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1.
钢筋锈胀引发混凝土保护层开裂破坏的细观数值研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
钢筋锈蚀膨胀引起保护层混凝土开裂是影响钢筋混凝土结构耐久性和服役寿命的重要因素。考虑到混凝土细观结构组成对保护层破坏模式的影响,从细观角度出发,将混凝土看作由骨料、砂浆基质及两者间界面过渡区组成的三相复合材料,建立了描述钢筋锈胀力学行为的混凝土随机骨料模型。采用塑性损伤本构关系模型来表征砂浆基质和过渡区界面的力学行为,假定钢筋均匀锈蚀,对钢筋锈胀引起的混凝土保护层开裂破坏过程进行了细观数值研究。对比了宏观均匀模型与细观非均质模型下获得的保护层破坏模式,探讨了径厚比(c/d)、钢筋位置(中部和角区)及混凝土拉伸强度对保护层破坏模式及保护层胀裂时钢筋锈蚀水平的影响,得到了一些有益结论。  相似文献   

2.
This paper considers the explicit solutions of free-edge stresses near circumferential cracks in surface coatings of circular torsion bars and their application in determining the progressive cracking density in the coating layers. The problem was formulated within the framework of linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM). The free-edge stresses near crack tip and the shear stresses in the cross-section of the torsion bar were approached in explicit forms based on the variational principle of complementary strain energy. Criterion for progressive cracking in the coating layer was established in sense of strain energy conservation, and the crack density is thereby estimated. Effects of external torque, aspect ratio, and elastic properties on the density of progressive cracking were examined numerically. The present study shows that, in the sense of inducing a given crack density, compliant coating layer with lower modulus has much higher critical torque than that of a stiffer one with the same geometries and substrate material, i.e., compliant coating layer has greater cracking tolerance. Meanwhile, the study also indicates that thicker surface coating layer is more pliant to cracking than the thinner ones. The present model can be used for analyzing the damage mechanism and cracking tolerance of surface coatings of torsion shafts and for data reduction of torsional fracture test of brittle surface coatings, etc.  相似文献   

3.
The eddy-current inspection is applied to Vitkovice to non-destructive testing of the steam generator tubes. The steam generator tube specimens, 16 mm by 1.5 mm, are made of AISI 321 steel with stress corrosion cracks. They were tested by the single-frequency eddy current inspection method. Samples with known flaws were metallographically sectioned to determine the actual extent of corrosion degradation. The relation between measurement of the tube wall corrosion damage and actual extent of corrosion attack or stress corrosion cracking (SCC) was determined.Pressurized specimens with machined notches of various geometries were tested up to failure. The effect of flaw depth and length on the burst pressure were evaluated.  相似文献   

4.
点蚀是航空铝合金材料在服役环境下常见的损伤形式,点蚀损伤会导致材料性能的下降, 严重地威胁着结构的承载能力。作为承力构件,航空铝合金不仅承受环境腐蚀的作用,还承受应力作用。论文根据点蚀基本原理,引入细观损伤变量孔隙率,考虑力学化学效应,建立了点蚀损伤弹性模量计算模型。使用2219铝合金,进行加速腐蚀试验和单向拉伸试验,利用显微扫描技术研究了点蚀坑深度随时间和载荷的变化,并对腐蚀后试验件的损伤宏观形貌进行观察分析。根据拉伸实验结果,对模型的正确性进行验证。模型计算与实验结果的对比证明了本文方法的可行性与正确性。  相似文献   

5.
结构健康监测技术及其在航空航天领域中的应用   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
卿新林  王奕首  赵琳 《实验力学》2012,27(5):517-526
对飞行器结构中的裂纹、腐蚀、脱层、材料性能退化及其它损伤进行及时且准确的检测是确保服役飞行器安全可靠运行的必要手段。结构健康监测是确定结构完整性的革命性创新技术,它在飞行器的结构设计、飞行及维护过程中都可发挥重要作用,它的使用可以提高飞行安全性、降低维护成本。本文简要介绍结构健康监测的系统组成、基本原理及关键技术,并通过实例阐述了基于智能层的结构健康监测技术在飞行器上的应用情况。  相似文献   

6.
7.
This paper focuses on an experimental investigation of different types of insulated hollow-brick cavity walls, i.e., walls with a door opening, with a window opening and without any opening, characterized with different tie bar arrangements, subjected to slowly applied cyclic loads. The cracking and damage patterns, strength and stiffness degradation and deterioration, energy dissipation capacity and hysteretic feature are analyzed. Based on the experimental results, the formulae of calculation for the cracking load and the ultimate load of cavity wall are mathematically established. The evaluation equation of strength and stiffness degradation of walls is presented and its parameters are numerically given from regression results. The original characteristic curves of recovery force-displacement of actual specimens under cyclic loads are discussed, and then a standard recovery force-displacement model is suggested with convenient forms for implementation.  相似文献   

8.
Weathering of rock,corrosion of stone and rusting of iron   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
J. E. Harris 《Meccanica》1992,27(3):233-250
The central purpose of this paper is to present a survey of the extrinsic and intrinsic factors which influence the durability of masonry. In approaching this subject other themes are developed; in particular a study is made of the damage due to the volume changes which accompany all biological, physical and chemical changes. Light can be thrown on the corrosion of stone from a knowledge of the weathering of rocks throughout geological time, and this aspect is explored in the opening section of the paper. The final part of the paper consists of a study of the stresses and cracking of stone which can result from the expansive rusting of iron or steel reinforcements. Although mechanical damage dominates the discussion, some comments are made on the staining and dissolution of stone and examples are illustrated.
Sommario Scopo del presente articolo e'presentare una rassegna dei fattori intrinseci ed estrinseci che influenzano la durabilita' della muratura. All'interno di tale rassegna si sviluppano altri temi, ed in particolare uno studio sui danni provocati dai cambiamenti di volume che accompagnano le modificatzioni biologiche, fisiche, chimiche. Nella prima parte dell'articolo ci si sofferma sulle modificazioni degli ammassi rocciosi durante le ere geologiche, e sul nesso tra i dati desunti da tale analisi e il problema della corroasione della pietra. La parte finale dell'articolo e'invece dedicata ad uno studio degli stati tensionali e fessurativi risultanti dall'espansione legata alla corrosione di elementi metallici di rinforzo posti all'interno della muratura. Benche' il danno strutturale sia l'argomento centrale della discussione, vengono anche presi in considerazione i problemi conness alla dissoluzione e alla comparsa di macchie, e si illustrano alcuni.
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9.
本文通过长期浸泡的方法,以陕西铜川新区龙潭水库典型的库岸边坡的砂岩为研究对象,研究了浸泡在不同化学溶液下砂岩的力学特性及其损伤劣化机制,分析了经不同化学溶液腐蚀后试样的物理力学特性随化学腐蚀时间的劣化规律。研究发现:化学腐蚀后砂岩的物理力学特性均发生不同程度的劣化,其随化学腐蚀时间的劣化规律基本一致;但不同化学溶液下试样物理力学特性的劣化程度有所差异,酸性溶液(pH=3.0)加剧了砂岩的劣化程度,中性化学溶液对其损伤劣化程度也有一定的影响,试验初期,强碱性溶液下砂岩的劣化程度最小,但随着化学腐蚀时间的加长,强碱性溶液下的劣化程度逐渐加剧,大于中性溶液下的,但仍小于酸性溶液。化学腐蚀后砂岩试样均呈现出明显的弱化趋势,其断裂韧度KIC、抗压强度和抗拉强度的劣化程度显著,但各力学特征的劣化程度存在明显的差异,其中抗压强度的劣化程度相对减小,而其KIC的劣化程度较大;同时,化学腐蚀后砂岩的断裂韧度与抗拉强度、抗压强度间的一致性比较明显,存在明显线性关系。可以利用不同化学溶液下砂岩的裂纹扩展半径r来间接说明其力学特征发生损伤劣化的程度。  相似文献   

10.
Hydrogen induced crack-tip plastic deformation has been known as the primary mechanism of hydrogen assisted cracking and stress corrosion cracking. It has been systematically shown that the same mechanism of environmentally assisted crack-tip dislocation emission causes hydrogen assisted cracking, stress corrosion cracking, and liquid metal embrittlement cracking.An embrittling chemical species has to reach a crack tip in order to accelerate crack growth. Very close to a sharp crack tip, surface diffusion is shown to be the dominant transport process of embrittling species for stage-II crack growth. The role of surface diffusion in stage II crack growth is analyzed. The constant cracking velocity is proportional to the surface diffusion coefficient of an embrittling species and inversely proportional to a length parameter, , which is related to the transport process upstream.Dislocation emission at a crack tip is driven by crack-tip resolved shear stress. Crack-tip resolved shear stress field is characterized by resolved shear stress intensity factor, KRSS·KRSS is defined, the procedure for its calculation outlined, and its applications to crack-tip dislocation emission and environmentally assisted cracking discussed.  相似文献   

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