电感式磨粒传感器中铁磁质磨粒的磁特性研究

在电感式磨粒传感器中,铁磁质磨粒主要通过磁化作用改变传感器线圈的磁场分布,进而改变线圈的等效电感.建立了线圈中含有铁磁质磨粒时的磁场模型,得出了磨粒磁化场关于退磁因子的磁感应强度表达式.以球磨粒为例,通过计算球磨粒磁化场,得到球磨粒引起线圈电感变化率的解析式,并用有限元法计算了线圈的磁场,分析后发现:理论计算解与数值分析解相符,所建模型可以反映客观实际;磨粒的磁化强度由其磁导率和退磁因子共同决定,球磨粒的磁化强度可近似认为与磁导率无关;球磨粒引起的传感器线圈电感变化率随线圈单位长度上匝数的增加而减小,并趋向于一极限值;传感器线圈的电感变化率与球磨粒半径的三次方成正比,球磨粒半径在100μm以内,电感变化率在10-7数量级.本研究结论可为电感式磨粒传感器的设计提供理论指导.     

新型磨粒在线监测传感器及其试验研究

依据润滑油中磨粒与电感线圈之间耦合关系,设计了1种新型的电感式磨粒传感器,并建立了相应的在线磨粒测试系统.利用在线磨粒监测试验台,对传感器的磨粒检出能力、测试结果的一致性以及测试系统输出与磨粒通过速度的关系进行了试验.结果表明:该在线磨粒监测传感器对粒度大于500μm的铜磨粒和粒度大于100μm的铁磨粒具有较好的检测能力;磁性磨粒收集装置能显著提高传感器对小尺寸铁磁质磨粒的检测能力;在磨粒速度一定情况下,传感器对不同类别不同粒度的磨粒输出一致性好;磨粒速度对测试系统输出影响较大,磨粒速度越快,测试系统输出越小;提高传感器信号放大电路的频响范围,将改善测试系统的响应速度,提高对高速磨粒的检出能力.本研究结论证明该传感器能较好地满足在线磨粒监测的要求.     

新型超声磨粒传感器输出特性研究

设计了一种新型超声磨粒传感器,对传感器的输出一致性以及油液温度、黏度对传感器输出的影响进行了试验分析.结果表明:该超声磨粒传感器能够有效检测润滑油中小至45μm的磨粒并且具有良好的输出一致性;传感器的输出随着油液温度与黏度的增加而减小;高温时,因温度升高导致的换能器性能下降明显;低温时,高黏度油液对声波的吸收衰减作用显著.提出了磨粒在检测区域中的轴向位置及油液温度、黏度影响因素的修正方法.     

偏置磁场对磁致伸缩纵向导波换能器效能的影响研究

为提高磁致伸缩导波换能器的激励效能，本文研究了磁场结构参数对偏置磁场空间分布的影响。基于COMSOL有限元仿真平台，对磁致伸缩换能器磁场分布特性进行了数值计算，研究了磁路结构形式、磁路和永磁铁数量等对偏置磁场分布的影响，最后优化出适合纵向导波激励的磁场结构参数。检测实验结果表明，随着偏置磁场磁路数量的增加，偏置磁场强度增大，磁场径向均匀性更好，磁致伸缩换能器的效能也相应提高;在相同磁路数量的条件下，永磁体数量的改变对换能器效能影响较小，四磁路偏置磁场最优;轭铁中部增加永磁铁后的磁路结构的偏置磁场的轴向均匀性更高，其激励效能更好。     

基于拓扑优化的均匀磁场励磁结构设计方法

在一定限度的空间内设计励磁结构以使在所需要的区域内产生足够强度和均匀度的磁场，是实现重要的医学诊断设备设计的关键。本文基于拓扑优化方法，建立了能够产生均匀磁场的核磁共振成像仪器中超导励磁线圈空间排布形式的优化设计方法。以励磁线圈在给定区域内的分布参数为设计变量，以在所需区域内磁场的均方差为均匀性描述指标，建立了包含线圈体积和磁场强度要求的均匀磁场设计优化问题的数学模型。基于所建立的优化模型，给出了具体的均匀磁场的励磁结构设计方案。该设计方案的仿真分析，验证了磁场的均匀性以及所建立的方法的有效性。     

消息与动态 (七)

电涡流式位移振幅测量仪由电涡流传感器、前置器、指示仪和连接电缆所组成.电涡流传感器是一只固定于框架上的扁平线圈,它与一个电容并联,构成并联谐振回路.在前置器高频讯号的激励下、线圈产生高频交变磁场.由于磁场的作     

消息与动态 (七)

电涡流式位移振幅测量仪由电涡流传感器、前置器、指示仪和连接电缆所组成.电涡流传感器是一只固定于框架上的扁平线圈,它与一个电容并联,构成并联谐振回路.在前置器高频讯号的激励下、线圈产生高频交变磁场.由于磁场的作     

小型化光纤陀螺的轴向磁场误差特性建模方法探讨

小型化光纤陀螺的主要特点是光纤环径向尺寸逐步缩小,而轴向尺寸逐步增大,由此导致轴向磁场误差成为影响小型化光纤陀螺精度的重要因素之一。以小型化光纤陀螺轴向磁场误差特性为研究对象,依据光纤环中光纤的四极对称排列结构,提出轴向螺旋角展开分析法,利用Jones矩阵分别构建保偏型光纤陀螺及消偏型光纤陀螺的传输矩阵及轴向磁场误差模型,探讨光纤扭曲应力寄生圆双折射、轴向尺寸等因素与非互易性Faraday磁场相位误差的关系,得出光纤陀螺轴向磁场漂移误差的数学描述,以此为理论依据,探讨小型化光纤陀螺的轴向磁场误差因素,并提出相应的措施。     

消息与动态

电涡流式位移振幅测量仪由电涡流传感器、前置器、指示仪和连接电缆所组成.电涡流传感器是一只固定于框架上的扁平线圈,它与一个电容并联,构成并联谐振回路.在前置器高频讯号的激励下、线圈产生高频交变磁场.由于磁场的作     

一种摩擦学状态在线监测系统的研究

研制了一种用于船用柴油机的摩擦学状态在线监测系统。它集磨粒监测，润滑油质量监测，柴油机扭矩及时转速监测于一体，利用在线铁谱技术监测润滑油中的铁磁性磨粒，利用容栅型电容传感器在线监测污染物引起的润滑油介电常数的变化，利用光电传感器和随轴转动齿盘产生的脉冲及相位差在线测量柴油机输出轴的扭矩及瞬时转速。此外，该监测系统还可将柴油机的磨损状态与动力状态相关联，监测由于各缸爆排压力变化造成的瞬时转速变化，从     

Effect of magnetic field on the buoyancy and thermocapillary driven convection of an electrically conducting fluid in an annular enclosure

The main objective of this article is to study the effect of magnetic field on the combined buoyancy and surface tension driven convection in a cylindrical annular enclosure. In this study, the top surface of the annulus is assumed to be free, and the bottom wall is insulated, whereas the inner and the outer cylindrical walls are kept at hot and cold temperatures respectively. The governing equations of the flow system are numerically solved using an implicit finite difference technique. The numerical results for various governing parameters of the problem are discussed in terms of the streamlines, isotherms, Nusselt number and velocity profiles in the annuli. Our results reveal that, in tall cavities, the axial magnetic field suppresses the surface tension flow more effectively than the radial magnetic field, whereas, the radial magnetic field is found to be better for suppressing the buoyancy driven flow compared to axial magnetic field. However, the axial magnetic field is found to be effective in suppressing both the flows in shallow cavities. From the results, we also found that the surface tension effect is predominant in shallow cavities compared to the square and tall annulus. Further, the heat transfer rate increases with radii ratio, but decreases with the Hartmann number.     

磁流体在铁谱技术中的应用研究

通过对某矿井提升机滑动轴承工况的实际监测 ,考察了磁流体对铁谱仪中非铁磁性颗粒沉积的影响 .结果表明 :磁流体可以使非铁磁性颗粒有效地沉积在铁谱仪的谱片上 ,使谱片携带更加全面的信息 ;磁流体对非铁磁性颗粒的“磁化”作用具有选择性 .磁流体可以用于监测非铁磁性颗粒     

中碳钢/不锈钢磁场摩擦中磨屑的行为和作用

以45钢销/302不锈钢盘摩擦副为研究对象，采用自制的销、盘摩擦磨损试验机，研究了直流磁场作用下磨屑在摩擦过程中的行为及其对摩擦磨损性能的作用. 为此分析了有、无磁场作用下磨屑在磨损面上的分布特点，利用扫描电镜观察了磨屑及45钢销磨损面的形貌，采用三维形貌仪表征了磨损面特征区域的相对高度. 与无磁场时的摩擦磨损情况相比，磁场作用下45钢销的磨损量有所增大，而摩擦系数稍有减小. 摩擦过程中出现了302不锈钢盘向45钢销的材料转移并形成了不连续的转移层，该转移层相对高度较大，承担了主要的摩擦磨损并趋于平滑. 磁场作用下45钢销磨损面吸附少量磨屑并使之细化和氧化，该吸附磨屑在一定程度上减小了摩擦副的摩擦系数，并阻碍试样之间的材料转移，从而增加了45钢销的磨损量.      

Effect of induced magnetic field on natural convection in vertical concentric annuli

In the present paper,we have considered the steady fully developed laminar natural convective flow in open ended vertical concentric annuli in the presence of a radial magnetic field.The induced magnetic field produced by the motion of an electrically conducting fluid is taken into account.The transport equations concerned with the considered model are first recast in the non-dimensional form and then unified analytical solutions for the velocity,induced magnetic field and temperature field are obtained for the cases of isothermal and constant heat flux on the inner cylinder of concentric annuli.The effects of the various physical parameters appearing into the model are demonstrated through graphs and tables.It is found that the magnitude of maximum value of the fluid velocity as well as induced magnetic field is greater in the case of isothermal condition compared with the constant heat flux case when the gap between the cylinders is less or equal to 1.70 times the radius of inner cylinder,while reverse trend occurs when the gap between the cylinders is greater than 1.71 times the radius of inner cylinder.These fields are almost the same when the gap between the cylinders is equal to 1.71 times the radius of inner cylinder for both the cases.It is also found that as the Hartmann number increases,there is a flattening tendency for both the velocity and the induced magnetic field.The influence of the induced magnetic field is to increase the velocity profiles.     

外加磁场对W-20Cu/45钢摩擦副干摩擦特性影响的实验研究

以W-20Cu销/45钢环摩擦副为研究对象,采用改进后的MPV-1500型摩擦磨损试验机,研究了直流磁场对W-20Cu干滑动摩擦磨损特性的影响.利用扫描电镜观察W-20Cu销磨损后的表面形貌、纵切面组织及磨屑形貌,采用三维形貌仪表征了磨损表面粗糙度.结果表明:随着磁场的施加和增大,W-20Cu销和45钢环的磨损率及摩擦系数均有减小趋势.磁场不仅降低了W-20Cu销摩擦面亚表层的变形程度,而且能吸附磨屑并使之细化.无外加磁场时,磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损;施加磁场后,W-20Cu销摩擦面趋于平滑,磨损机制变为磨粒磨损和氧化磨损的混合磨损.     

Quench characteristics and mechanical responses during quench propagation in rare earth barium copper oxide pancake coils

Quench and mechanical behaviors are critical issues in high temperature superconducting(HTS)coils.In this paper,the quench characteristics in the rare earth barium copper oxide(REBCO)pancake coil at 4.2K are analyzed,and a two-dimensional(2D)axisymmetric electro-magneto-thermal model is presented.The effects of the constituent materials,background field,and coil size are analyzed.An elastoplastic mechanical model is used to study the corresponding mechanical responses during the quench propagation.The variations of the temperature and strain in superconducting layers are compared.The results indicate that the radial strain evolutions can reflect the transverse quench propagation and the tensile hoop and radial stresses in superconducting layers increase with the quench propagation.The possible damages are discussed with the consideration of the effects of the background field and coil size.It is concluded that the high background field significantly increases the maximum tensile hoop and radial stresses in quenching coils and local damage may be caused.     

一种新的磨损颗粒定量分析指标

通过改进传统的直读式铁谱仪研制了一种新型的金属磨粒分析仪,利用该仪器考察了不同条件下的铁磁性颗粒油液,弱磁性颗粒油液及其颗粒混合液在沉积管内的沉积特性,并重新定义了磨损颗粒定量分析,总磨损量指标Ｑａ,给出了确定其报警值插足 方法。     

核电690合金传热管微动疲劳试验及损伤机理分析

核电蒸汽发生器传热管在微幅磨损与交变载荷的作用下形成微动疲劳,导致其表面裂纹萌生和扩展乃至破裂,从而影响反应堆的安全. 为研究径向载荷以及轴向交变应力对690合金管微动疲劳寿命的影响规律,开展690合金管管材的微动疲劳试验,获得690合金管管材的微动疲劳寿命曲线,并与相关研究数据进行对比分析,以便探讨材料在微动疲劳下的寿命模型. 对不同载荷下的690合金管试样的磨痕表面进行三维形貌和扫描电镜观测,分析磨损表面的损伤机理;对不同载荷下的690合金管试样断口的宏观与微观形貌进行表征,分析裂纹萌生、起裂过程及其失效机理. 结果表明690合金管与403不锈钢(SS)抗振条间的磨损机理为剥层及磨粒磨损;690合金管在径向载荷作用下于微动磨损处产生裂纹源,裂纹在轴向交变应力的作用下不断向内部扩展,最终导致断裂;其断裂形式为解理疲劳断裂.      

The construction of a coil to produce high pulsed magnetic fields

Summary In this paper we describe a pulse apparatus for producing strong magnetic fields by discharging a capacitor bank through a coil. A new construction technique for specially reinforced coils, wound with copper wires, allows us to produce a magnetic field of 570 kOe, with a pulse time of 5 ms.Finally we mention some calculations of the field homogeneity in the coils.