BAR SIMULATION METHOD FOR BENDING NORMAL STRESS OF I-BEAM IN CONSIDERATION OF SHEAR EFFECT 1)

随着工字形短深梁和宽翼缘梁结构的发展,截面非线性剪切变形对弯曲应力的影响愈加突出,导致传统设计中所采用的初等梁理论计算结果误差较大,不再适用。本文基于比拟杆法综合考虑剪切效应,推导出工字形梁横力弯曲应力解析计算公式,并与有限元及现有解析计算方法进行对比分析。结果表明：当跨高比较小,翼缘腹板面积比较大时剪切效应对弯曲变形有显著影响。同时相比于现有解析方法,本文计算结果精度较高且适用范围更广,可用于梁结构设计。     

THIRD-ORDER GENERALISED BEAM THEORY AND CALCULATION METHOD

一阶广义梁理论描述通过运用加入弯曲、扭转和畸变函数的普通非耦合微分方程组解决棱柱状结构行为.二阶广义梁理论,是添加上偏离力效果的微分方程. 通过引入纵向膜弯矩和膜剪应变虚功到广义梁理论系统当中,完全展开的三阶广义梁方程组将以一串大型离散迭代函数且能转化为可用于数值分析的若干切线刚度矩阵形式出现. 通过膜应力派生出三阶分项^ijrkv_σ和^ijrkv_τ并结合先进数值技术寻求全解,三阶广义梁理论提供了一种严谨和高效的数值工具用于调查薄壁结构后屈曲大变形行为.     

THE STRESS ANALYSIS OF HOLE WALL OF FLOWER SHAPE OBTAINED BY INCLINATION RECTIFICATION DIGGING AND ENGINEERING APPLICATION

提出了一种带朵纠倾掏土孔的既有建筑纠倾新方法,给出了带朵纠倾孔孔壁最大应力的近似计算公式,用数值计算方法验证了近似公式的适用性。新方法相对于传统圆形掏土孔方法能更好地实现建筑纠倾工程的精确可控、快速纠倾、避免过倾。当大孔半径与小朵孔半径之比在1$\sim $6范围时,纠倾效果较好。     

Non-symmetrical large deformation of a shallow thin conical shell

I.IntroductionItisimportanttoresearchnon-symmetricalquestionsofshallowcollicalshellsintheoryoronapplication.Asonekindofpressurevessel'sparts,shallowconicalshellsareverycommonlyusedillellgineerillgpractice,becausethedifficultyofmanul\lctul.illgthemis'small.AlthotlghwelookupmanyChineseandtbreignperiodicalswhicharctlblctobefound,wehavenotyeth'ulldarticlesanddocumentsfornon-symmetricalandnolllinearquestionsofshitllowconictllshells.Oval'rccelltyears,ProlbssorWangXinzhiandhiscolleagueshavedonealot…     

基于有限变形理论的数值流形方法研究简

原有数值流形方法通过积累每一时步的小变形而得到结构最终的大变形,然而,当结构发生大变形、大转动时往往产生较大计算误差. 针对该问题,从动量守恒方程以及应力边界条件的积分弱形式出发,引入流形方法的插值函数,建立了基于有限变形理论的数值流形方法. 通过对比改进前后流形方法的计算迭代格式,指出了原有流形方法计算大变形问题时的误差来源. 最后,通过大变形悬臂梁和旋转块体算例对有限变形流形方法进行了验证. 数值结果表明,改进后的流形方法能够很好地处理大变形大转动问题,消除了转动所带来的计算误差,其计算结果与解析解及ABAQUS 软件求得的数值解相吻合.     

THE NMM-BASED EFG METHOD AND SIMULATION OF CRACK PROPAGATION

数值流形方法（numerucal manifold method,NMM）通过引入数学覆盖和物理覆盖两套系统来统一处理连续和非连续问题. 通过用移动最小二乘插值（moving least squares interpolation,MLS）中的节点影响域构造数学覆盖,得到了基于数值流形方法的无网格伽辽金法（element free Galerkin,EFG）. 该方法在保证前处理简单的同时,又能方便处理如裂纹等不连续问题. 建立了适用于小变形和大变形的裂纹扩展计算格式,并通过对曲折裂纹（kinked crack）的处理,在不加密的情况下实现了任意小步长的裂纹扩展,大大提高了在固定网格中模拟裂纹扩展的实用性. 大小变形的结果对比表明,按照不考虑构型变化的小变形计算,结果可能偏于危险.     

Approximate Methods for the Linear and Nonlinear Analysis of Plates and Shallow Shells

Abstract

Berger's equations for the large amplitude deformation of membranes are used to produce a simple approximate expression for the large amplitude deflection of plates. The deformation of shallow shells is also considered and two approximate methods are outlined. Several important problems are discussed, the obtained solution being in good agreement with both experimental data and other approximate results. The main advantage of this technique is its ease of application, as it requires comparatively little computational work. A simple approximate formula for computing the fundamental frequency of a vibrating shallow shell is also presented and is shown to yield very accurate values in the case of a shallow dome and a rectangular panel.     

Euler杆大挠度屈曲的解析逼近

研究Euler杆大挠度屈曲问题，将控制方程的线性化与谐波平衡法组合起来，分别建立以杆端转角形式表示的屈曲荷载及最大挠度的解析逼近公式，这些公式既适用于小变形又适用于大变形。     

盒形结构在碰撞下的能量吸收能力

用盒形结构保护产品是最常见的包装方式之一。本文对盒形结构在碰撞载何作用下的大挠度变形模式和能量吸收能力进行了实验研究;在同时考虑弯曲和膜力消耗塑性功的基础上,用能量平衡法给出了一个近似理论分析。理论与实验结果基本一致,可望用于盒形结构的耐撞性设计。     

七方程可压缩多相流模型的HLLC格式及应用

针对Saurel和Abgrall提出的两速度两压力的七方程可压缩多相流模型,改进了其数值解法并应用于模拟可压缩多介质流动问题.在Saurel等的算子分裂法基础上,根据Abgrall的多相流系统应满足速度和压力的均匀性不随时间改变的思想,推导了与HLLC格式一致的非守恒项离散格式以及体积分数发展方程的迎风格式.进一步,通过改变分裂步顺序,构造了稳健的结合算子分裂的三阶TVD龙格-库塔方法.最后通过几个一维和二维高密度比高压力比气液两相流算例,显示了该方法在计算精度和稳健性上的改进效果.      

STACER伸展变形的一种计算方法

STACER是一种航天器上广泛应用的伸展机构,其储能部件由薄壁钢带经冷加工涡卷最终成型为螺旋管状.由于伸展长度可达装载高度的几十倍,钢带在展开过程中呈现为大挠度、大应变形变,机构伸展力的计算必然涉及强非线性问题;同时,钢带的构型、边界条件在伸展过程中不断变化,这些因素又增加了问题的难度,致使常用的商业软件已无法直接处理此类问题.此研究工作应用变分方法的思想,以研究钢带变形的几何特性为基础,构造出钢带构型恰当的可能函数空间,并利用形状函数随伸展长度的变化规律求出钢带的主应变以及变形能,再利用势能极小原理,确定出钢带的真实构型以及相应的变形能,最终利用变形能和虚功原理得出伸展力.这一方法既可以简化计算又可以得到钢带形状函数、伸展力的近似解析式,为伸展力影响因素的定量分析提供了条件.     

SEMI-ANALYTICAL AND SEMI-NUMERICAL METHOD FOR DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF FOUNDATION

A semi-analytical and semi-numerical method is proposed for the dynamic analysis of foundations. The Lamb's solution and the approximate formulae were used to establish the relation of the contact force and deflection between the foundation and soil. Therefore, the foundation can be separated from soil and analyzed by FEM as for the static cases. The plate can be treated as that the known forces are acting on the upper surface, and the contact pressure from soil can be represented as the deflection. So that only the plate needs to be divided into elements in the analysis. By this method, a series of vibration problems, including various shapes and rigidities of foundations, different excitation frequencies, were analyzed. Furthermore, it can be used for the embedded foundation. The numerical examples show that this method has simplicity, highly accurate and versatile. It is an effective method for the dynamic analysis of foundations.     

A simplified analysis on buckling of stressed and pressurized thin films on substrates

This paper is concerned with effect of mismatched pressure on buckling of stressed thin films on a semi-infinite rigid substrate. Analytical approximate solutions are established in explicit form by using total potential energy of the system and the Rayleigh–Ritz’s method, and their stabilities have also been determined. The dependences of the critical stress and film-center deflection on the mismatched pressure have been formulated. Results are compared with exact or numerical shooting solutions, and excellent agreements are observed for a large range of film-center deflection. These expressions are brief and can easily be used to derive the effects of various parameters on mechanical behavior of films.     

THE ANALYSIS OF THE ENTIRE ELASTO-PLASTIC PROCESS OF A BEAM WITH ONE DEGREE OF INDETERMINACY UNDER A CONCENTRATED LOAD

对跨中集中载荷作用下一次超静定梁的弹塑性加载和变形全过程进行了分析。根据受力变形特点,集中载荷作用下一次超静定梁的加载过程可分为4 个阶段,分别是弹性阶段、固支端附近塑性变形区扩展阶段、固支端和集中载荷作用点附近塑性变形区双扩展阶段、固支端保持为塑性铰同时附近卸载而集中载荷作用点附近塑性变形区继续扩展直至形成第2 个塑性铰阶段。在弹性阶段,弯矩内力和挠度与外载荷是线性比例关系,在第2,3 两个阶段,弯矩和挠度与外载荷是复杂的非线性关系,在第4 阶段,弯矩与外载荷是线性关系但不是比例关系而挠度与外载荷是更为复杂的非线性关系。给出了全过程任意点的弯矩和挠度计算公式,可供结构设计参考应用。     

RESEARCH DEVELOPMENTS OF SMOOTHED PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS METHOD AND ITS COUPLING WITH FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

拉格朗日型的有限元法和光滑粒子法在模拟材料大变形问题时各存优缺点, 而有限元与光滑粒子耦合算法实现了在小变形区域采用有限元法计算, 在局部的大变形区域采用光滑粒子法计算, 有效地综合了有限元法计算效率高和光滑粒子法能够自然地模拟材料大变形问题的特点.重点论述了有限元法、光滑粒子法以及有限元与光滑粒子耦合算法的研究现状及应用进展, 并讨论了各方法中需要进一步解决的问题.最后通过算例对3种方法的计算精度和计算效率进行了分析, 供研究人员参考.     

C1连续型广义有限元格式

C$^{1}$连续,即一阶导数连续.C$^{1}$连续型插值格式具有同时适用于离散PDE的弱形式与强形式的优点--即一种插值格式可以在使用PDE弱形式还是强形式之间做出选择,从而构造出更加高效的数值方法.由于单位分解广义有限元方法 (PUFEM, Babu${\check{ s}}$ka andMelenk(1997)),允许用户根据局部解的特征自定义任意高阶局部近似,具有精度高、程序实现与传统有限元相容性好的特点而受到广泛关注.但是,其总体近似函数的光滑性是由其所采用的单位分解函数--一般为标准有限元形函数--的光滑性所决定,因此多为C$^{0}$连续.如何在C$^{0}$连续标准有限元形函数的基础上,构造出满足C$^{1}$连续的总体近似函数,是一个仍未解决的问题.本文在作者前期研究的无额外自由度的单位分解插值格式的基础上,仅基于C$^{0}$标准有限元形函数,构造出至少C$^{1}$连续的无额外自由度单位分解格式.针对Poisson方程,讨论了该格式对PDE弱形式与强形式的离散.测试结果表明,方法可以同时用于弱形式与强形式的数值求解,而且可以在不改变网格和自由度数的前提下,获得高阶收敛.使用该插值格式的条件是:网格须是直角坐标网格(不要求均匀).该插值格式可以同时用于流体力学问题和使用欧拉背景网格求解动量方程的固体力学方法,如材料物质点法(materialpoint method).对于强形式的欧拉网格求解,该插值格式与"差分"不同之处在于,它具有有限元一样的在任意点处进行"插值"的特点.对于弱形式的积分求解,由于该插值格式具有导数连续性,可以允许积分网格独立于插值网格.这一特点将使得弱形式的数值积分的实施更加灵活方便.      

强脉冲载荷作用下结构塑性大变形的最大挠度直接预测

经过多年的研究,由中国学者提出和研发的膜力因子法和饱和分析方法已被证明是分析和预测冲击、爆炸等强动载荷作用下梁、板等结构件的塑性大变形行为的有力工具.在这两套理论工具相结合所获得的一系列最新成果的基础上,文章提出一种对梁和板在强脉冲作用下的最大挠度的直接预测方法.考虑了膜力和弯矩相互作用的准确屈服条件,同时假定位移场近似地按照与准静态破损机构相似的模态发生变化,该方法直接从膜力因子的表达式出发,依据外载作的功与塑性耗散相等的能量条件,只需要求解初等方程就可以简单明晰地得到梁和板在矩形脉冲作用下的最大挠度,极大地简化了数学推导.与同时考虑准确屈服条件和瞬态响应阶段的完全解以及具有上下界的模态解相比,这一方法能够同样准确但更简单地计入膜力对结构大变形承载能力的效应,为工程设计提供比完全解更简明、比模态解更精准的梁和板最大塑性变形的估算公式;再同改进的脉冲等效技术相结合,这种直接预测方法有望进一步拓展到更复杂的结构件,获得广泛的工程应用.     

VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLES WITH DUAL MIXED VARIABLE AND APPLICATIONS FOR STRAIGHT BEAMS WITH LARGE DEFLECTION

本文在功的互等定理的基础上,利用位移和应力作为变分变量的二类混合变量的最小势能原理和最小势作用量原理来求解大挠度直梁变形稳定问题,将所得结果与有限元模拟结果进行对比分析,验证了给出的方法的可行性和计算结果的准确性。给出的方法简单灵活,结果准确,为解决大挠度直梁问题提供了新的解决途径,不仅具有一定的理论意义,而且可以直接应用于实际工程中。     

Large deflection and post-buckling analysis of non-linearly elastic rods by wavelet method

We propose a wavelet method in the present study to analyze the large deflection bending and post-buckling problems of rods composed of non-linearly elastic materials, which are governed by a class of strong non-linear differential equations. This wavelet method is established based on a modified wavelet approximation of an interval bounded L²-function, which provides a new method for the large deflection bending and post-buckling problems of engineering structures. As an example, in this study, we considered the rod structures of non-linear materials that obey the Ludwick and the modified Ludwick constitutive laws. The numerical results for both large deflection bending and post-buckling problems are presented, illustrating the convergence and accuracy of the wavelet method. For the former, the wavelet solutions are more accurate than the finite element method and the shooting method embedded with the Euler method. For the latter, both bifurcation and limit loads can be easily and directly obtained by solving the extended systems. On the other hand, for the shooting method embedded with Runge–Kutta method, to obtain these values usually needs to choose a good starting value and repeat trial solutions many times, which can be a tough task.     

A simple method for determining large deflection states of arbitrarily curved planar elastica

The paper discusses a relatively simple method for determining large deflection states of arbitrarily curved planar elastica, which is modeled by a finite set of initially straight flexible segments. The basic equations are built using Euler–Bernoulli and large displacement theory. The problem is solved numerically using Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg integration method and Newton method for solving systems of nonlinear equations. This solution technique is tested on several numerical examples. From a comparison of the results obtained and those found in the literature, it can be concluded that the developed method is efficient and gives accurate results. The solution scheme displayed can serve as reference tool to test results obtained via more complex algorithms.