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1.
传统的试井模型与物质平衡方程都是不一致的.在非线性偏微分方程中,根据弱可压缩液体的假设,忽略二次梯度项,在试井较长时间内将产生误差.由于二次梯度项的存在,描述多孔介质微可压缩液体流动的压力分布的偏微分方程是非线性的.本文对三重介质渗流特征系统,保留了非线性偏微分方程中的所有项,没有忽略二次梯度项,建立了由基岩系统、裂缝系统及溶洞系统组成的考虑井筒储集和表皮效应对压力影响的三孔双渗模型.采用一阶向前差分,二阶中心差分的方法获得了此类三重介质模型的差分方程,用解非线性方程组的Newton迭代法求得了方程组的数值解.分别讨论了三重介质的参数变化时的无因次压力的变化规律,做出了典型无因次压力曲线图.  相似文献   

2.
低渗透多孔介质渗流动边界模型的解析与数值解   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
考虑启动压力梯度的低渗透多孔介质非达西渗流模型属于强非线性动边界问题, 分别利用相似变量变换方法和基于空间坐标变换的有限差分方法, 对内边界变压力情况下、考虑启动压力梯度的一维低渗透多孔介质非达西渗流动边界模型进行了精确解析与数值求解研究. 研究结果表明:该动边界模型存在唯一的精确解析解, 且所求得的精确解析解可严格验证数值解的正确性;且当启动压力梯度值趋于零时, 非达西渗流动边界模型的精确解析解将退化为达西渗流情况下的精确解析解. 由求解结果作出的非零无因次启动压力梯度下的地层压力分布曲线表现出紧支性特点, 其与达西渗流模型的有显著不同. 因此, 研究低渗透多孔介质中非稳态渗流问题时, 应该考虑动边界的影响. 研究内容完善了低渗透多孔介质的非达西渗流力学理论, 为低渗透油气藏开发的试井解释与油藏数值模拟技术提供了理论基础.  相似文献   

3.
变形双重介质广义流动分析   总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21  
对于碳酸盐油藏和低渗油藏的渗流问题,传统的研究方法都是假设地层渗透率是常数,这假设,对于地层渗透率是压力敏感的情况,对压力的空间变化和瞬时变化将导致较大的误差。本文研究了应力敏感地层中双重介质渗流问题的压力不稳定响应,不仅考虑了储层的双重介质特征,而且考虑了应力敏感地层中介质的变形,建立了应力敏感地层双重介质的数学模型,渗透率依赖于孔隙压力变化的流动方程是强非线性的,采用Douglas-Jones预估-校正法获得了只有裂缝发生形变定产量生产时无限大地层的数值解及定产量生产岩块与裂隙同时发生形变时无限大地层的数值解,并探讨了变形参数和双重介质参数变化时压力的变化规律,给出几种情况下典型压力曲线图版,这些结果可用于实际试井分析。  相似文献   

4.
不仅考虑低渗透油藏具有启动压力梯度的渗流特征,还考虑应力敏感地层中介质的变形;发展了Cinco-Ley H.提出的有限导流垂直裂缝井双线性流理论,将流体在垂直裂缝与地层中形成的流动划分为两个区域—垂直裂缝中的线性流区域和变形三重介质低渗透油藏中的非线性流区域;由此建立了变形三重介质低渗透油藏有限导流垂直裂缝井的非线性流...  相似文献   

5.
三孔单渗模型数值模拟研究   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
保留了非线性偏微分方程中的所有项,没有忽略二次梯度项的影响。建立了由基岩、裂缝及溶洞系统组成的三孔单渗模型。采用有限差分的方法获得了无限大地层定产量生产、有界封闭地层定产量生产和有界封闭地层定压生产时的三孔单渗模型的差分方程,用解非线性方程组的Broyder迭代法求得了方程组的数值解。分别讨论了三重介质参数变化时的压力变化规律,并考虑了井筒储集和表皮效应对压力的影响,做出了典型压力曲线图。  相似文献   

6.
低渗透煤层气藏中气-水两相不稳定渗流动态分析   总被引:5,自引:4,他引:1  
刘文超  刘曰武 《力学学报》2017,49(4):828-835
针对低渗透煤层渗流问题,考虑启动压力梯度及其引起的动边界和动边界内吸附气解吸作用的渗流模型研究目前仅限于单相流,而更符合实际的气-水两相渗流动边界模型未见报道.本文综合考虑了煤层吸附气的解吸作用、气-水两相渗流、非达西渗流、地层应力敏感等影响因素,进行了低渗透煤层的气-水两相渗流模型研究.采用了试井技术中的"分相处理"方法,修正了两相渗流的综合压缩系数和流度,并基于含气饱和度呈线性递减分布的假设,建立了煤层气藏的气-水两相渗流耦合模型.该数学模型不仅可以描述由于低渗透煤层中渗流存在启动压力梯度而产生的可表征煤层有效动用范围随时间变化的移动边界,还可以描述煤层有效动用范围内吸附气的解吸现象以及吸附气解吸作用所引起的煤层含气饱和度的上升;为了提高模型精度,控制方程还保留了二次压力梯度项.采用了稳定的全隐式有限差分方法进行了模型的数值求解,并验证了数值计算方法的正确性,获得了模型关于瞬时井底压力与压力导数响应的双对数特征曲线,由此分析了各渗流参数的敏感性影响.本文研究结果可为低渗透煤层气藏开发的气-水两相流试井技术提供渗流力学的理论基础.  相似文献   

7.
缝洞型油藏三维离散缝洞数值试井模型   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4  
缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏发育着大尺度的溶洞和裂缝,非均质性极强,缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏问题的研究成为了世界级难题之一.由于大尺度溶洞和裂缝对储层的流体流动起主导作用,因此,基于连续介质理论的双重介质或三重介质模型已不适合其中流体流动的描述.根据大型缝洞分布地质特征,探索性地提出了一种板块组合的复合架构离散缝洞模型描述该类油藏中的流体流动,将三维空间大裂缝用板块描述,溶洞用高渗透率和高孔隙度不规则多面体团块描述.将裂缝面用二维三角形单元离散, 溶洞和基质用三维四面体离散, 利用三维混合单元有限元法对建立的不定常渗流模型进行求解,得到了三维渗流条件下的试井理论曲线及压力场分布.通过对试井理论曲线特征的分析, 获得了各敏感参数对试井曲线的影响规律.通过对1口井的实际测试资料解释结果的分析,并与实际地震反射资料及生产实际资料的对比,发现本文所建立的模型可以较好地反映裂缝和溶洞的地质动态状况,并与实际生产状况具有较好的一致性.这一结果说明了所建模型的正确性以及测试资料分析结果的可靠性.  相似文献   

8.
动边界双重介质油藏低速非达西渗流试井模型   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1  
裂缝性油藏中基质岩块的渗透率一般很低,大量岩心测试实验证实在基质岩块内的液体渗流和在一定含水饱和度下的气体渗流将偏离达西渗流,往往出现低速非达西渗流,表现出启动压力梯度以及流体流动边界不断向外扩展等特殊现象。本文充分考虑启动压力梯度与动边界的影响,建立了微可压缩双重介质油藏低速非达西渗流的试井数学模型,对时间和空间变量...  相似文献   

9.
基于爆炸压裂裂缝分布规律,提出爆炸压裂缝网双重介质复合流动产能模型,应用Laplace变换Stehfest数值反演,得到了定压条件下封闭外边界低渗透油藏爆炸压裂生产井产能表达式。在模型正确性验证的基础上结合某低渗透油藏储层特征参数研究了爆炸压裂改造区域参数对封闭边界油藏产量的影响,同时对爆炸压裂改造改造体积优化设计进行了研究。研究结果表明,爆炸压裂改造区域半径主要影响生产中期产能,改造区域渗透率对生产早期和中期影响比较大,且对于实例油藏爆炸压裂改造比为0.1时效果最好。  相似文献   

10.
裂缝性低渗透油藏流-固耦合理论与数值模拟   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
根据裂缝性低渗油藏的储层特征,建立适合裂缝性砂岩油藏渗流的等效连续介质模型。将渗流力学与弹塑性力学相结合,建立裂缝性低渗透油藏的流-固耦合渗流数学模型,并给出其数值解.通过数值模拟对一实际井网开发过程中孔隙度、渗透率的变化以及开发指标进行计算,并和刚性模型以及双重介质模型的计算结果进行了分析比较.  相似文献   

11.
The mathematical model for transient fluid flow in porous media is based in general on mass conservation principle. Because of the small compressibility of formation fluid, the quadratic term of pressure gradient is always ignored to linearize the non-linear diffusion equation. This may result in significant errors in model prediction, especially at large time scale. In order to solve this problem, it may be necessary to keep the quadratic term in the non-linear equations. In our study, the quadratic term is reserved to fully describe the transient fluid flow. Based on this rigorous treatment, the mathematical models are established to analyze the transient flow behavior in a double porosity, fractal reservoir with spherical and cylindrical matrix. In addition, Laplace transformation method is employed to solve these mathematical models and the type curves are provided to analyze the pressure transient characteristics. This study indicates that the relative errors in calculated pressure caused by ignoring the quadratic term may amount to 10?% in a fractal reservoir with double porosity, which can??t be neglected in general for fractal reservoirs with double porosity at large time scale.  相似文献   

12.
The models of the nonlinear radial flow for the infinite and finite reservoirs including a quadratic gradient term were presented. The exact solution was given in real space for flow equation including quadratic gradiet term for both constant-rate and constant pressure production cases in an infinite system by using generalized Weber transform.Analytical solutions for flow equation including quadratic gradient term were also obtained by using the Hankel transform for a finite circular reservoir case. Both closed and constant pressure outer boundary conditions are considered. Moreover, both constant rate and constant pressure inner boundary conditions are considered. The difference between the nonlinear pressure solution and linear pressure solution is analyzed. The difference may be reached about 8% in the long time. The effect of the quadratic gradient term in the large time well test is considered.  相似文献   

13.
A relatively high formation pressure gradient can exist in seepage flow in low-permeable porous media with a threshold pressure gradient, and a significant error may then be caused in the model computation by neglecting the quadratic pressure gradient term in the governing equations. Based on these concerns, in consideration of the quadratic pressure gradient term, a basic moving boundary model is constructed for a one-dimensional seepage flow problem with a threshold pressure gradient. Owing to a strong nonlinearity and the existing moving boundary in the mathematical model, a corresponding numerical solution method is presented. First, a spatial coordinate transformation method is adopted in order to transform the system of partial differential equations with moving boundary conditions into a closed system with fixed boundary conditions; then the solution can be stably numerically obtained by a fully implicit finite-difference method. The validity of the numerical method is verified by a published exact analytical solution. Furthermore, to compare with Darcy’s flow problem, the exact analytical solution for the case of Darcy’s flow considering the quadratic pressure gradient term is also derived by an inverse Laplace transform. A comparison of these model solutions leads to the conclusion that such moving boundary problems must incorporate the quadratic pressure gradient term in their governing equations; the sensitive effects of the quadratic pressure gradient term tend to diminish, with the dimensionless threshold pressure gradient increasing for the one-dimensional problem.  相似文献   

14.
The pore and pore-throat sizes of shale and tight rock formations are on the order of tens of nanometers. The fluid flow in such small pores is significantly affected by walls of pores and pore-throats. This boundary layer effect on fluid flow in tight rocks has been investigated through laboratory work on capillary tubes. It is observed that low permeability is associated with large boundary layer effect on fluid flow. The experimental results from a single capillary tube are extended to a bundle of tubes and finally to porous media of tight formations. A physics-based, non-Darcy low-velocity flow equation is derived to account for the boundary layer effect of tight reservoirs by adding a non-Darcy coefficient term. This non-Darcy equation describes the fluid flow more accurately for tight oil reservoir with low production rate and low pressure gradient. Both analytical and numerical solutions are obtained for the new non-Darcy flow model. First, a Buckley–Leverett-type analytical solution is derived with this non-Darcy flow equation. Then, a numerical model has been developed for implementing this non-Darcy flow model for accurate simulation of multidimensional porous and fractured tight oil reservoirs. Finally, the numerical studies on an actual field example in China demonstrate the non-negligible effect of boundary layer on fluid flow in tight formations.  相似文献   

15.
IntroductionTheflowtheoryanditsapplicationoffluidsflowinafractalreservoirhavecontinuallygonedeepintostudysinceChangandYortsos[1]builttheflowmodeloffluidthroughafractalreservoir.TONGDeng_ke[2 ]presentedtheexactsolutionanditspressurecharacteristicsfortheva…  相似文献   

16.
Fractures and faults are common features of many well-known reservoirs. They create traps, serve as conduits to oil and gas migration, and can behave as barriers or baffles to fluid flow. Naturally fractured reservoirs consist of fractures in igneous, metamorphic, sedimentary rocks (matrix), and formations. In most sedimentary formations both fractures and matrix contribute to flow and storage, but in igneous and metamorphic rocks only fractures contribute to flow and storage, and the matrix has almost zero permeability and porosity. In this study, we present a mesh-free semianalytical solution for pressure transient behavior in a 2D infinite reservoir containing a network of discrete and/or connected finite- and infinite-conductivity fractures. The proposed solution methodology is based on an analytical-element method and thus can be easily extended to incorporate other reservoir features such as sealing or leaky faults, domains with altered petrophysical properties (for example, fluid permeability or reservoir porosity), and complicated reservoir boundaries. It is shown that the pressure behavior of discretely fractured reservoirs is considerably different from the well-known Warren and Root dual-porosity reservoir model behavior. The pressure behavior of discretely fractured reservoirs shows many different flow regimes depending on fracture distribution, its intensity and conductivity. In some cases, they also exhibit a dual-porosity reservoir model behavior.  相似文献   

17.
石丽娜  同登科 《力学季刊》2006,27(2):206-211
为更好地研究碳酸盐油藏和低渗油的渗流问题,引入渗透率模数,考虑应力敏感地层中介质的变形,介质的双孔隙度、双渗秀率特征,同时考虑井筒储集的影响,建立新的数学模型。渗透率依赖于孔隙压力变化的流动方程是强非线性的,模型采用Douglas—Jones预估-校正法获得了无限大地层及有界封闭地层的数值解,形成了新的理论图版,并利用这些图版对模型中的有关参数进行了敏感性分析。  相似文献   

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