爆炸载荷下聚氨酯泡沫材料中冲击波压力特性

采用间接测压法,对爆炸载荷作用下聚氨酯泡沫材料中的冲击波压力特性进行了研究。结果表明,在装药特性相同的爆炸载荷作用下,聚氨酯泡沫材料中的初始冲击波压力随初始孔隙度增大而显著下降;冲击波传播衰减效应受初始孔隙度影响同样显著,但不呈单一加快或减慢趋势;当初始孔隙度在０．２５左右时,聚氨酯泡沫材料对爆炸载荷具有较强的抗冲击减压效能。     

多孔药型罩聚能射流的稳定性

基于Herrmann改进的Grneisen状态方程,对多孔药型罩受冲击压缩产生的温升进行了估算,从理论上分析了孔隙度对射流断裂时间的影响。使用脉冲X光测试并结合侵彻实验研究了药型罩初始孔隙度为9.3%和11.4%时聚能射流的稳定性。研究结果表明,在一定孔隙度范围内,射流的稳定性随孔隙度的增加而增强。     

球面聚心气相爆轰波传播过程的数值研究

应用频散可控耗散格式对球面聚心气相爆轰波的传播过程进行了数值模拟 研究. 通过跟踪波阵面上压力和温度变化，分析这些参数在爆轰波传播过程中的演变规律， 及其与几何尺度和初始条件之间的依赖关系. 研究结果表明，仅在远场波面压力的变化近似 只依赖于r/R，对称中心附近则需要考虑初始半径$R$的影响；波面压力与初始压力的变化呈 线性关系；汇聚过程中温度升高比压力慢得多.     

缓冲气囊的特征内压

通过对缓冲气囊的刚度特性与初始内压之间关系的实验研究，发现能表明气囊刚度在工作行程内由非稳态转变成稳态的初始内压，将这一有特殊意义的初始内压命名为“特征内压”．本文研究了特征内压的意义，特征内压与气囊的结构、尺寸以及缓冲特性之间的关系．     

细长体水下运动空化流场及弹道特性实验

为了研究细长体水下高速运动时空泡的产生、闭合及脱落特性,及影响细长体空泡形态及弹道特性的复杂因素等,初步开展了细长体模型水下高速运动的实验研究,分析了不同初始空化数下细长体模型在水中高速运动的一系列流动现象,重点研究了空泡的发展、闭合、尾部回射流和尾部脱落特性,以及轴对称细长体模型弹道特性与空泡形态变化之间的关系和转动特性随时间的变化历程等。结果表明:细长体水下高速运动时形成超空泡,空泡头部光滑透明,尾部凝结有汽水混合物且有交替脱落的含气漩涡;初始空化数对细长体的速度衰减有所影响;受初始扰动影响,细长体水下运动伴随有绕头部的转动且初始扰动影响细长体俯仰角随时间的变化历程。     

热超弹性材料中空穴增长的分岔问题

研究了受外加均布拉伸死载荷作用的不可压热超弹性材料中空穴突然快速增长的分岔问题.不同于外载荷较小的情况,不可压热超弹性材料球体中的预存微空在外载荷足够大时可以发生突然的快速增长,可视为一类分岔问题.给出了不同温度场下,不同初始半径的微空的增长曲线.预存微空的增长曲线相应于初始半径的极限是实心球体中空穴突然生成的分岔曲线.讨论了均匀和非均匀,升高或降低的温度场对空穴增长问题的影响;给出了预存微空能够发生突然的快速增长的临界载荷,得到了临界载荷与实心球体中空穴突然生成时的临界载荷之间的关系及临界载荷与温度变化之间的关系.     

采动过程中相似比变化影响因素分析及参数修正

采动作用下,相似模型设定的初始相似比会发生变化。为得到变化相似比的计算方法及影响因素,以相似材料及煤岩体仅发生弹塑性变形为前提条件,初步分析了这一阶段的应力、几何、渗透率相似比。研究表明,应力、几何、渗透率初始相似比在相似材料及煤岩体弹性变形阶段能够恒定不变的前提条件为:(1)泊松比相似比恒为1;(2)弹性模量相似比恒等于应力相似比。当模拟材料或实际煤岩体进入塑性阶段,或在弹性阶段不满足上述两条件时,需要依据公式修正相似比。同时开展采动渗透率变化相似材料模拟时,若要保证采动过程中渗透率相似比不变,在满足上述条件的基础上,还需要满足相似材料与实际煤岩体的初始孔隙度相等,否则需依据公式修正渗透率相似比。     

不同温压超临界CO_2气爆喷孔冲击应力变化规律实验研究

为研究不同温压条件下超临界CO_2气爆过程中气爆管喷孔喷射的爆生气体对被爆物体产生的冲击应力变化规律,自主设计了超临界CO_2气爆实验系统及数据采集装置,实验得到了在不同初始温度和压力下对称双喷孔喷射的超临界CO_2气爆爆生气体冲击应力变化规律:喷孔喷出的爆生气体作用于被爆物体的冲击应力经历应力激增、应力剧减和应力减速衰减三个阶段。冲击应力时程变化曲线呈脉冲波形曲线特征,且冲击应力衰减阶段持续时间大于冲击应力激增持续时间。冲击应力随初始温度和初始压力的增大而增加,初始压力变化引起的气爆冲击应力变化比初始温度变化明显,增大超临界态CO_2的初始压力提高气爆冲击应力优于提高超临界态CO_2的初始温度。最后得到了冲击应力峰值P_(max)与初始温度T和初始压力P的关系P_(max)=ɑT+bP+C。     

潜地导弹初始定位误差估算方法

针对潜地导弹初始定位误差的估算问题,提出一种基于发射惯性系下遥外差数据进行解算的初始定位误差分离方法.该方法基于制导工具误差的产生机理及传递关系.推导出了初始定位误差与遥外测位置差之间的关系,分析了定位误差对导航计算初始速度装订的影响,建立了利用地面测试数据估算初始段制导工具速度误差的数学模型.结合飞行试验数据对该误差分离方法的精度进行了分析,同时还讨论了遥外差信息的选取原则,计算结果证实了该估算方法的可行性.     

初始几何缺陷对网壳截面优化结果影响研究

单层网壳结构是缺陷敏感结构,初始几何缺陷不同对"网壳截面优化结果"有显著影响,该文研究了网壳杆件截面取值与缺陷分布、结构极限承载力之间的关系.结果表明:经截面优化设计的网壳结构最不利应力最早并且一直出现在初始几何缺陷较大处;优化寻优结果与初始几何缺陷分布有直接关系,增大缺陷较大处杆件截面能显著提高结构承载力;由于缺陷随机分布,经截面优化设计的网壳结构须校核其在不同缺陷下的稳定承载力以确保结构安全.     

Effect of inner gas pressure on the elastoplastic behavior of porous materials: A second-order moment micromechanics model

A new micromechanics model based on the second-order moment of stress is established to investigate the effect of gas pressure on the nonlinear macroscopic constitutive relationship of the porous materials. The analytical method agrees well with numerical simulation based on the finite element method. Through a systematic study, we find that the gas pressure has a prominent effect on the nonlinear deformation behavior of the porous materials. The gas pressure can cause tension–compression asymmetry on the uniaxial stress–strain curve and the nominal Poisson’s ratio. The pore pressure significantly reduces the initial yield strength and failure strength of the porous metals, especially when the relative density of the material is small. The gas phase also strongly compromises the composite strength when the temperature is increased. The model may be useful for the evaluation of mechanical integrity of porous materials under various working conditions and working temperatures.     

Pressure Relaxation in a Hole Surrounded by Porous and Permeable Rock in Hole Pressure Tests with Gas Injection

The pressure testing of a hole in porous and permeable rock by gas injection is considered. An integral equation for the hole pressure relaxation is obtained whose numerical and analytical solutions describe the dependence of the relaxation time of hole pressure on the reservoir properties of the surrounding porous rock as well as on the initial gas content and the initial pressure gradient in the hole. __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 47, No. 1, pp. 109–118, January–February, 2006.     

Linearization of dynamic equations for a saturated porous medium

Equations of the mechanics of a saturated porous medium that account for the deformation tensor of the fluid and the initial state of the medium are derived. Emphasis is on the linearization and justification of the basic nonlinear equations of the theory. The relationship between the pressure (deformation) of the fluid and the thermodynamic and kinematic parameters of the medium is established. The solutions obtained are compared with Biot’s well-known classical results and analyzed     

On the existence of diffusive waves in some non-linear unsteady flows of non-Newtonian fluids through porous media

We investigate the unsteady flow of power law fluids through porous media. We determine the pressure and velocity distributions when fluid is injected into a porous medium of infinite extend. We obtain solutions of progressive-wave type by means of a translation. We determine the necessary conditions for the existence of this type of solution regarding the prescribed pressure of injection and the initial pressure and velocity distributions in the porous medium. Similarity solutions are also obtained for the cases of a prescribed time dependent pressure of injection and a prescribed constant flow rate of injection. In the latter case the resulting ordinary differential equation is solved numerically. Point source solutions are also obtained for the case when an amount of fluid is instantaneously injected into the porous media. In all cases the rheological effects are presented and analyzed.     

Analytical solutions of one-dimensional problems of gas flow for quadratic resistance law

A study is made of one-dimensional (plane and axisymmetric) problems of the isothermal flow of gas through a porous medium for quadratic resistance law. Self-similar equations for the velocity and pressure of the gas in the porous medium are obtained. Analytical expressions for the pressure and velocity of the gas for constant initial pressure in the medium are obtained. A quadratic dependence of the resistance on the velocity [1,2] is used to describe the motion of the gas in the porous medium at high Reynolds numbers. (Re > 10).Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 2, pp. 73–77, March–April, 1985.     

Gas pressure equalization in a porous medium filling a pipe with a closed end under shock loading

The problem of gas pressure equalization in a porous medium filling a pipe with a closed end under shock loading is solved. In this case, the initial filtration velocity behind the shock wave should be specified as initial data, in addition to the shock pressure. It is shown that the shock decays at a finite distance and pressure equalization occurs in a finite time. Approximate submodels of discontinuous and smooth solutions are obtained.     

初始压力对多孔介质中气体水合物生成的影响

利用自制的一维天然气水合物生成与开采模拟实验系统,实验研究多孔介质中天然气水合物生成时不同初始压力对生成量、生成时间的影响.分别用相同气水比注入、相同注气量不同注水量、相同注水量不同注气量三种方式来控制初始压力.结果表明:在砂粒粒径300μm～500μm,盐水质量浓度2%,系统温度为2℃、初始压力为5MPa～9MPa的条件下进行水合物的等容生成实验时,初始压力越大,生成的水合物量越多,水合物开始生成的时间越早;但初始压力越大,实验系统中水合物生成最终稳定所需的时间越长.本实验系统采用的三种不同的控制初始压力的方式都可以得到上述结果.由此,可以为今后室内进行天然气水合物的生成实验提供科学指导.     

Boiling of a liquid in a porous medium under a pressure drawdown influence

The problem of the boiling of a liquid which initially completely saturates a porous medium under a pressure drawdown influence is considered in a planar one-dimensional formulation and a radial self-similar formulation. The influence of the initial state of the medium and pressure drawdown on the filtration boiling process is analyzed. Boiling regimes are identified, and a criterion for distinguishing between these regimes is determined.