二层流体中波动问题的Hamilton正则方程

研究了两种常密度不可压缩理想流体组成的垂直分层的二流体系统的无旋等熵流动,考虑了上层流体与空气及两层流体间的表面张力。流动区域在水平方向无限伸展,上层流体有限深度,下层流体无限深。利用自由面及分界面相对于静止时平衡位置的偏移以及两层流体的速度势构造了Hamilton函数。为导出Hamilton正则方程引用了Euler描述下的流体运动的变分原理。自由面的位移是Hamilton意义下的正则变量,其对偶变量是上层流体在自由面上取值的速度势与密度的乘积。另一个正则变量是分界面的位移,其对偶变量是下层流体的密度与下层流体速度势在分界面上所取值的乘积减去上层流体密度与上层流体速度势在分界面上所取值的相应乘积。导出的Hamilton结构对分析分层流动中表面波与内波的相互作用是重要的。     

分层流体中运动源生成的内波研究进展

针对两类密度分布模型------连续分层流体和间断分层流体, 综述了在运动潜体生成的 Kelvin型和非Kelvin型内尾迹研究方面的现状, 内容侧重于运动源生成内波的解析理论和 分层拖曳水槽中内尾迹实验方面的研究成果. 介绍了在连续分层流体中运动源生成的Kelvin 型非线性内波的一般方程和在间断分层流体中Kelvin型内波的势流分析的一般方法; 概述 了运动源诱生的先锋内孤立子、代数孤立子和平孤立波3类特殊非线性内波的研究进展, 其 中运动潜体生成的平孤立内波被作者实验证实是一类极限孤立波, 并首次建立了共轭流动模 型予以描述; 综合分析了在密度线性分布流体中潜体运动生成内波的动力学过程多样性特 征, 其中包括内尾迹近场和远场的时空结构、不稳定结构、涡旋与湍流耦合结构以及湍流与 内波相互作用结构等.     

分层流体中内孤立波数值造波方法及其应用

海洋内波是发生在密度分层海水中的波动，对潜艇航行的稳定性和悬停性都有重要影响。本文采用有限体积自适应半结构多重网格法求解Navier-Stokes方程，并用VOF(Volume of Fluid)方法追踪两层流体界面，应用双推板造波法进行内孤立波数值造波，对两层流体中的内孤立波数值造波方法进行研究和探讨。数值模拟结果证...     

《力学季刊》2004年总目录

第一期具有小密度差的两层流体中运动点源的二阶内波解魏　岗,乐嘉春,戴世强(1)……………………………………………连续时间系统的混沌同步于洪洁,刘延柱(9)……………………………………………………………………………………功能梯度矩形板的三维弹性分析杨正光,仲　政,戴　瑛(15)…………………………………………………………………随机结构静力反应概率密度演化方程的差分方法陈建兵,李　杰(21)………………………………………………………弹性板振动的多模态主动控制常　军,陈　敏,刘正兴(29)……………………………………………………     

波浪扰动下河口幂律异重流的动力场分布特性

河口底层浮泥异重流的运动特性对于河口维持以及港口航道泥沙淤积过程具有重要的作用,是海岸学科研究的关键内容,也是热点内容之一.本文首先综述了河口泥沙异重流研究的重要意义,分析并总结了各家异重流理论模型的不同点和适应条件;其次,根据本文研究问题的实际需要,构建了波浪与底泥相互作用的双层流体理论分析模式,将上层流体简化为常见的牛顿体,而将下层流体的流变关系设置为幂律函数,研究了波浪作用下河口底部幂律异重流的流场特性.这些特性包括:波浪速度场、底泥运动的流速场、不同密度影响下的压力场以及异重流泥面波与表面波的波幅比等,分析了泥层密度、波动圆频率以及底泥幂律指数对流场及界面波的影响.研究发现,在波浪扰动下,两层流体交界处速度分量连续,压强出现突变.在下部泥层中,水平速度幅值曲线存在极大值.随着波动圆频率增加以及泥层密度与流动指数的减小,界面处上下压强差值呈现增大的趋势.本模型与实测波幅比的数据进行对比结果证实了模型的合理性.     

波浪扰动下河口幂律异重流的动力场分布特性

河口底层浮泥异重流的运动特性对于河口维持以及港口航道泥沙淤积过程具有重要的作用, 是海岸学科研究的关键内容, 也是热点内容之一. 本文首先综述了河口泥沙异重流研究的重要意义, 分析并总结了各家异重流理论模型的不同点和适应条件; 其次, 根据本文研究问题的实际需要, 构建了波浪与底泥相互作用的双层流体理论分析模式, 将上层流体简化为常见的牛顿体, 而将下层流体的流变关系设置为幂律函数, 研究了波浪作用下河口底部幂律异重流的流场特性. 这些特性包括:波浪速度场、底泥运动的流速场、不同密度影响下的压力场以及异重流泥面波与表面 波的波幅比等, 分析了泥层密度、波动圆频率以及底泥幂律指数对流场及界面波的影响. 研究发现, 在波浪扰动下, 两层流体交界处速度分量连续, 压强出现突变. 在下部泥层中, 水平速度幅值曲线存在极大值. 随着波动圆频率增加以及泥层密度与流动指数的减小, 界面处上下压强差值呈现增大的趋势. 本模型与实测波幅比的数据进行对比结果证实了模型的合理性.      

柱状交界面Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性的数值研究

采用基于有限体积法的二阶Godunov格式模拟了柱形密度交界面在同轴激波加速下的演化过程。得到了以下初步结果:在参数相同的情形下,内聚激波比中心爆炸波对界面的扰动更危险;内聚激波从轻质流体进入重质流体与从重质流体进入轻质流体相比,界面有更快的增长。周向波数大小对界面增长率有很大的影响,在计算的参数下,n=8～12有最大增长率,大于和小于这个范围的周向波长,增长率均明显减弱。     

非平整运动海底上n层流动中波浪传播的Hamilton逼近

在海洋水域，界面波对大尺度变化流的作用是一种典型的分层流动现象．考虑一不可压缩、无黏的分层势流运动，建立了一个在非平整运动海底上的n层流体演化系统，并对其进行了Hamilton描述．每层流体具有各自的常密度、均匀流水平速度，其厚度由未扰动和扰动部分构成．相对于顶层流体的自由表面，刚性、运动的海底具有一般地形变化特征．在明确指出n层流体运动的控制方程和各层交界面上的运动学、动力学边界条件(包含各层交界面上张力效应)后，对该分层流动力系统进行了Hamilton构造，即给出其正则方程和其下述的正则变量：各交界面位移和各交界面上的动量势密度差。     

界面不稳定性的自适应欧拉数值计算

采用欧拉网格自适应算法数值模拟Richtmyer Meshkov和Rayleigh Taylor不稳定多介质流界面,获得了高精度界面特征。对不同流体引入不同位标函数跟踪界面运动,将位标函数方程与流体动力学方程耦合求解,在笛卡儿坐标系中运用二阶精度有限体积算法,保持流场守恒条件下,通过采用多层网格级对笛卡儿网格嵌套细化,从而实现多介质流体界面的高精度自适应跟踪。给出的方法逻辑简单,可以大大节省CPU时间。     

水/气多介质问题的界面处理方法

针对不可压缩可压缩水/气多介质问题, 提出一种新的界面处理方法。在可压缩水/气界面处构造Riemann问题, 在水中设音速趋于无穷大, 求解Riemann问题得到不可压缩可压缩水/气界面处流体的准确流动状态; 然后以此状态结合GFM(ghost fluid method)方法分别为2种流体定义界面边界条件, 将两相流问题转化为单相流问题计算, 通过求解level set方程来跟踪界面的位置。对各种不同的界面边界条件定义方法进行了比较, 数值模拟结果表明算法能准确地捕捉各类间断的位置, 证明了算法的有效性和稳健性。     

Wave scattering by flexible porous vertical membrane barrier in a two-layer fluid

The scattering of water waves by a flexible porous membrane barrier in a two-layer fluid having a free surface is analysed in two dimensions. The membrane barrier is extended over the entire water depth in a two-layer fluid, each fluid being of finite depth. In the present analysis, linear wave theory and small amplitude membrane response are assumed. The porous membrane barrier is tensioned and pinned at both the free surface and the seabed. The associated mixed boundary value problem is reduced to a linear system of equations by utilizing a general orthogonality relation along with least-squares approximation method. Because of the flow discontinuity at the interface, the eigenfunctions involved have a discontinuity at the interface and the orthogonality relation used is a generalization of the classical one corresponding to a single-layer fluid. The reflection and transmission coefficients for the surface and internal modes, the free surface and interface elevations and the nondimensional membrane deflection are computed for various physical parameters like the nondimensional tension parameter, porous-effect parameter, fluid density ratio, ratio of water depths of the two fluids to analyse the efficiency of a porous membrane as a wave barrier in the two-layer fluid.     

两层流体中水波在垂直薄板上的反射与透射

研究在两层流体中表面波模态和内波模态的波浪与半潜式刚性垂直薄板 相互作用的问题. 基于特征函数展开理论，建立了两种模态入射波作用下，半潜式刚性垂直 薄板的反射与透射能量的计算方法，证明了对每一种模态的入射波，另一种模态波浪的反射 与透射能量是相等的. 对水面漂浮和座底半潜式薄板的反射与透射能量，以及作用在其上的 水平波浪力进行了数值计算分析，表明在某个频率范围内，流体的分层效应对这些水动力 量的影响是不可忽视的. 特别地，当薄板的一端位于两层流体的内界面上时，两种模态波浪 的能量转化是最大的.     

Phase velocity spectrum of internal waves in a weakly-stratified two-layer fluid

The problem of steady-state internal waves in a weakly stratified two-layer fluid with a density that is constant in the lower layer and depends exponentially on the depth in the upper layer is considered. The spectral properties of the equations of small perturbations of a homogeneous piecewise-constant flow are described. A nonlinear ordinary differential equation describing solitary waves and smooth bores on the layer interface is obtained using the Boussinesq expansion in a small parameter.     

Modeling of long nonlinear waves on the interface in a horizontal two-layer viscous channel flow

The dynamics of two-dimensional waves of small but finite amplitude are theoretically studied for the case of a two-layer system bounded by a horizontal top and bottom. It is shown that for relatively large steady-state flow velocities and at certain fluid depth ratios the vertical velocity profile is nonlinear. An evolutionary equation governing the fluid interface disturbances and allowing for the long-wave contributions of the layer inertia and surface tension, the weak nonlinearity of the waves, and the unsteady friction on all the boundaries of the system is derived. Steady-state solutions of the cnoidal and solitary wave type for the disturbed flow are determined without regard for dissipation losses. It is found that the magnitude and the direction of the flow can alter not only the lengths of the waves but also their polarity.__________Translated from Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Academii Nauk, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 1, 2005, pp. 143–158. Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Arkhipov and Khabakhpashev.     

Wave motion in a gravity field on the free surface and stratification interface of a fluid with stratified inhomogeneity. Nonlinear analysis

Regularities of the nonlinear gravitational wave motion in a two-layer density-stratified fluid are investigated for a finite thickness of the upper, lighter, layer. The characteristics of the nonlinear internal resonant interaction of the gravity waves generated by the free surface of the upper layer and the medium interface are considered. It is shown that in second-order calculations both degenerate (two-wave) and secondary combined (three-wave) resonant interactions may be realized.     

Instability of the interface in two-layer flows with large viscosity contrast at small Reynolds numbers

The Kelvin–Helmholtz instability is believed to be the dominant instability mechanism for free shear flows at large Reynolds numbers. At small Reynolds numbers, a new instability mode is identified when the temporal instability of parallel viscous two fluid mixing layers is extended to current-fluid mud systems by considering a composite error function velocity profile. The new mode is caused by the large viscosity difference between the two fluids. This interfacial mode exists when the fluid mud boundary layer is sufficiently thin. Its performance is different from that of the Kelvin–Helmholtz mode. This mode has not yet been reported for interface instability problems with large viscosity contrasts.These results are essential for further stability analysis of flows relevant to the breaking up of this type of interface.     

An interfacial Gerstner-type trapped wave

Coastally trapped rotational interfacial waves are studied theoretically by using a Lagrangian formulation of fluid motion in a rotating ocean. The waves propagate along the interface between two immiscible inviscid incompressible fluid layers of finite depths and different densities, and are trapped at a straight wall due to the Coriolis force. For layers of finite depth, solutions are sought as series expansions after a small parameter. Comparison is made with the irrotational interfacial Kelvin wave. Both types of waves are identical to first order, having zero vorticity. The second order solution yields a relation between the vorticity and the velocity shear in the wave motion. Requiring that the mean motion in both layers is irrotational, then follows the well-known Stokes drift for interfacial Kelvin waves. On the other hand, if the mean forward drift is identically zero, we obtain the second order vorticity in the Gerstner-type wave. The solutions in both layers for the Gerstner-type interfacial wave are given analytically to second order. It is shown that small density differences and thin upper layers both act to yield a shape of the material interfacial with broader crests and sharper troughs. These effects also tend to make the particle trajectories at the interface in both layers become distorted ellipses which are flatter on the upper side. It is concluded that the effect of air excludes the possibility of observing the exact Gerstner wave in deep water.     

Free Convection Boundary Layer Flow Past a Vertical Surface in a Porous Medium with Temperature-Dependent Properties

Numerical solutions for the free convection heat transfer in a viscous fluid at a permeable surface embedded in a saturated porous medium, in the presence of viscous dissipation with temperature-dependent variable fluid properties, are obtained. The governing equations for the problem are derived using the Darcy model and the Boussinesq approximation (with nonlinear density temperature variation in the buoyancy force term). The coupled non-linearities arising from the temperature-dependent density, viscosity, thermal conductivity, and viscous dissipation are included. The partial differential equations of the model are reduced to ordinary differential equations by a similarity transformation and the resulting coupled, nonlinear ordinary differential equations are solved numerically by a second order finite difference scheme for several sets of values of the parameters. Also, asymptotic results are obtained for large values of | f _w|. Moreover, the numerical results for the velocity, the temperature, and the wall-temperature gradient are presented through graphs and tables, and are discussed. It is observed that by increasing the fluid variable viscosity parameter, one could reduce the velocity and thermal boundary layer thickness. However, quite the opposite is true with the non-linear density temperature variation parameter.     

Standing waves of finite amplitude on surface of ideal liquid of finite depth

The nonlinear problem of plane gravitational standing waves of finite amplitude on the surface of an ideal incompressible liquid of infinite depth has been solved analytically [1], It was also solved in [2] using a new method, in which the dimensionless velocity potential, the profile of the free surface, and the frequency were expressed as power series in the parameter , equal to the ratio between the the amplitude and the wavelength. The results of these two papers agree. Below, the method of [2] is used to study plane standing surface waves of finite amplitude on the surface of a liquid of finite depth. The frequency, the profile of the free surface, and the velocity potential are expressed as power series in the small parameter . The solution is obtained in the third approximation. An expression for the amplitude dependence of the frequency is obtained.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 2, pp. 38–43, March–April, 1978.