律。建立计算模型时,在裂纹尖端划分了三维奇异单元,在裂尖外围划分了过渡单元。计算结果表明：研究旋转叶片振动状态下的裂尖应力奇异性,仅利用I型应力强度因子就具有足够的精度;对于同一裂纹,绝大多数情况下叶盆面应力强度因子大于叶背面应力强度因子,故研究叶片应力强度因子时只需研究叶盆应力强度因子即可;随着裂纹扩展,叶盆面I型应力强度因子不断增大。本文的研究方法及结论为进一步研究叶片的裂纹扩展规律及损伤容限奠定了基础。     

断裂力学中Westergaard应力函数小议

一些受载的平面裂纹体可以简化为对称或反对称载荷下,含单个或多个周期性分布穿透裂纹的无穷大板。由于"无穷远"处边界条件的简化,采用Westergaard应力函数求解此类问题的裂尖附近应力场、位移场和应力强度因子十分简便。然而,正是由于这一"无穷 ...     

层状磁电复合材料界面共线裂纹平面问题分析

本文研究了面内电磁势载荷作用下双层压电压磁复合材料中共线界面裂纹问题．考虑了压电材料的导磁性质和压磁材料的介电性质,引入了界面电位移和磁感强度的连续性条件．利用Fourier 变换得到一组第二类Cauchy 型奇异积分方程．进一步导出了相应问题的应力强度因子、电位移强度因子和磁感强度强度因子的表达式,给出了应力强度因子的数值结果．结果表明电磁载荷会导致界面裂纹尖端I、II 混合型应力奇异性,同时还伴随着电位移和磁感强度的奇异性．比较了双裂纹左右端的应力强度因子,发现在面内极化方向上施加面内磁势载荷时共线裂纹内侧尖端区域的两个法向应力场发生互相干涉增强．     

层状介质垂直界面有限裂纹问题的积分变换解

层状弹性材料包含垂直于界面有限裂纹时，可运用富里叶变换及引用位错密度函数，导出了反映裂纹尖端奇异性的奇异积分方程组，并使用Ｌｏｂａｔｔｏ－ｃｈｅｂｙｓｈｅｖ方法解此方程组，最后得到裂纹尖端应力强度因子，为检验方法的正确性，对某两层含裂实际结构进行了计算，结果是满意的。     

INTERACTION OF THREE PARALLEL CRACKS IN RECTANGULAR PLATE UNDER CYCLIC LOADS

This paper presents a numerical approach for modeling the interaction between multiple cracks in a rectangular plate under cyclic loads. It involves the formulation of fatigue growth of multiple crack tips under ruixed-mode loading and an extension of a hybrid displacement discontinuity method （a boundary element method） to fatigue crack growth analyses. Because of an intrinsic feature of the boundary element method, a general growth problem of multiple cracks can be solved in a single-region formulation. In the numerical simulation, remeshing of existing boundaries is not necessary for each increment of crack extension. Crack extension is conveniently modeled by adding new boundary elements on the incremental crack extension to the previous crack boundaries. As an example, the numerical approach is used to analyze the fatigue growth of three parallel cracks in a rectangular plate. The numerical results illustrate the validation of the numerical approach and can reveal the effect of the geometry of the cracked plate on the fatigue growth.     

Surface cracks in a plate of finite width under extension or bending

In this paper the problem of a finite plate containing collinear surface cracks is considered. The problem is solved by using the line spring model with plane elasticity and Reissner's plate theory. The main purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of interaction between two cracks or between cracks and stress-free plate boundaries on the stress intensity factors and to provide extensive numerical results which may be useful in applications. First, some sample results are obtained and are compared with the existing finite element results. Then the problem is solved for a single (internal) crack, two collinear cracks and two corner cracks for wide range of relative dimensions. Particularly in corner cracks the agreement with the finite element solution is surprisingly very good. The results are obtained for semielliptic and rectangular crack profiles which may, in practice, correspond to two limiting cases of the actual profile of a subcritically growing surface crack.     

Fatigue growth modeling of cracks emanating from a circular hole in infinite plate

This paper presents a numerical approach of fatigue growth analysis of cracks emanating from a hole in infinite elastic plate subjected to remote loads. It involves a generation of Bueckner’s principle and a hybrid displacement discontinuity method (a boundary element method) proposed recently by the senior author of the paper. Because of an intrinsic feature of the boundary element method, a general crack growth problem can be solved in a single region formulation. In the numerical simulation, for each increment of crack extension, remeshing of existing boundaries is not necessary. Crack extension is modeled conveniently by adding new boundary elements on the incremental crack extension to the previous crack boundaries. As an example, fatigue growth process of an inclined crack in an infinite plate under uniaxial cycle load is modeled to illustrate the effectiveness of the numerical approach. In addition, fatigue growth of cracks emanating from a circular hole in infinite elastic plate subjected to remote loads is investigated by using the numerical approach. Many numerical results are given     

Multiple cracks in thermoelectroelastic bimaterials

The formulation for thermal stress and electric displacement in an infinite thermopiezoelectric plate with an interface and multiple cracks is presented. Using Green's function approach and the principle of superposition, a system of singular integral equations for the unknown temperature discontinuity defined on each crack face is developed and solved numerically. The formulation can then be used to calculate some fracture parameters such as the stress–electric displacement and strain energy density factor. The direction of crack growth for many cracks in thermopiezoelectric bimaterials is predicted by way of the strain energy density theory. Numerical results for stress–electric displacement factors and crack growth direction at a particular crack tip in two crack system of bimaterials are presented to illustrate the application of the proposed formulation.     

Elastoplastic cracks moving in orthotropic crystals

The stress field, crack-tip plastic zones and total plastic displacement created around an infinite row of collinear elastoplastic constant width Griffith-type strip cracks moving within an orthotropic crystal are considered using the powerful method of dislocation layers. The method is applied with the BCS modelled elastoplastic cracks moving under mode III loading at constant crack-tip velocity, according to the Yoffe model. Simultaneously the analysis provides solutions for a corresponding single crack moving similarly within a finite orthotropic plate and a finite plate containing a surface crack. Analogous results for the corresponding mode I, mode II and purely elastic cracks can be deduced.     

Linear Elastic Solutions for Slotted Plates

Two-dimensional problems of finite-length blunted cracks cut into infinite plates subject to remote tractions are solved using complex variable theory. The slot geometry is composed of two flat surfaces connected by rounded ends. This special geometrical shape was derived by Riabouchinsky in the study of two-dimensional ideal fluid flow around parallel plates. The simpler antiplane slotted plate problem is addressed initially for this geometry. From this exact solution, the equivalent of a Westergaard stress potential is found and applied to the two other principal modes of fracture, which are plane elasticity problems. For a plate subject to uniform radial tension at infinity, an analytical solution is obtained that will reduce to the familiar mode I singular crack solution as the separation between the parallel faces of the slot becomes zero. For finite-width mode I slots, the rounded ends have tensile tractions which terminate at the adjoining flat surfaces of the slot, which remain traction-free. In this respect, the finite-width mode I slot problem resembles a Barenblatt cohesive zone model of a plane crack or a Dugdale plastic strip model of a plane crack, although the tractions will vary in magnitude along the slot ends rather than remaining uniform as in the former type of crack problems. Similarly, in the case of the finite-width mode II slot problem, the rounded ends of the slot have shear tractions, while the flat surfaces remain load-free. A distinguishing feature of the mode II slot solution over the mode I slot problem is that the maximum in-plane shear stress is constant along the rounded ends of the slot. Because of this, those particular regions of the boundary can represent incipient plastic yield based on either the Mises or Tresca yield condition under plane strain loading conditions. In this way, the problem resembles the plastic strip models of Dugdale, Cherepanov, Bilby-Cottrell-Swinden, and others. Notably, the mode III slot problem also has a constant maximum shear stress along the curved portions of the slot, while the entire slot boundary remains traction-free, unlike the mode II slot problem. Consequently, the mode III slot problem represents both a generalization of the standard mode III crack problem geometry, while simultaneously satisfying the boundary conditions of a plastic strip model.     

Analytic solutions to problem of elliptic hole with two straight cracks in one-dimensional hexagonal quasicrystals

By means of the complex variable function method and the technique of conformal mapping, the anti-plane shear problem of an elliptic hole with two straight cracks in one-dimensional hexagonal quasicrystals is investigated. The solution of the stress intensity factor （SIF） for mode III problem has been found. Under the condition of limitation, both the known results and the SIF solution at the crack tip of a circular hole with two straight cracks and cross crack in one-dimensional hexagonal quasicrystals can be obtained.     

Electrothermal stress in conductive body with collinear cracks

The temperature and stress field in a thin plate with collinear cracks interrupting an electric current field are determined. This is accomplished by using a complex function method that allows a direct means of finding the distribution of the electric current, the temperature and stress field. Temperature dependency for the heat-transfer coefficient, coefficient of linear expansion and the elastic modulus are considered. As an example, temperature distribution is calculated for an alloy (No. GH2132) plate with two collinear cracks under high temperature. Relationships between the stress, temperature, electric density and crack length are obtained. Crack trajectories emanating from existing crack are predicted by application of the strain energy density criterion which can also be used for finding the load carrying capacity of the cracked plate.     

Heat conduction and thermal stress induced by an electric current in an infinite thin plate containing an elliptical hole with an edge crack

A uniform electric current at infinity was applied to a thin infinite conductor containing an elliptical hole with an edge crack. The electric current gives rise to two states, i.e., uniform and uneven Joule heat. These two states must be considered to analyze the heat conduction problem. The uneven Joule heat gives rise to uneven temperature and thus to heat flux, and to thermal stress.Using a rational mapping function, problems of the electric current, the Joule heat, the temperature, the heat flux, the thermal stress are analyzed, and each of their solutions is obtained as a closed form. The distributions of the electric current, the Joule heat, the temperature, the heat flux and the stress are shown in figures.The heat conduction problem is solved as a temperature boundary value problem. Solving the thermal stress problem, dislocation and rotation terms appear, which complicates this problem. The solutions of the Joule heat, the temperature, the heat flux and the thermal stress are nonlinear in the direction of the electric current. The crack problems are also analyzed, and the singular intensities at the crack tip of each problem are obtained. Mode II (sliding mode) stress intensity factor (SIF) is produced as well as Mode I (opening mode) SIF, for any direction of the electric current. The relations between the electric current density and the melting temperature and between the electric current density and SIF are investigated for some crack lengths in an aluminum plate.     

Determination of stress intensity factors for cracks of complex shape in anisotropic plates

The application of analytical methods to the problem of fatigue crack propagation and branching is complicated by the shortage of information on the stress distribution near the tip of cracks of complex configuration. A discussion of this problem and a survey of the studies in this area can be found in [1], for example. Below we develop a method of solving a problem concerning a system of cracks of complex form in an anisotropic half-plane. An efficient algorithm for numerical solution of the problem is proposed. A study is made of the effect of anisotropy of the material, the free edge of the plate, and the curvature of the crack on the stress intensity factors at the tips of the cracks.Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Mekhaniki i Tekhnicheskoi Fiziki, No. 6, pp. 124–128, November–December, 1986.