接触碰撞动力学的多变量选取方法

在柔性多体的接触碰撞动力学问题中,多变量方法基于附加约束的接触模型,将柔性体的变形用不同变量来描述：接触局部区域的变形用有限元节点坐标描述,非接触局部区域的变形用模态坐标描述,兼顾了计算精度和效率. 将该方法推广到三维空间碰撞问题,对两柔性杆纵向碰撞过程进行动力学仿真,数值结果与实验结果吻合良好,验证了该方法的有效性. 针对柔性体各自区域的变量如何选取的问题,研究了节点取法、模态阶数以及材料参数对计算结果精度的影响,寻找到合理的多变量选取方法,保证精度的同时使自由度得到最大程度的缩减.     

Interaction of a die with a layered elastic foundation

Plane and axisymmetric contact problems for a three-layer elastic half-space are considered. The plane problem is reduced to a singular integral equation of the first kind whose approximate solution is obtained by a modified Multhopp-Kalandiya method of collocation. The axisymmetric problem is reduced to an integral Fredholm equation of the second kind whose approximate solution is obtained by a specially developed method of collocation over the nodes of the Legendre polynomial. An axisymmetric contact problem for an transversely isotropic layer completely adherent to an elastic isotropic half-space is also considered. Examples of calculating the characteristic integral quantities are given. __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 47, No. 3, pp. 165–175, May–June, 2006.     

Contact-impact formulation for multi-body systems using component mode synthesis

The efficiency and accuracy are two most concerned issues in the modeling and simulation of multi-body systems involving contact and impact. This paper proposed a formulation based on the component mode synthesis method for planar contact problems of flexible multi-body systems. A flexible body is divided into two parts： a contact zone and an un-contact zone. For the un-contact zone, by using the fixed-interface substructure method as reference, a few low-order modal coordinates are used to replace the nodal coordinates of the nodes, and meanwhile, the nodal coordinates of the local impact region are kept unchanged, therefore the total degrees of freedom （DOFs） are greatly cut down and the computational cost of the simulation is significantly reduced. By using additional constraint method, the impact constraint equations and kinematic constraint equations are derived, and the Lagrange equations of the first kind of flexible multi-body system are obtained. The impact of an elastic beam with a fixed half disk is simulated to verify the efficiency and accuracy of this method.     

含摩擦与碰撞平面多刚体系统动力学线性互补算法

基于接触力学理论和线性互补问题的算法, 给出了一种含接触、碰撞以及库伦干摩擦, 同时具有理想定常约束(铰链约束) 和非定常约束(驱动约束) 的平面多刚体系统动力学的建模与数值计算方法. 将系统中的每个物体视为刚体, 但考虑物体接触点的局部变形, 将物体间的法向接触力表示成嵌入量与嵌入速度的非线性函数,其切向摩擦力采用库伦干摩擦模型. 利用摩擦余量和接触点的切向加速度等概念, 给出了摩擦定律的互补关系式; 并利用事件驱动法, 将接触点的黏滞-滑移状态切换的判断及黏滞状态下摩擦力的计算问题转化成线性互补问题的求解. 利用第一类拉格朗日方程和鲍姆加藤约束稳定化方法建立了系统的动力学方程, 由此可降低约束的漂移, 并可求解该系统的运动、法向接触力和切向摩擦力, 还可以求解理想铰链约束力和驱动约束力. 最后以一个类似夯机的平面多刚体系统为例, 分析了其动力学特性, 并说明了相关算法的有效性.      

基于模态缩减和模态实验数据的结构连接参数识别方法

利用在结构系统可测自由度上获得的不完备模态参数和子结构的有限元模型，根据模态缩减理论，建立了识别子结构间连接子结构参数的优化模型，采用逐次二次规划法求解，改善了测试噪声和模态截断误差的影响。该方法识别精度高、收敛速度快、计算量小，便于工程应用。     

NON-INTERIOR SMOOTHING ALGORITHM FOR FRICTIONAL CONTACT PROBLEMS

A new algorithm for solving the three-dimensional elastic contact problem with friction is presented. The algorithm is a non-interior smoothing algorithm based on an NCP-function. The parametric variational principle and parametric quadratic programming method were applied to the analysis of three-dimensional frictional contact problem. The solution of the contact problem was finally reduced to a linear complementarity problem, which was reformulated as a system of nonsmooth equations via an NCP-function. A smoothing approximation to the nonsmooth equations was given by the aggregate function. A Newton method was used to solve the resulting smoothing nonlinear equations. The algorithm presented is easy to understand and implement. The reliability and efficiency of this algorithm are demonstrated both by the numerical experiments of LCP in mathematical way and the examples of contact problems in mechanics.     

CRACK FACE CONTACT PROBLEM ANALYSIS USING THE SCALED BOUNDARY FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

比例边界有限元侧面上有任意荷载时,将侧面载荷分解成关于径向方向局部坐标的多项式函数的和,推导给出了考虑侧面载荷存在的新型形函数,并基于该形函数推导了刚度矩阵和等效节点载荷列阵.首次对比例边界有限元法求解裂纹面接触问题进行了研究,运用Lagrange乘子引入接触界面约束条件,推导给出了比例边界有限元求解裂纹面接触问题的控制方程.将裂纹面单元分为非裂尖单元和含有侧面的裂尖单元.在非裂尖单元中的裂纹面,裂纹面作为多边形单元的边界,边界上的接触力可等效到节点上,通过在节点上构造Lagrange乘子,采用点对点接触约束进行处理.对于含有侧面的裂尖单元,在整个侧面上构造Lagrange乘子的插值场,采用边对边接触约束进行处理.对三个不同的接触约束状态下的算例进行了数值计算,通过与解析解及有限元软件ABAQUS计算结果的对比,验证了本文提出的比例边界有限元点对点和边对边接触求解裂纹面接触问题的精确性与有效性.     

The symmetrical adhesive contact problem for circular elastic cylinders

The rolling contact problem involving circular cylinders is at the heart of numerous industrial processes, and critical to any elastohydrodynamic lubrication analysis is an accurate knowledge of the associated contact pressure for the static dry problem. In a recent article [1] the authors have obtained new horizontal pressure distributions, both exact and approximate for various problems involving the symmetrical contact of circular elastic cylinders. In [1] it is assumed that only the circumferential horizontal displacement is prescribed in the contact region while the vertical circumferential displacement is left arbitrary and is assumed to take on whatever value is predicted by the deformation. The advantage of this assumption is that the problem reduces to a single singular integral equation which by transformations can be simplified to an integral equation involving the standard finite Hilbert transform. Here we consider the more general displacement boundary value problem within the contact region, and to be specific we examine the problem with zero vertical circumferential displacement and prescribed horizontal circumferential displacement. The solution of this problem involves two coupled singular integral equations for the horizontal and vertical pressure distributions. Basic equations and some approximate analytical solutions are obtained for symmetrical contact of circular elastic cylinders by both parallel plates and circular cylinders which are either rigid or elastic. Numerical results for the approximate analytical solutions are given for contact by rigid parallel plates and rigid circular cylinders.     

Numerical method for optimum motion of undulatory swimming plate in fluid flow

A numerical method for the optimum motion of an undulatory swimming plate is presented. The optimum problem is stated as minimizing the power input under the condition of fixed thrust. The problem is singular for the invisible modes, and therefore the commonly used Lagrange multiplier method cannot predict an optimum solution but just a saddle point. To eliminate the singularity, an additional amplitude inequality constraint is added to the problem. A numerical optimization code with a sequential quadratic programming method is used to solve the problem. The method is applied to several cases of the motion of two-dimensional and three-dimensional undulatory plates, and the optimum results are obtained.     

接触分析的光滑模型及迭代算法

利用变分不等式和基于信息熵的凝聚函数把有摩擦接触问题模型化为一个标准的凸二次规划问题,极大地简化了这一复杂的问题,同时引入摩擦方向约束并构造了以无摩擦解为初值的迭代算法,在较摩擦系数时计算也能保证收敛,算例表明算法高效可靠。     

Fretting contact of two elastic solids with graded coatings under torsion

In this paper, the fretting contact problem for two elastic solids with graded coatings is investigated. We assume a conventional axisymmetric Hertzian contact takes place between two elastic solids under the action of the normal pressure. The application of the torque produces an annulus of slip. It is assumed that the surface shear traction within the contact area is limited by Coulomb’s friction law and the torsion angel was produced within the central adhesion zone as a rigid body. The linear multi-layer model is used to model the functionally graded coating with arbitrarily varying shear modulus. This model divides the coating into a series of sub-layers with the elastic modulus varying linearly in each sub-layer and continuous on the sub-interfaces. By using the transfer matrix method and Hankel integral transform technique, this problem is formulated as the solution of the Cauchy singular integral equations. The contact tractions are calculated by solving the equations numerically. The results show that the appropriate gradual variation of the shear modulus can significantly alter the contact tractions. Therefore, graded coatings may have potential applications in improving the resistance to fretting contact damage at the contact surfaces.     

摩擦接触弹塑性分析的数学规划法

本文提出摩擦接触弹塑性分析的数学规划法,是弹性接触问题解法的推广,使之能处理比例加载时的塑性效应。利用所导出接触问题总刚度阵的逆,结合参变量线性互补公式,仍可消去由接触单元而引入的惩罚因子。于是,可以获得一个弹塑性问题、弹性接触和弹塑性接触问题的有限元参数二次规划法模型。所选的几个实例说明了方法的实用性。     

地震反应分析中Caughey阻尼系数的优化解

传统方法建立Caughey阻尼矩阵时,存在选择多个合理参考频率及避免负模态阻尼比的问题。为此,基于地震反应谱分析,以结构的峰值位移误差最小为优化目标,将模态阻尼比大于零为约束条件,提出了优化Caughey阻尼系数的约束二次规划方法。然后,以一个直径90米,高15米的穹顶结构为例,讨论说明当结构的显著贡献模态多且不同动力反应相关显著贡献模态的频率有巨大差异时,采用Caughey阻尼矩阵的必要性。同时,分析比较了传统方法和优化方法对结构地震反应误差的影响。计算结果表明：传统方法选择的参考频率忽略了不同模态对动力反应贡献的差别,动力反应的计算误差无法有效控制;优化方法可使显著贡献模态的阻尼比合理,因此,对于4阶以上Caughey级数,优化方法的计算误差都小于传统方法。     

Two non-elliptical inhomogeneities with internal uniform stresses interacting with a mode-III crack

We use the method of Green's functions to analyze an inverse problem in which we aim to identify the shapes of two non-elliptical elastic inhomogeneities, embedded in an infinite matrix subjected to uniform remote stress, which enclose uniform stress distributions despite their interaction with a finite mode-III crack. The problem is reduced to an equivalent Cauchy singular integral equation, which is solved numerically using the Gauss–Chebyshev integration formula. The shapes of the two inhomogeneities and the corresponding location of the crack can then be determined by identifying a conformal mapping composed in part of a real density function obtained from the solution of the aforementioned singular integral equation. Several examples are given to demonstrate the solution.     

摩擦接触问题的比例边界等几何B可微方程组方法

摩擦接触问题是计算力学领域最具挑战性的问题之一,接触系统的泛函具有非线性、非光滑的特点,导致接触算法的收敛性与精确性难以保证.因此将比例边界等几何分析(scaled boundary isogeometric analysis,SBIGA)与B可微方程组(B dierential equation,BDE)相结合,提出了求解二维摩擦接触问题的比例边界等几何B可微方程组方法.在比例边界等几何坐标变换的基础上,通过虚功原理推导了关于边界控制点变量的接触平衡方程,表示成B可微方程组形式的接触条件可被严格满足,求解B可微方程组的算法的收敛性有理论保证.此比例边界等几何B可微方程组方法(SBIGA-BDE)只需在接触体边界进行等几何离散,使问题降低一维,能精确描述接触边界,并可通过节点插入算法进行真实接触区域的识别.此外,由于几何建模和数值分析使用相同的基函数,节约了划分网格的时间.以赫兹接触问题和悬臂梁摩擦接触问题为例,通过与解析解及数值计算软件ANSYS计算结果进行对比,验证了该方法求解二维摩擦接触问题的有效性及高精度等特点.      

Bulk-stress effects in double contacts of similar elastic materials

The effects of a remote applied stress on double contacts of similar elastic materials are examined using a numerical method based on Cauchy singular integral equations (SIE). In contrast to single contacts, the space of possible shear configurations is very rich. In many cases, the partial slip problem does not have a contact equivalent. An equation based on displacement continuity is derived to relate the stick-zone extents for any shear configuration; this equation is essential for the solution of general partial slip problems involving two stick-zones. A shear configuration map that shows the types of partial slip solution that occur for various shear load-remote bulk-stress combinations is obtained for biquadratic indenters. Lastly, it is shown that it is possible to predict the shear configuration in some cases for double cylindrical indenters.     

Two-dimensional contact mechanics of functionally graded materials with arbitrary spatial variations of material properties

A multi-layered model for frictionless contact analysis of functionally graded materials (FGMs) with arbitrarily varying elastic modulus under plane strain-state deformation has been developed. Based on the fact that an arbitrary curve can be approached by a series of continuous but piecewise linear curves, the FGM is divided into several sub-layers and in each sub-layers the shear modulus is assumed to be linear function while the Poisson’s ratio is assumed to be a constant. With the model, the frictionless contact problem of a functionally graded coated half-space is investigated. By using the transfer matrix method and Fourier integral transform technique, the problem is reduced to a Cauchy singular integral equation. The contact pressure, contact region and indentation are calculated for various indenters by solving the equations numerically.     

单侧接触约束下桁架拓扑优化的若干结果

对考虑应力和无摩擦单侧接触位移约束的桁架拓扑优化问题进行了研究,采用解析方法,通过对典型算例不同初始接触间隙下的拓扑优化解的讨论,发现这一优化问题中存在解不唯一现象,研究也表明,接触状态对结构拓扑有一定影响,不同初始接触间隙可能导致不同的拓扑结构,对利用数值方法该问题进行了研究,为克服结构拓扑优化中奇异最优解问题,采用ε松弛方法建立桁架拓扑优化模型列式,并利用双层优化方法求解本拓扑优化问题,第一层,通过求解与原接触问题等价的二次规划问题来进行结构接触分析;第二层,利用第一层得到的位移及应力,采用ε-松弛方法进行结构拓扑优化。     

参变量变分原理的提出、发展与应用

参变量变分原理及其参数二次规划算法是由钟万勰院士1985年针对弹性接触边界非线性问题首次提出来的,经过将近40年的不断发展,目前参变量变分原理已经成功应用于各个领域,其中包括弹塑性分析、接触问题、润滑力学、岩土力学、变刚度杆系结构、先进材料性能分析、材料的蠕变与损伤、柔性结构力学和LQ最优控制等各个工程领域。本文首先回顾了参变量变分原理的起源,介绍了参变量变分原理的基本概念,然后以弹塑性分析问题为例,阐明建立参变量变分原理的理论模型以及实现数值参数二次规划求解原理,最后详细回顾了参变量变分原理的基本理论与相应数值算法在各个领域的发展及其工程应用,展示了参变量变分原理在求解各类非线性问题的特色与优势。     

非光滑方程组方法在求解非匹配网格接触问题中的应用

将非光滑方程组方法与Mortar StS接触模型(Mortar Segment-to-Segment)相结合,来求解接触面网格非匹配时的弹性接触问题.其中,非光滑方程组方法是求解弹性摩擦接触问题的有效方法,具有精确满足接触条件、迭代算法收敛性有理论保证的优点,但目前仅用于求解网格匹配的接触问题.Mortar StS接触模型可以较为方便地处理网格非匹配接触问题,其特点是不引入过多约束,满足接触分片检验条件,但目前大都采用“试验-误差”迭代方法求解控制方程,对于复杂接触问题,其收敛性不易保证.因此,将二者结合来处理网格非匹配接触问题,既可以提高求解精度,又能使得算法的收敛性得到理论保证.数值算例对接触分片检验和算法的计算精度进行了验证.