HYBRID FEM WITH FUNDAMENTAL SOLUTIONS AS TRIAL FUNCTIONS FOR HEAT CONDUCTION SIMULATION

A new type of hybrid finite element formulation with fundamental solutions as internal interpolation functions, named as HFS-FEM, is presented in this paper and used for solving two dimensional heat conduction problems in single and multi-layer materials. In the proposed approach, a new variational functional is firstly constructed for the proposed HFS-FE model and the related existence of extremum is presented. Then, the assumed internal potential field constructed by the linear combination of fundamental solutions at points outside the elemental domain under consideration is used as the internal interpolation function, which analytically satisfies the governing equation within each element. As a result, the domain integrals in the variational functional formulation can be converted into the boundary integrals which can significantly simplify the calculation of the element stiffness matrix. The independent frame field is also introduced to guarantee the inter-element continuity and the stationary condition of the new variational functional is used to obtain the final stiffness equations. The proposed method inherits the advantages of the hybrid Trefftz finite element method （HT-FEM） over the conventional finite element method （FEM） and boundary element method （BEM）, and avoids the difficulty in selecting appropriate terms of T-complete functions used in HT-FEM, as the fundamental solutions contain usually one term only, rather than a series containing infinitely many terms. Further, the fundamental solutions of a problem are, in general, easier to derive than the T-complete functions of that problem. Finally, several examples are presented to assess the performance of the proposed method, and the obtained numerical results show good numerical accuracy and remarkable insensitivity to mesh distortion.     

STATIONARY POINTS ITERATION METHOD FOR PERIODIC SOLUTION TO NONLINEAR SYSTEM

The value method which is used to obtain the periodic solution to nonlinear system ismentioned in this article.Different point reflection is defined in the nonlinear autonomousand nonautonomous system firstly and then that linear reflection obtained from theinserting value of nonlinear reflection is asymptotic to original nonlinear reflection.Thestationary points obtained by linear reflection are regarded as the asymptotic solution ofthe stationary points of original system.If this asymptotic solution of the stationary pointsis not satisfactorily accurate it can be used as the initial point of the next reflection.Inaddition,a corresponding method of researching the stability of periodic solution is putforward in this article.     

An efficient technique for recovering responses of parameterized structural dynamic problems

In this article,an effective technique is developed to efficiently obtain the output responses of parameterized structural dynamic problems.This technique is based on the conception of reduced basis method and the usage of linear interpolation principle.The original problem is projected onto the reduced basis space by linear interpolation projection,and subsequently an associated interpolation matrix is generated.To ensure the largest nonsingularity,the interpolation matrix needs to go through a timenode choosing process,which is developed by applying the angle of vector spaces.As a part of this technique,error estimation is recommended for achieving the computational error bound.To ensure the successful performance of this technique,the offline-online computational procedures are conducted in practical engineering.Two numerical examples demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the presented method.     

SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE FOR STRUCTURAL RELIABILITY ANALYSIS

Support vector machine (SVM) was introduced to analyze the reliability of the implicit performance function, which is difficult to implement by the classical methods such as the first order reliability method (FORM) and the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS). As a classification method where the underlying structural risk minimization inference rule is employed, SVM possesses excellent learning capacity with a small amount of information and good capability of generalization over the complete data. Hence, two approaches, i.e., SVM-based FORM and SVM-based MCS, were presented for the structural reliability analysis of the implicit limit state function. Compared to the conventional response surface method (RSM) and the artificial neural network (ANN), which are widely used to replace the implicit state function for alleviating the computation cost, the more important advantages of SVM are that it can approximate the implicit function with higher precision and better generalization under the small amount of information and avoid the "curse of dimensionality". The SVM-based reliability approaches can approximate the actual performance function over the complete sampling data with the decreased number of the implicit performance function analysis (usually finite element analysis), and the computational precision can satisfy the engineering requirement, which are demonstrated by illustrations.     

LARGE RANGE ANALYSIS FOR NONLINEAR DYNAMIC SYSTEMS——ELEMENT MAPPING METHOD

This paper presents a new method for global analysis of nonlinear system. By means of transforming the nonlinear dynamic problems into point mapping forms which are single-valued and continuous, the state space can be regularly divided into a certain number of finitely small triangle elements on which the non-linear mapping can be approximately substituted by the linear mapping given by definition. Hence, the large range distributed problem of the mapping fixed points will be simplified as a process for solving a set of linear equations. Still further, the exact position of the fixed points can be found by the iterative technique. It is convenient to judge the stability of fixed points and the shrinkage zone in the state space by using the deformation matrix of linear mapping. In this paper, the attractive kernel for the stationary fixed points is defined, which makes great advantage for describing the attractive domains of the fixed points. The new method is more convenient and effective than the cell     

CONTINUUM TOPOLOGY OPTIMIZATION FOR MONOLITHIC COMPLIANT MECHANISMS OF MICRO-ACTUATORS

A multi-objective scheme for structural topology optimization of distributed compliant mechanisms of micro-actuators in MEMS condition is presented in this work, in which mechanical flexibility and structural stiffness are both considered as objective functions. The compliant micro-mechanism developed in this way can not only provide sufficient output work but also have sufficient rigidity to resist reaction forces and maintain its shape when holding the work-piece. A density filtering approach is also proposed to eliminate numerical instabilities such as checkerboards, mesh-dependency and one-node connected hinges occurring in resulting mechanisms. SIMP is used as the interpolation scheme to indicate the dependence of material modulus on element-regularized densities. The sequential convex programming method, such as the method of moving asymptotes (MMA), is used to solve the optimization problem. The validation of the presented methodologies is demonstrated by a typical numerical example.     

A local pseudo arc-length method for hyperbolic conservation laws

A local pseudo arc-length method（LPALM）for solving hyperbolic conservation laws is presented in this paper.The key idea of this method comes from the original arc-length method,through which the critical points are bypassed by transforming the computational space.The method is based on local changes of physical variables to choose the discontinuous stencil and introduce the pseudo arc-length parameter,and then transform the governing equations from physical space to arc-length space.In order to solve these equations in arc-length coordinate,it is necessary to combine the velocity of mesh points in the moving mesh method,and then convert the physical variable in arclength space back to physical space.Numerical examples have proved the effectiveness and generality of the new approach for linear equation,nonlinear equation and system of equations with discontinuous initial values.Non-oscillation solution can be obtained by adjusting the parameter and the mesh refinement number for problems containing both shock and rarefaction waves.     

Reliability assessment on interfacial failure of thermal barrier coatings

Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) usually exhibit an uncertain lifetime owing to their scattering mechanical properties and severe service conditions. To consider these uncertainties, a reliability assessment method is proposed based on failure probability analysis. First, a limit state equa-tion is established to demarcate the boundary between failure and safe regions, and then the failure probability is calculated by the integration of a probability density function in the failure area according to the first-or second-order moment. It is shown that the parameters related to interfacial failure follow a Weibull distribution in two types of TBC. The inter-facial failure of TBCs is significantly affected by the thermal mismatch of material properties and the temperature drop in service.     

VIBRATION AND ACOUSTIC RADIATION FROM SUBMERGED STIFFENED SPHERICAL SHELL WITH DECK-TYPE INTERNAL PLATE

Based on the motion differential equations of vibration and acoustic coupling system for thin elastic spherical shell with an elastic plate attached to its internal surface, in which Dirac-δ functions are employed to introduce the moments and forces applied by the attachment on the surface of shell, by means of expanding field quantities as Legendre series, a semi-analytic solution is derived for the vibration and acoustic radiation from a submerged stiffened spherical shell with a deck-type internal plate, which has a satisfactory computational effectiveness and precision for an arbitrary frequency range. It is easy to analyze the effect of the internal plate on the acoustic radiation field by using the formulas obtained by the method proposed. It is concluded that the internal plate can significantly change the mechanical and acoustic characteristics of shell, and give the coupling system a very rich resonance frequency spectrum. Moreover, the method can be used to study the acoustic radiation mechanism in similar structures as the one studied here.     

RELIABILITY ANALYSIS FOR IMPLICIT LIMIT STATE EQUATION

IntroductionMany available methods for calculating the failure probability have been presented for theexplicit limit state equation.But in most engineering problems,only numerical relationbetween the input variables and the output variables is known.It me…     

一种在响应面法中选取样本点的新方法

响应面法中的样本点选取对拟合极限状态曲面的收敛速度及精度至关重要,文中提出了一种区别于通常以插值点为中心展开生成样本点组的新方法:在求解过程中,用插值点逐步替代初始样本点组中距离验算点较远的点,其目的是使所选取的样本点较集中于验算点附近,重新构成下一轮迭代所需的一组样本点,直至满足收敛条件。算例表明,采用新方法可使结构的分析次数显著减少,同时也改善了对于非线性程度很高的极限功能函数求解的收敛性。该方法用于大型复杂结构的可靠度分析中可进一步提高计算效率。     

非正态变量可靠性分析的鞍点线抽样方法

结合鞍点概率分布估计和传统线抽样方法的优点,提出了非正态变量可靠性分析的鞍点线抽样方法.传统的线抽样方法对非正态变量可靠性问题进行分析时需将非正态变量等价转换为标准正态变量,这种非线性转换将增加响应功能函数的非线性程度,进而加大了转换后响应函数失效概率估计的难度.所提鞍点线抽样方法则无需将非正态变量转化为标准正态变量,它利用鞍点概率分布估计方法可以直接估计非正态变量空间中线性响应函数概率分布的特点,并利用线抽样方法可以将非线性功能函数的失效概率转化为一系列线性功能函数失效概率平均值进行估计的优点,实现了非正态变量空间非线性功能函数失效概率的高精度估计.鞍点线抽样方法使用前需将变量进行标准化变换,这种变换是线性的,通过对变量的标准化变换可以消除变量的量纲,从而使得标准化变量空间概率分布更具规律性.理论推导可以证明:鞍点线抽样方法在基本变量服从正态分布时将退化为传统的线抽样方法.算例验证结果表明:针对非线性功能函数的可靠性问题,鞍点线抽样方法比传统的直接鞍点估计具有更高的精度,比直接Monte Carlo模拟有更高的效率.     

弹性连杆机构广义刚度可靠性分析的数值模拟法

首先对响应面法进行了改进并应用于弹性连杆机构刚度可靠性分析，以迭代的格式和选择最优插值点的响应面法确定弹性连杆机构刚度可靠性分析的极限状态函数，编制了相应的有限元程序。然后在考虑安全、失效状态模糊性的基础上建立了弹性连杆机构的广义可靠性分析模型；提出了以重要抽样法与描述性抽样法相结合来求解弹性连杆机构广义失效概率的方法，此方法可以大量减少抽样时间，并且可以大大提高抽样效率，从而加快结果的收敛速度。     

多个模式联合失效的设计点及概率的计算

提出了多个模式联合失效设计点的概念，并以此设计点作为计算联合失效概率的重要抽样函数的密度中心，算例表明本文方法可大大提高求多阶失效概率重要抽样法的投点效率和收敛速度，从而提高系统失效概率的计算精度。     

结构可靠性分析的支持向量机响应面法

针对隐式极限状态可靠性分析问题,提出了一种支持向量机响应面法,该方法采用了与经典响应面法类似的迭代思想,由支持向量回归机替代经典响应面法中的固定多项式函数来构建响应面,并结合一次二阶矩法形成迭代过程.在此基础上,还对训练样本提出了一种改进的选取方法,从而进一步提高方法的效率.文中将所提方法与多种经典可靠性分析方法的计算结果对比分析,改进的支持向量机响应面法精度较高,调用结构分析程序的次数最少.     

基于样本点选择策略的一种改进响应面法

为提高响应面函数在验算点附近的拟合精度,提出了一种基于样本点选择策略的改进响应面法,选取不考虑随机变量耦合项的多项式进行拟合,通过对第二次迭代产生的设计点构造参考点,令样本点或参考点进行线性插值,从而得到下一次迭代所需样本点。该方法不仅能有效利用已有的抽样信息从而减少评估结构系统可靠性所需的计算工作量,还可以使得拟合得到的响应面更好地呈现验算点附近极限状态面的非线性趋势,从而提高失效概率的评估精度。算例表明:该方法在进行隐式或显示极限状态函数下的可靠度计算中,相对传统响应面法均提高了一定的效率和精度,具有一定的工程实际意义。     

弹性薄板的广义多维微分求积分析方法

多维微分求积DC(differential cubature)法是近年迅速发展起来的一种处理多维微分方程的高精度数值方法。本文围绕多元函数插值适定性这一基本问题，探讨了实现DC法时插值结点组和插值空间应满足的条件，研究了离散结点组选择及其构造适定试函数的方法。提出了一种沿各坐标方向可以布置不同数量结点的广义交错网格DC方法，并给出了确定相应的插值空间及其选择试函数的具体方案。通过弹性薄板变形分析研究了广义交错网格DC法解决实际结构力学问题的可靠性及其潜力。研究结果表明，广义交错网格DC法较传统的交错网格DC格式具有更强的适用性和灵活性，采用数量少得多的离散结点即可达到传统交错网格DC法相同的数值精度，表现出精度高和计算工作量小的优点。     

General failure probability simulation and application for multi-mode

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正态变量相关情况下可靠性灵敏度分析的新方法

基于独立正态变量情况下可靠性灵敏度分析的线抽样法,提出了一种求解正态相关变量情况下可靠性灵敏度的新方法。在所提方法中,首先将正态相关变量等效变换为正态独立变量,然后利用线抽样方法独立完成等效独立变量情况下失效概率对独立变量的所有分布参数的灵敏度分析,最后依据等效变换前后变量分布参数之间的解析关系和复合函数求导公式,求得...