首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
The aim of this paper is to apply the asymptotic homogenization method to deter- mining analytically and numerically the transversely isotropic viscoelastic relaxation moduli of the equivalent particle for the intercalated multi-layer stack of intercalated type nanoplastics.A two-phase multilayered material containing n layers is considered.The matrix is assumed to be an isotropic viscoelastic standard linear body and the reinforcement is assumed to be an isotropic elastic body.Final explicit analytical formulae for the effective elastic moduli of the multilay- ered material are derived first;and then the correspondence principle is employed to obtain the homogenized relaxation moduli of the equivalent intercalated particle.A numerical example is given.Final explicit analytical formulae in the time domain derived here make it convenient to estimate the influence of all the particle parameters of micro-structural details on the effective properties of the equivalent intercalated particle.The results of this paper can also be applied to multi-layer composites.  相似文献   

2.
In this paper, a modified shear-lag model is developed to calculate the surface crack density in thermal barrier coatings(TBCs). The mechanical properties of TBCs are also measured to quantitatively assess their surface crack density. Acoustic emission(AE) and digital image correlation methods are applied to monitor the surface cracking in TBCs under tensile loading. The results show that the calculated surface crack density from the modified model is in agreement with that obtained from experiments. The surface cracking process of TBCs can be discriminated by their AE characteristics and strain evolution. Based on the correlation of energy released from cracking and its corresponding AE signals, a linear relationship is built up between the surface crack density and AE parameters, with the slope being dependent on the mechanical properties of TBCs.  相似文献   

3.
This paper presents an effective methodology for characterizing the mechanical parameters of composites using digital image correlation combined with the virtual fields method.By using a three-point bending test configuration,this method can identify all mechanical parameters of the material with merely a single test.Successful results verified that this method is especially effective for characterizing composite materials.In this study,the method is applied to measure the orthotropic elastic parameters of fiber-reinforced polymer-matrix composites before and after the hygrothermal aging process.The results indicate that the hygrothermal aging environment significantly influences the mechanical property of a composite.The components of the parameters in the direction of the fiber bundle decreased significantly.From the accuracy analysis,we found that the actual measurement accuracy is sensitive to a shift of the horizontal edges and rotation of the vertical edges.  相似文献   

4.
The discrete element method(DEM), developed by Cundall and Strack(1979) to solve geomechanical problems, is used to simulate the mechanical behavior of granules. According to the DEM, an individual granule can be modeled as a realistic mechanical system consisting of primary particles bonded by interaction forces.Granulometric properties of the model material, zeolite 4A, have been measured to determine their macro properties. To investigate the compression behavior, a compression test was performed using a strength tester on single granules between two pistons. A modeled granule consisting of more than 22,000 primary particles was generated. The micro properties of the modeled granule have been precisely set to allow its macro properties to be equivalent to the macro properties of zeolite 4A granules. To calibrate the mechanical properties, diametrical compression was simulated using two rigid walls stressed at a constant stressing velocity. The force–displacement curve of the modeled granule at compression has been calibrated by the experimental curve of zeolite 4A.  相似文献   

5.
The propagation of shock waves in a cellular bar is systematically studied in the framework of continuum solids by adopting two idealized material models, viz. the dynamic rigid, perfectly plastic, locking (D-R-PP-L) model and the dynamic rigid, linear hardening plastic, locking (D-R-LHP-L) model, both considering the effects of strain-rate on the material properties. The shock wave speed relevant to these two models is derived. Consider the case of a bar made of one of such material with initial length L 0 and initial velocity v i impinging onto a rigid target. The variations of the stress, strain, particle velocity, specific internal energy across the shock wave and the cease distance of shock wave are all determined analytically. In particular the "energy conservation condition" and the "kinematic existence condition" as proposed by Tan et al. (2005) is re-examined, showing that the "energy conservation condition" and the consequent "critical velocity", i.e. the shock can only be generated and sustained in R-PP-L bars when the impact velocity is above this critical velocity, is incorrect. Instead, with elastic deformation, strain-hardening and strain-rate sensitivity of the cellular materials being considered, it is appropriate to redefine a first and a second critical impact velocity for the existence and propagation of shock waves in cellular solids. Starting from the basic relations for shock wave propagating in D-R-LHP-L cellular materials, a new method for inversely determining the dynamic stress-strain curve for cellular materials is proposed. By using e.g. a combination of Taylor bar and Hopkinson pressure bar impact experimental technique, the dynamic stress-strain curve of aluminum foam could bedetermined. Finally, it is demonstrated that this new formulation of shock theory in this one-dimensional stress state can be generalized to shocks in a one-dimensional strain state, i.e. for the case of plate impact on cellular materials, by simply making proper replacements of the elastic and plastic constants.  相似文献   

6.
In this paper, a finite crack with constant length (Yoffe type crack) propagating in a functionally graded coating with spatially varying elastic properties bonded to a homogeneous substrate of finite thickness under anti-plane loading was studied. A multi-layered model is employed to model arbitrary variations of material properties based on two linearly-distributed material compliance parameters. The mixed boundary problem is reduced to a system of singular integral equations that are solved numerically. Some numerical examples are given to demonstrate the accuracy, efficiency and versatility of the model. The numerical results show that the graded parameters, the thicknesses of the interfacial layer and the two homogeneous layers, the crack size and speed have significant effects on the dynamic fracture behavior.  相似文献   

7.
The overall mechanical and electrical behaviors of elastic dielectric composites are investigated with the aid of the concept of material multipoles. In particular, by introducing a statistical continuum material multipole theory, the effects of the electric-elastic interaction and the microstructure (size, shape, orientation,...) of inhomogeneous particles on the overall behaviors of the composites can be obtained. A basic solution for an ellipsoidal elastic inhomogeneity with electric polarization in an infinite elastic dielectric medium is first given, which shows that classical Eshelby ’s elastic solution is modified by the presence of electric-elastic interaction. The overall macroscopic constitutive relations and their overall macroscopic material parameters accounting for electroelastic interaction effect are then derived for the elastic dielectric composites. Some quantitative calculations on the problems with statistical anisotropy, the shape effect and the electric-elastic interaction are finally given for dilute composites.  相似文献   

8.
In this paper, a nonlinear theory of nonlocal asymmetric, elastic solids is developed on the basis of basic theories of nonlocal continuum fieM theory and nonlinear continuum mechanics. It perfects and expands the nonlocal elastic fiteld theory developed by Eringen and others. The linear theory of nonlocal asymmetric elasticity developed in [1] expands to the finite deformation, We show that there is the nonlocal body moment in the nonlocal elastic solids. The noniocal body moment causes the stress asymmetric and itself is caused by the covalent bond formed by the reaction between atoms. The theory developed in this paper is applied to explain reasonably that curves of dispersion relation of one-dimensional plane longitudinal waves are not similar with those of transverse waves.  相似文献   

9.
In this paper a new theory of effective mechanical properties of foam materials is proposed. A cell volume distribution coefficient is introduced to modify the original Gibson-Ashby equations of effective mechanical properties of foam materials. The constants that influence the effective modulus are replaced by the coeff~cient. Based on the modified distribution coefficient, the yield stress is also recalculated. Using X-ray microtomography, the internal structures of dif- ferent samples of polypropylene-nanoclay foam are obtained. The cell volume distributions of these samples are derived from the experiment by image analysis and the fitting curves are plot- ted. The distribution coefficient is acquired using the parameters from the theoretical model of the distribution curves. The results of the improved theory are compared with the experimental values and show good fitting quality. It was found that the precision of the improved theory is high and the cell volume distribution has an impact on the effective mechanical properties that would lead to the optimization of the synthesis procedure.  相似文献   

10.
Based on the micromechanical method and thermodynamic theory,a constitutive model for the macroscopic mechanical behavior of porous NiTi shape memory alloy is presented.The hydrostatic stress is considered for porous NiTi according to the transformation function of dense NiTi.The present model takes account of the tensile-compressive asymmetry of NiTi,and can degenerate to model dense material.Numerical calculations,which only need material parameters of dense NiTi,are conducted to investigate the nonlinear and hysteretic strain of porous NiTi,and the predicted results are in good agreement with the corresponding experiments.  相似文献   

11.
基于虚内键理论的材料多尺度力学模型   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
宏观上线弹性材料的力学属性只需杨氏模量和泊松比两个相互独立的参量来控制;相应地,微观上也需要两个相互独立的参量来控制.基于这个思想,在原VIB模型中引入了切向键,并提出了VMIB模型.该模型在材料的宏观力学属性与微观虚拟键力学属性之间建立起了一座桥梁.考虑到模型中能量密度函数含有坐标轴方向向量一项,该文对能量密度函数的张量性进行了严格的数学证明,并将VMIB模型初步应用到脆性材料的单轴受压破坏.  相似文献   

12.
The virtual internal bond (VIB) is a micro–macro constitutive model. Although this model is based on a postulated discrete microstructure, it ultimately returns to a continuum constitutive relation through a homogenization process. The homogenization process can reduce the internal degrees of freedom, but it omits the effect of the individual micro bond that may play an important role in the fracture process. The present research develops a discrete system to represent the nonlinear elasticity by discretizing the continuous VIB. This discrete system is composed of unit cells, which can adopt any geometry with any number of bonds. The system is characterized by the force–displacement, not the stress–strain constitutive relationship. The nonlinear properties of this discrete system are governed by the micro-bond potential. The micro bond properties are related to Young’s modulus of the material, the volume and the bond number of the unit cell. For a given material, the unit cell has a certain topological structure and configuration. A discussion of two specific cases (the 2D triangular and 3D tetrahedral unit cells) suggests that the discrete system converges with decreasing unit cell size. In the unstructured unit cell scheme, the discrete system can almost precisely represent the initial Young’s modulus and the Poisson ratio of a nonlinear continuum. A mixed fracture example demonstrates that the present method can efficiently simulate the fracture propagation. The present paper provides a theory for developing a lattice-type mechanical model for nonlinear elasticity and provides new method for the fracture simulation of a nonlinear elastic material.  相似文献   

13.
Dentin has a hierarchical structure and is composed of numerous tubules whose diameters and densities vary with the distances to the dentin-enamel junction. The unique structure determines the mechanical performance of dentin. In this study, a multiscale model, which is based on the combination of the virtual multidimensional internal bond (VMIB) theory and the Monte Carlo method, is used to simulate the fracture behavior of human dentin. Numerical simulations reveal that human dentin exhibits a graded resistance curve (R-curve). Among the three regions of dentin, superficial dentin shows the strongest resistance to crack propagation, and deep dentin has the weakest resistance. In addition, the predictions of fracture toughness of middle dentin agree well with the experimentally reported values, suggesting that the proposed model can be used to characterize the fracture behavior of human dentin comprehensively and properly.  相似文献   

14.
A modified version of the virtual internal bond model (VIB) is presented. This involves the introduction of a R-bond restricting the relative rotation freedom of pairwise mass particle. Such a modification allows the VIB model to consider arbitrary values of the Poisson ratio. A linear elastic cohesive law considering both the R-bond and L-bond are assumed. The constitutive relationship is derived using the Cauchy–Born rules. The derived constitutive associates the bond stiffness with the Young’s modulus and Poisson ratio of materials. This gives the bond stiffness in terms of the Young’s modulus and Poisson ratio of materials.The modified VIB model is then used to analyze the tensile crack behavior. In contrast to the cohesive stress method, the deformation-governed concept will be used. The local materials failure is assumed to coincide with the reduction of the bond density due to the local deformation rather than by the local cohesive stress. A phenomenological relationship between the bond density and the deformation is established. The criterion which is applied to determined crack initiation and propagation is built into the constitutive model. As an example, the method is used to study the crack initiation and propagation behavior under tensile loading.  相似文献   

15.
传统无厚度粘结单元法CFEM (Cohesive finite element method)在模拟脆性材料断裂方面具有很强的优势,但也存在很大问题.一是单元尺寸增大,收敛性变差;二是单元尺寸变小,模型刚度发生折减.为了克服这两个问题,发展了考虑厚度的局部粘结单元法,即在裂纹可能扩展区插入具有一定厚度的粘结面单元.粘结面单元采用拓展虚内键本构(Augmented virtual internal bond)描述.由于考虑了厚度,粘结面交叉处会形成多边形空缺.为了弥补这一空缺,将其看作多边形键元胞,采用离散虚内键模型(Discretized virtual internal bond)对其建模,保证了模型的几何完整性.模拟结果表明,本文方法有效,克服了传统CFEM方法的刚度折减问题,提高了计算稳定性和收敛性.  相似文献   

16.
Fracture in a planar randomly ordered fiber network subjected to approximately homogenous macroscopic stress and strain field is considered. A theory describing material degradation on a macroscopic scale is derived via Griffith’s energy balance for an internal fractured area in the network assuming the active fracture process on the microscopic level is fiber–fiber bond breakage. Attention is confined to a purely mechanical theory assuming isothermal processes and the theory relies on equations commonly used in theories of statistical physics. In the theory, a bond breaking driving force is stated to be equal to the elastic strain energy density of a non-fractured network. A debond fraction can be coupled to a linearly decrease of the network’s macroscopic stiffness. The rate of the fracture processes is determined by the network’s inherent properties (bond and fiber density, bond strength, etc.). During the loading process, until onset of localization, the bond breaks occur at randomly distributed locations spread over the fiber network and the theory estimate material degradation on a macroscopic level. When localization takes place, the fracture process changes from a two-dimensional randomly distributed process to a one-dimensional process and other theories have to be included to describe post-localization behavior. An approximately in-plane isotropic low-density paper is used in tensile experiments while monitoring acoustic emission activity to evaluate the theory. The experimentally obtained results support the theory surprisingly well.  相似文献   

17.
建立统计力学模型正确描述材料微观结构与宏观力学特性之间的关系是软物质类材料的最大挑战之一,已有的橡胶材料统计模型尚存在一些不足.文章根据橡胶类材料宏观各向同性、连续均匀和不可压缩特性,结合分子链的非高斯统计模型,提出一种橡胶材料网络结构的力学特性模型.该模型将代表体元上对应点之间的传力路径用一个类螺旋管区域约束的分子链子网络来描述,螺旋管的表面随材料的宏观变形做仿射变形,分子链子网络由方向和长度随机的分子链或链段首尾链接而成,在此基础上由分子链的熵推导出描述材料宏观力学特性的本构关系.通过大量的材料测试数据对本构模型进行拟合验证,拟合结果表明该模型具有非常好的精度,并且在采用两个参数时模型具有非常高的可靠性,仅用单轴拉伸实验数据拟合模型就能准确预测全部3类实验数据.该模型使用了仿射的弯曲管假设,能从微观结构尺度上说明材料的不可压缩特性,避免了直管模型的近似性,为微观尺度的随机性和宏观的均匀性的联系提出一个新的模型.  相似文献   

18.
A simplified kinematic procedure at a cell level is proposed to obtain in-plane elastic moduli and macroscopic masonry strength domains in the case of herringbone masonry. The model is constituted by two central bricks interacting with their neighbors by means of either elastic or rigid-plastic interfaces with friction, representing mortar joints. The herringbone pattern is geometrically described and the internal law of composition of the periodic cell is defined.A sub-class of possible elementary deformations is a-priori chosen to describe joints cracking under in-plane loads. Suitable internal macroscopic actions are applied on the Representative Element of Volume (REV) and the power expended within the 3D bricks assemblage is equated to that expended in the macroscopic 2D Cauchy continuum. The elastic and limit analysis problem at a cell level are solved by means of a quadratic and linear programming approach, respectively.To assess elastic results, a standard FEM homogenization is also performed and a sensitivity analysis regarding two different orientations of the pattern, the thickness of the mortar joints and the ratio between block and mortar Young moduli is conducted. In this way, the reliability of the numerical model is critically evaluated under service loads.When dealing with the limit analysis approach, several computations are performed investigating the role played by (1) the direction of the load with respect to herringbone bond orientation, (2) masonry texture and (3) mechanical properties adopted for joints.At a structural level, a FE homogenized limit analysis is performed on a masonry dome built in herringbone bond. In order to assess limit analysis results, additional non-linear FE analyses are performed, including a full 3D numerical expensive heterogeneous approach and models where masonry is substituted with an equivalent macroscopic material with orthotropic behavior and possible softening. Reliable predictions of collapse loads and failure mechanisms are obtained, meaning that the approach proposed may be used by practitioners for a fast evaluation of the effectiveness of herringbone bond orientation.  相似文献   

19.
《力学快报》2020,10(5):321-326
The rock fragmentation involves the inter-block and the intra-block fracture. A simulation method for rock fragmentation is developed by coupling Voronoi diagram (VD) and discretized virtual internal bond (DVIB). The DVIB is a lattice model that consists of bonds. The VD is used to generate the potential block structure in the DVIB mesh. Each potential block may contain any number of bond cells. To characterize the inter-block fracture, a hyperelastic bond potential is employed for the bond cells that are cut by the VD edges. While to characterize the intra-block fracture, an elastobrittle bond potential is adopted for the bonds in a block. By this method, both the inter-block and intra-block fracture can be well simulated. The simulation results suggest that this method is a simple and efficient approach to rock fragmentation simulation with block smash.  相似文献   

20.
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号