光弹性贴片法研究钢纤维活性粉末混凝土断裂性能

采用预制裂缝的三点弯曲试件,应用光弹性贴片法研究了不同纤维掺量活性粉末混凝土RPC200的断裂性能.实验获取了光弹贴片所显示的裂缝扩展全过程,由光弹性条纹分析了不同纤维掺量试件的初裂荷载及临界有效裂缝长度的变化规律.实验表明,利用光弹性贴片法可以有效的获取钢纤维混凝土裂缝扩展的全过程;随着钢纤维掺量的增加,试件的初裂荷载和峰值荷载得到相应提高,且峰值荷载呈近似线性的增加;当纤维掺量为1%时,临界有效裂缝长度值最大;纤维掺量继续增加,其分布均匀性下降,试件的韧性降低,临界有效裂缝长度减少.     

光弹贴片法在混凝土裂缝扩展过程研究中的应用

采用光弹性贴片法对平面尺寸为３．６×３．０，３．０×２．５，２．４×２．０，１．８×１．５，１．２×１．０，０．６×０．５ｍ＾２的巨型紧凑拉伸试件预制裂缝的起裂，稳定扩展至失稳破坏的全过程进行了系统的研究，实验结果表明，在试件高达１米以上的实验范围内，失稳破坏前裂缝稳定扩展长度几乎是一个稳定的常数值，且与试件初始缝长ａｏ无关。还发现，宏观裂缝的起裂早晚与初始缝长ａ０有关。     

混凝土三点弯曲梁裂缝断裂全过程数值模拟研究

考虑裂缝黏聚力的作用,基于Paris位移公式推导出混凝土三点弯曲梁裂缝扩展过程中断裂过程区上的裂缝张开位移的解析表达式.采用起裂韧度作为裂缝起裂及扩展的判断标准,提出了荷载作用下混凝土裂缝起裂、扩展及失稳破坏全过程的数值模拟方法,并分别与国内外断裂试验实测值及有限元计算值进行了比较.结果表明,本文提出的数值模拟方法形式简单且精度较好.     

光弹法实测正交异性双材料界面裂纹断裂参数

采用光弹贴片法实测正交异性双材料界面裂纹尖端区域的应力应变场， 进而求出界面裂纹的断裂力学参量. 将正交异性双材料板加工成拉伸试件，在聚碳酸酯贴片 的单侧表面镀金属铝膜，以提高贴片的反射效率. 沿贴片后的双材料界面预制裂缝，逐渐加 大载荷，得到一系列清晰的等差线条纹图. 利用正交异性双材料界面裂纹尖端应力分量表达 式计算出应力强度因子. 实验表明，光弹贴片法可有效地分析正交异性双材料界面裂纹问题.     

锈蚀疲劳耦合作用下钢筋混凝土梁性能退化试验

锈蚀疲劳的耦合作用会显著降低钢筋混凝土结构的使用寿命。为模拟锈蚀疲劳耦合作用对钢筋混凝土构件抗弯性能的影响,开展了三组不同情况下钢筋混凝土梁的疲劳试验:预先锈蚀后疲劳试验、盐溶液环境中疲劳试验和盐溶液通电环境中疲劳试验。研究了钢筋混凝土梁在疲劳荷载下的荷载-挠度关系、混凝土裂缝的发展规律,对比了不同试验环境下钢筋混凝土梁的疲劳寿命及破坏形态。试验结果表明,疲劳荷载下混凝土裂缝发展规律与环境相关,盐溶液中梁混凝土斜裂缝水平倾角较小,盐溶液通电梁混凝土裂缝扩展高度明显增大;锈蚀疲劳耦合作用加速了钢筋的疲劳裂纹扩展速率,使得混凝土疲劳模量下降,导致梁的刚度退化,疲劳寿命显著降低,且腐蚀环境作用越强,影响越显著;三种试验环境下钢筋混凝土梁的破坏形式未发生改变,均为主筋发生疲劳脆性断裂,在疲劳寿命简化分析中可将受力钢筋作为研究主体。本试验是对已有预锈蚀梁疲劳试验的补充和延伸,可为日后混凝土桥梁的腐蚀疲劳耦合作用建模提供试验基础。     

超静定连续梁弹塑性过程分析的单位荷载法

讨论了分析超静定连续梁弹塑性受力和变形全过程的单位荷载法,运用该方法分析了集中荷载作用下一次超静定两跨连续梁的弹塑性加载和变形全过程.根据受力变形的特点,集中荷载作用下两跨连续梁的弹塑性加载过程可分为四个阶段,分别是弹性阶段、集中荷载作用点附近塑性区扩展阶段、集中荷载作用点保持为塑性铰而附近区域线性卸载阶段、两跨连接点附近塑性区扩展直至形成第二个塑性铰阶段.给出了加载过程中各阶段的弯矩内力和竖向位移随外荷载而变化的解析公式.研究结果表明:在相同的单跨荷载工况下,连续梁的变形过程不同于单跨一次超静定梁,其塑性铰形成顺序不同,静定结构形成顺序不同,但塑性极限破坏荷载相同.     

应用新型动光弹系统研究某设备受冲击载荷作用

结构受到冲击时,其应力分布与在静荷载作用下完全不同.本丈应用新型动光弹实验系统研究了某设备在冲击载荷作用下其内部动态应力分布情况.该系统由部分传统的动光弹实验装置、高速摄影系统和数字光弹图像处理系统组成,并且采用激光光源、落锤冲击载荷加载装置.加工制作了该设备模型的光弹性模型,应用到冲击载荷作用下的实验研究中,得到了该...     

基于非齐次复合Poisson过程的正交异性钢桥面板细节疲劳裂纹随机扩展研究

传统的正交异性钢桥面板疲劳损伤评估常采用确定性和可靠性分析方法,忽略了疲劳裂纹扩展的随机性影响,针对这一问题,提出钢桥面板细节疲劳随机扩展分析方法。本文以南溪长江大桥为工程背景,基于长期车辆荷载监测数据,建立了车辆荷载非齐次复合Poisson过程模型。建立钢桥面板有限元模型,采用瞬态分析方法将随机车辆荷载转化成细节疲劳应力,基于线弹性断裂力学理论推导U肋-顶板焊接细节疲劳裂纹扩展时变微分方程,实现宏观关系式疲劳应力幅次数-疲劳损伤至微观表达式应力时间序列-疲劳损伤转换,讨论了车载次序及超载对疲劳裂纹扩展的影响。研究结果表明,非齐次复合泊松过程模型能够较好描述随机车流运营状态,车辆荷载的次序对疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响不可忽略,重车排序靠前时能够促使疲劳裂纹扩展增速,南溪长江大桥细节点的车辆超载迟滞效应修正系数取值0.804。     

基于扩展有限元法的混凝土断裂参数研究

基于扩展有限元法(XFEM),对混凝土三点弯曲梁的开裂过程进行数值模拟,获得加载全过程的荷载-裂缝口张开位移(P-CMOD)曲线以及裂缝扩展过程;对比数值模拟和试验获得的P-CMOD曲线发现,二者比较吻合,验证了数值模型的可靠性;通过XFEM和电子散斑干涉技术获得整个加载过程的断裂过程区(FPZ)长度,二者吻合程度较高,表明XFEM可用于预测FPZ长度;基于XFEM分析了初始缝高比对混凝土断裂参数的影响。结果表明:FPZ长度随着裂缝的扩展而增加,当FPZ完全发展后,其长度逐渐减小;峰值荷载时和发展完全时的FPZ长度均随初始缝高比的增大而减小;随着初始缝高比的增大,起裂韧度KIicn i基本不变,失稳韧度KIucn和临界裂缝尖端张开位移(CTODc)呈减小趋势。     

软弱地基上拱形围堰的光弹性研究

介绍目前水利水电工程设计中常遇到的软弱地基上拱形围堰的光弹性试验研究.其中包括异弹模组合模型浇制与粘结、水砂压荷载模拟及主要试验成果. 文中分析了在上述荷载作用下拱堰的受力特点和工作状态,探讨了低弹模基础和边界条件不对称性对堰体内力的作用和影响,提出了进一步改善应力和稳定条件的途径和措施.     

Preface: Current research progress on mechanics of high speed rail

The construction and operation of high-speed rail（HSR）grid within the past two decades in China,in terms of the scale,may be possibly comparable to any national-wide construction in the history of China,even the Great Wall.By counting railways with commercial train service at the speed of200 km/h,China has the world’s longest HSR network with over 19 369.8 km of track in service today and this number     

ACTA MECHANICA SINICA 2014 ANNUAL SUBJECT INDEX

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人造地震动合成中的位移误差分析

三角函数级数法是合成人工地震动常用算法之一,但是通过对加速度积分求取位移时,却存在与零线漂移相类似的位移漂移现象。     

Rainwater rivulets on a cable subject to windFilets d'eau de pluie sur un câble soumis au vent

Rainwater rivulets appear on inclined cables of cable-stayed bridges when wind and rain occur simultaneously. In a restricted range of parameters this is known to cause vibrations of high amplitudes on the cable. The mechanism underlying this effect is still under debate but the role of rainwater rivulets is certain. We use a standard lubrication model to analyse the dynamics of a water film on a cylinder under the effect of gravity and wind load. A simple criterion is then proposed for the appearance and position of rivulets, where the Froude number is the control parameter. Experiments with several geometries of cylinder covered with water in a wind tunnel show the evolution of the rivulets with the Froude number. Comparison of the prediction by the model with these experimental data shows that the main mechanism of rivulet formation and positioning is captured. To cite this article: C. Lemaitre et al., C. R. Mecanique 334 (2006).     

Hermitian space-time finite elements for estuarine mass transport

Space-time finite element solutions of the convection–dispersion equation using higher-order nodal continuity and Hermitian polynomial shape functions are described. Five separate elements ranging from a complete linear element with C^0,0 nodal continuity to a complete first-order Hermitian element with C^1,1 nodal continuity are subjected to detailed analysis. Wave deformation analyses identify the source of leading or trailing edge oscillations, trailing edge oscillations being the major source of difficulty. These observations are confirmed by numerical experiments which further demonstrate the potential of higher-order nodal continuity. The performance of the complete first-order Hermitian element is quite satisfactory and measurably superior to the linear element.     

Cristallisation par onde acoustique : le cas de l'héliumCrystallization by acoustic waves: the case of helium

We establish a theoretical model to explain the nucleation of a crystal of helium by an acoustic over-pressure. We explain the interfacial laws for this ultra-fast cristallization, close to the sound speed. Assuming spherical symmetry and taking into account the experimental data, we recover the dynamics of the growth and melting during an over-pressure impulse. To cite this article: M. Ben Amar et al., C. R. Mecanique 331 (2003).     

Structure initiale et propriétés de liquéfaction statique d'un sableInitial structure and static liquefaction properties of sand.

Based on the use of two different preparation procedures for reconstituting triaxial samples of sand, i.e. wet tamping and dry pluviation, significant differences in associated mechanical behaviour are observed on a reference sand with respect to the phenomenon of ‘static’ liquefaction. Wet tamping favours the initiation of liquefaction instability, whereas dry pluviation favours a more stable behaviour, less susceptible to liquefaction. Microscopic observation of corresponding sand specimens allows us to identify two well differentiated structures, i.e., for wet tamping, an irregular structure with predominance of aggregates (aggregated grains) and macropores, very contractant and unstable and, for dry pluviation, a more regular structure, without macropores, more dilatant and more stable. These observations show the importance of further characterization, based on the introduction of appropriate parameters, of the initial structure of sandy materials, strongly dependant upon their mode of formation (natural or artificial). To cite this article: N. Benahmed et al., C. R. Mecanique 332 (2004).     

Sources of Complexity in Human Systems

Complex is a special attribute we can give to many kinds of systems. Although it is used often as a synonym of difficult, it has a specific epistemological meaning, which is going to be shared by the incoming science of complexity. Difficult is an object which, by means of an adequate computational power, can be deterministically or stochastically predictable. On the contrary complex is an object which can not be predictable because of logical impossibility or because its predictability would require a computational power far beyond any physical feasibility, now and forever. For complexity refers to some observing system, it is always subjective, and thus it is defined as observed irreducible complexity. Human systems are affected by several sources of complexity, belonging to three classes, in order of descending restrictivity. Systems belonging to the first class are not predictable at all, those belonging to the second class are predictable only through an infinite computational capacity, and those belonging to the third class are predictable only through a trans-computational capacity. The first class has two sources of complexity: logical complexity, directly deriving from self-reference and Gödel's incompleteness theorems, and relational complexity, resulting in a sort of indeterminacy principle occurring in social systems. The second class has three sources of complexity: gnosiological complexity, which consists of the variety of possible perceptions; semiotic complexity, which represents the infinite possible interpretations of signs and facts; and chaotic complexity, which characterizes phenomena of nonlinear dynamic systems. The third class coincides with computational complexity, which basically coincides with the mathematical concept of intractability. Artificial, natural, biological and human systems are characterized by the influence of different sources of complexity, and the latter appear to be the most complex.