应变几何理论在应力函数张量研究中的应用

本文应用应变几何理论的结果研究了一般应力函数张量的性质,给出了应力函数张量的“确定性”,导出了内力系(或边界力系)主矢与主矩由应力函数张量的闭线积分确定的公式.     

非比例循环塑性内时本构关系研究

在Valanis的内时本构理论的框架中,引入内结构张量以反映由于非比例加载而引起金属材料的附加等向强化及异向强化效应,同时提出材料强化程度的度量采用沿路径法线方向的塑性应变分量来描述.这些考虑的有效性已经通过用所建模型对304不锈钢材料在一些典型非比例循环加载路径下的响应进行的理论预测得到了验证;将该模型应用于U71Mn材料室温单轴棘轮行为描述中,结果显示内结构张量的引入不仅能较好地反映应变控制下的非比例附加效应,而且也能较好地反映应力控制下塑性应变的累积及变化率.     

关于几种新的极分解计算方法

对变形梯度极分解的计算方法进行了分析,给出极分解计算的四种新方法：（１）增量叠加法;（２）基于伸长张量不变量（近似）计算法;（３）确定主转动轴计算法;（４）坐标变换法．增量叠加极分解计算方法将为建立以伸长张量为应变度量的大变形大转动有限元分析方法提供基础．本文还给出了伸长张量物质时间导数的简洁表达式     

自旋张量的绝对表示及其在有限变形理论中的应用

基于对一类线性张量方程的一般解法,导出了任一对称张量所对应的自旋张量的绝对表示。该结果可以很自然地用于研究左和右伸长张量的自旋并研讨在连续介质力学中常见到的各种转动率张量间的关系。一个重要的公式,即Hill意义下广义应变的共轭应力和Cauchy应力之间的关系,从功共轭原理建立了起来。尤其是详细讨论了对数应变的时间变率及相应的共轭应力。无疑,上述结果对有限变形条件下本构理论的研究是颇为重要的。     

不同应力分量下广义开尔文模型粘性系数探讨

对不同应力分量下的广义开尔文模型应力应变关系进行了研究,推导了在不同应力分量下的广义开尔文模型的粘性应变增量计算式;通过对这些粘性应变增量计算式的比较分析,得到结论:对于线性粘弹性模型,当应力张量引起粘性变形的规律与应力偏量和球应力分别引起粘性变形的规律相同时,它们的系数满足关系式Ek/ηk=Gsk/ηsk=Kmk/ηmk;否则,这个关系式不成立.现有文献采用应力张量表示的粘性变形有限元计算式隐含假定了球应力与应力偏量产生的粘性变形规律相同.对于复杂的工程材料而言,这种假定并不总是合适的.这在工程问题粘性分析时值得注意.     

自引力旋转球壳的弹性力学解

考虑旋转对自引力球壳的影响，借助MATHEMATICA符号计算软件求解了Navier方程，得到了自引力旋转球壳的弹性力学解析解，给出了应变和应力张量的解析表达式，并分析了应变和应力张量的性质，得到了在球壳或球体内主应力最大的位置，即在极角θ≈49°和θ≈131°处，或在纬度41°S和41°N处。     

弹塑性耦合张量的宏细观对耦形式

依据弹塑性耦合问题的不同类型，应用广义正交原理，在应变空间上推导出已知宏、细观形变规律情况下两种不同形式的弹塑性耦合张量理论表达式及其显形式。该两类弹塑性耦合张量作为宏、细观的对耦形式可应用于体胞模型的损伤力学理论分析与数值计算。     

子午胎三维大变形有限元分析

本文将大变形理论应用于子午胎三维有限元结构分析,分析了充气轮胎在竖向加载条件下的位移场.应变场及应力场.计算结果与已有的实验资料相比较,是令人满意的.     

弹塑性耦合张量的宏细观对偶形式

依据弹塑性耦合问题的不同类型，应用广义正交原理，在应变空间上推导出已知宏、细观形变规律情况下两种不同形式的弹塑性耦合张量理论表达式及其显形式。该两类弹塑性耦合张量作为宏、细观的对耦形式可应用于体胞模型的损伤力学理论分析与数值计算。     

随动曲线坐标能量法模拟平面塑性压缩

本文给出平面压缩时随动曲线坐标系下运动可能速度场和相应的力学张量表达式.利用电算法优化可变参数使总能量泛函达最小值,从而获得流动速度场、位移场、应变速率和应力场的数值解.描述出不同宽高比时坯料产生单鼓形和双鼓形等现象,计算结果与实验吻合较好.     

A variational differential quadrature solution to finite deformation problems of hyperelastic shell-type structures: a two-point formulation in Cartesian coordinates

A new numerical approach is presented to compute the large deformations of shell-type structures made of the Saint Venant-Kirchhoff and Neo-Hookean materials based on the seven-parameter shell theory. A work conjugate pair of the first Piola Kirchhoff stress tensor and deformation gradient tensor is considered for the stress and strain measures in the paper. Through introducing the displacement vector, the deformation gradient, and the stress tensor in the Cartesian coordinate system and by means of the chain rule for taking derivative of tensors, the difficulties in using the curvilinear coordinate system are bypassed. The variational differential quadrature (VDQ) method as a pointwise numerical method is also used to discretize the weak form of the governing equations. Being locking-free, the simple implementation, computational efficiency, and fast convergence rate are the main features of the proposed numerical approach. Some well-known benchmark problems are solved to assess the approach. The results indicate that it is capable of addressing the large deformation problems of elastic and hyperelastic shell-type structures efficiently.     

板壳有限变形精确理论及有限元列式

以位移型退化壳理论为基础,提出了板壳模型的有限变形精确理论,该理论引入转动伪矢量概念,充分发挥刚性线段的运动学模型和有限转动矩和作用,精确表达非线性位移－应变关系,抛弃以往的小位移、小应变、小转动增量乃至小加载小长等各种简化假设,并严格遵循能量共轭关系建立有限元平衡方程,能够可靠和有效地用于板壳结构的大位移、大转动分析。算例表明,该文列式在弹性范围内具明显的平方收敛效率,并且计算结果与加载步长无关。由于不受小加载步长、小转动增量等的限制,实现了板壳几何非线性问题的大步长加载。     

平面应变不可压缩橡胶圆柱的大变形

针对一类新的橡胶材料应变能函数，推导了受内压作用下不可压缩橡胶圆柱的大变形公式，给出了位移、应力的解析表达式（用积分形式表示）。建立了适用于分析非线性不可压缩橡胶材料的罚有限元列式，算例表明：位移与应力能很好地与理论解吻合，并提出了控制计算稳定的方法，特别是详细地讨论罚因子的选取及对计算结果的影响。     

含随机参数的非线性黏弹性有限元计算

进行了粗粒土与结构接触面单调和循环加载试验，基于宏细观测量结果, 扩展了 损伤概念以 描述该类接触面在受载过程中的物态演化, 及由于物态演化导致的力学特性从初始状态到最终 稳定状态的连续变化过程. 揭示了接触面损伤的细观物理基础主要是接触面内土的颗粒破碎 和剪切压密这两种物态演化；指出接触面的剪胀体应变可以划分为可逆性和不可逆性剪胀体 应变两部分，其中不可逆性剪胀体应变可作为接触面损伤发展的宏观量度，因此其归一化 形式可作为一种损伤因子的定义；提出了建立粗粒土与结构接触面一种损伤本构关系的基本思路.     

Large deformation of incompressible rubber cylinder under plane strain

The large deformation of incompressible rubber cylinder under inner pressure is analyzed by a kind of new rubber materials strain energy function. The theory formulation for the displacement and stress is presented. The penalty finite element formulation is established in order to analyze nonlinear rubber materials, and the results of finite element method agree well with theoretical ones. A new method for controlling the calculating stability and convergence rates is put forward. The selection of the appropriate penalty factor and its influence on calculated results are discussed.     

Modelling inelastic behaviour of orthotropic metals in a unique alignment of deviatoric plane within the stress space

A finite strain constitutive model to predict the deformation behaviour of orthotropic metals is developed in this paper. The important features of this constitutive model are the multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient and a new Mandel stress tensor combined with the new stress tensor decomposition generalized into deviatoric and spherical parts. The elastic free energy function and the yield function are defined within an invariant theory by means of the structural tensors. The Hill’s yield criterion is adopted to characterize plastic orthotropy, and the thermally micromechanical-based model, Mechanical Threshold Model (MTS) is used as a referential curve to control the yield surface expansion using an isotropic plastic hardening assumption. The model complexity is further extended by coupling the formulation with the shock equation of state (EOS). The proposed formulation is integrated in the isoclinic configuration and allows for a unique treatment for elastic and plastic anisotropy. The effects of elastic anisotropy are taken into account through the stress tensor decomposition and plastic anisotropy through yield surface defined in the generalized deviatoric plane perpendicular to the generalized pressure. The proposed formulation of this work is implemented into the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory-DYNA3D code by the modification of several subroutines in the code. The capability of the new constitutive model to capture strain rate and temperature sensitivity is then validated. The final part of this process is a comparison of the results generated by the proposed constitutive model against the available experimental data from both the Plate Impact test and Taylor Cylinder Impact test. A good agreement between experimental and simulation is obtained in each test.     

基于绝对节点坐标法的弹性线方法研究

相比于浮动坐标系法, 绝对节点坐标法(absolute nodal coordinateformulation, ANCF)在处理柔性体非线性大变形问题上具有显著优势,ANCF将单元节点坐标定义在全局坐标系下,采用斜率矢量代替节点转角坐标, 具有常数质量阵,不存在科氏离心力等优点, 然而弹性力阵为非线性项,其求解将比较耗时且占用资源. 据此, 在弹性力求解方法中,引入弹性线方法(elastic line method, ELM),该方法将格林--拉格朗日应变张量定义在中心线上,采用曲率公式来定义弯曲应变, 转角公式来定义扭转应变.同时采用有限元法对三维柔性梁位移场进行离散,求解梁单元常数质量阵、广义刚度阵、广义力阵,进而得到单元的动力学方程, 通过转换矩阵得到三维梁的动力学方程.接着从理论上指出连续介质力学方法(continuum mechanics method,CMM)和弹性线方法在求解弹性力上的不同点, 并编制动力学仿真软件.最后分别采用连续介质力学方法和弹性线方法对柔性单摆以及履带式车辆的动力学问题进行仿真分析,结果表明:弹性线方法能在保证精度的前提下有效提高计算效率.      

壳体结构非线性分析的扁壳有限元法

用单位纵横向曲条条带法构造了扁壳单元的空间位移模式,依据拖带坐标描述去Ｓ－Ｒ分解定理,志出扁壳结构几何非线性分析的有限单元Ｕ．Ｃ．（ｕｐｄａｔｅｄ ｃｏ－ｍｏｖｉｎｇ ｃｏｏｒｄｉｎａｔｅ）列式,算例表明,该计算方法精度高,收敛性好。     

A finite element implementation of the stress gradient theory

In this contribution, a finite element implementation of the stress gradient theory is proposed. The implementation relies on a reformulation of the governing set of partial differential equations in terms of one primary tensor-valued field variable of third order, the so-called generalised displacement field. Whereas the volumetric part of the generalised displacement field is closely related to the classic displacement field, the deviatoric part can be interpreted in terms of micro-displacements. The associated weak formulation moreover stipulates boundary conditions in terms of the normal projection of the generalised displacement field or of the (complete) stress tensor. A detailed study of representative boundary value problems of stress gradient elasticity shows the applicability of the proposed formulation. In particular, the finite element implementation is validated based on the analytical solutions for a cylindrical bar under tension and torsion derived by means of Bessel functions. In both tension and torsion cases, a smaller is softer size effect is evidenced in striking contrast to the corresponding strain gradient elasticity solutions.