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为降低用来确定疲劳极限的升降法试验的工作量，以热力学为基础，引入损伤驱动力，构建 损伤演化方程. 积分此方程得到疲劳寿命与应力或应变的理论关系. 对光滑试件，根据成组 法疲劳试验结果利用最小二乘法拟合包括疲劳极限在内的材质参数. 利用损伤力学方法求得 高应力区的疲劳寿命曲线，由此递推得到低应力区寿命值和疲劳极限. 所得理论疲劳极限值 与升降法疲劳试验结果十分吻合. 节约了疲劳试验的机时、费用与人力.     

某型航空发动机压气机叶片振动疲劳寿命研究

以某型航空发动机压气机叶片为研究对象,在室温条件下进行了一阶弯曲振动疲劳试验,确定了叶片1×107循环基数下的振动疲劳极限.疲劳寿命分析表明在低振动应力下,Basquin方程可以很好地预测叶片的振动疲劳寿命.但在较高振动应力下,Basquin方程预测叶片的疲劳寿命偏于危险,原因在于Basquin方程不能反映塑性滑移对疲劳损伤的影响.为解决这一问题,引入了一个新的应变比因子对Basquin方程进行了修正.对于较高振动应力770MPa和740MPa下叶片的振动疲劳寿命而言,修正后的方程寿命预测误差分别为78.7%和38.5%.与原始Basquin方程相比,修正后的方程寿命预测精度分别提高了66.0%和19.2%.     

基于电能耗散的金属材料疲劳损伤测量

根据电磁学原理，提出了基于电能耗散的疲劳损伤定义，指出其较能反映金属材料疲劳损伤的特征。获得了用电阻变化测量疲劳损伤的公式，应用计及疲劳极限和循环应力幅影响的非线性累积疲劳损伤模型，给出了金属材料疲劳损伤的剩余寿命预测公式。通过正火45^#碳钢的旋转弯曲疲劳试验，验证了本文提出的剩余寿命预测公式的可靠性，和韧性耗散测量疲劳损伤相比较；说明了用电阻测量疲劳损伤的合理性。     

自紧身管疲劳寿命的可靠性分析

基于概率断裂力学理论和Monte Carlo模拟方法，给出了自紧身管疲劳寿命的可靠性分析方法．自紧残余应力采用了符合身管材料具有强化和包辛格效应性能推导的公式计算，身管工作的应力强度因子通过权函数方法得到．实例分析结果表明，对数正态分布为身管疲劳寿命的最佳分布，同时给出了各种置信度和可靠度下的身管疲劳寿命．另外，还分析了初始裂纹尺寸和材料的断裂韧性对身管疲劳寿命的影响．该研究对保证身管的安全，避免灾难性事故的发生具有重要意义．     

用升降法求95连杆疲劳极限的探讨

为了较精确地求出95连杆的疲劳极限,本文将在材料疲劳试验中应用较广的升降法推广应用于连杆,给出了用升降法求构件疲劳极限的基本过程。文中首先选取了试验的控制因素并确定了连杆的控制点(应力被选定为控制应力的点定义为控制点)。然后在四级应力水平下进行了连杆的疲劳试验,并以最大应力幅点的应力为计算应力求出了连杆的疲劳极限。     

一种基于耗散能计算的高周疲劳参数预测方法

在热力学框架下,基于薄板假设,建立金属材料薄板试样在高周疲劳载荷作用下的热传导方程,将试样温度场数据和实时载荷信号导入,准确计算与高周疲劳损伤相关的单个循环内耗散能. 基于该方法,以316L不锈钢材料为例,通过实时监测试样不同应力水平下高周疲劳破坏全过程中耗散能的变化,拟合出耗散能-疲劳寿命曲线,呈现与传统的应力-疲劳寿命曲线相同的规律;提出一种新的预测高周疲劳极限的能量法,确定的疲劳极限与实验值相近.     

超声疲劳试验方法及其应用

超声疲劳是一种加速的疲劳试验方法,它的测试频率(20kHz)远远超过了常规疲劳测试频率(小于200Hz)．超声疲劳试验研究表明50^#车轴钢和40Cr钢直到10^10个应力循环后仍会发生疲劳断裂,并不存在常规疲劳试验曲线所示的“疲劳极限”,因此用10^7周次的疲劳试验数据进行疲劳强度设计并不安全．50^#车轴钢和40Cr钢超声疲劳性能优于常规疲劳性能．扫描电镜分析表明,超长寿命阶段50^#车轴钢裂纹萌生于次表面夹杂．介绍了超声疲劳试验系统、工作原理及超声疲劳试样的设计．     

对智能复合材料单向疲劳失效的研究

对智能复合材料在经受单向拉—拉试验产生的光纤疲劳失效性能进行了研究，对智能复合材料内的光纤方位角分别为０°、４５°、９０°进行了应力—寿命试验．在输入应变能量的基础上提出了疲劳失效准则，这一准则可用于光纤方位角的调整和应力比的分析．     

大发小轿车发动机连杆的疲劳性能研究

本文对大发小轿车发动机连杆进行了疲劳性能测试，发现绝大部分连杆都在压痕根部处断裂，为此对压痕所造成的残余应力进行了测试和研究，提出了提高连杆疲劳性能的措施。本文在循环应力比Ｒ从２．５到—３之间进行了广泛的疲劳试验，并找到包括平均压应力范围等寿命曲线规律，对平均压应力在疲劳中的作用有了进一步认识。     

自增强厚壁圆筒疲劳裂纹扩展寿命的可靠性分析

本文提供了自增强厚壁圆筒疲劳裂纹扩展寿命的可靠性分析的方法和公式,自增强残余应力用符合厚壁筒用钢具有强化和包辛格效应实际性能推得的公式进行计算,残余应力对应的应力强度因子的计算采用了有限元法,得到了工作内压与自增强残余应力共同作用下的厚壁筒应力强度因子公式,通过实验测定了厚壁筒用钢的断裂韧度和疲劳裂纹扩展速率等性能。     

一种基于直接计算高阶奇异积分的断裂力学双边界积分方程分析法

相对于有限元法,边界单元法在求解断裂问题上有着独特的优势,现有的边界单元法中主要有子区域法和双边界积分方程法.采用一种改进的双边界积分方程法求解二维、三维断裂问题的应力强度因子,对非裂纹边界采用传统的位移边界积分方程,只需对裂纹面中的一面采用面力边界积分方程,并以裂纹间断位移为未知量直接用于计算应力强度因子.采用一种高阶奇异积分的直接法计算面力边界积分方程中的超强奇异积分;对于裂纹尖端单元,提供了三种不同形式的间断位移插值函数,采用两点公式计算应力强度因子.给出了多个具体的算例,与现存的精确解或参考解对比,可得到高精度的计算结果.      

汶川地震诱发文家沟巨型滑坡 碎屑流基本特征及成因机制初步分析

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2008年5月12日,汶川M80地震在四川省绵竹市清平乡文家沟内诱发一巨型滑坡。通过现场调查得知,滑坡前后缘高差455m,厚度20～30m,滑面为基岩层面,初始方量2750×107m3。滑体在运动中转化为碎屑流。滑坡-碎屑流总的水平运动距离为4022m,垂直运动距离为1443m,遗留的堆积物体积达5×107m3。滑坡距映秀—北川断裂仅36km,位于其下盘,地震烈度达XI度。滑坡导致文家沟中48人遇害,并形成一条完整的地震次生地质灾害链。初步分析表明滑坡启动速度快,滑坡向碎屑流转化过程明显、地点明确。碎屑流运动过程复杂,伴有强烈的“气垫效应”和“前缘气浪冲击效应”。作者认为,文家沟滑坡的高启动速度是长持时强烈地震动作用的结果,与山体的猛烈碰撞是导致滑体解体并转化为碎屑流的原因。     

Preface: Orbits around asteroid

One of the core issues in modern celestial mechanics is the orbital dynamics in the near-regime gravitational field of as- teroids, which provides deep insights into the mathematical nature of a class of nonlinear systems, and plays as a critical basis for in situ explorations of different science goals. Lots of efforts have been made to reveal the characteristics of orbital motion in the vicinity of asteroids, and to improve the skills of asteroid research in methodology.     

Effet de l'anisotropie élastique cristalline sur la distribution des facteurs de Schmid à la surface des polycristauxInfluence of crystalline elasticity anisotropy on Schmid factor distribution at the free surface of polycrystals

Experimental studies of the plasticity mechanisms of polycrystals are usually based on the Schmid factor distribution supposing crystalline elasticity isotropy. A numerical evaluation of the effect of crystalline elasticity anisotropy on the apparent Schmid factor distribution at the free surface of polycrystals is presented. Cubic elasticity is considered. Order II stresses (averaged on all grains with the same crystallographic orientation) as well as variations between averages computed on grains with the same crystallographic orientation but with different neighbour grains are computed. The Finite Element Method is used. Commonly studied metals presenting an increasing anisotropy degree are considered (aluminium, nickel, austenite, copper). Concerning order II stresses in strongly anisotropic metals, the apparent Schmid factor distribution is drifted towards small Schmid factor values (the maximum Schmid factor is equal to 0.43 instead of 0.5) and the slip activation order between characteristic orientations of the crystallographic standard triangle is modified. The computed square deviations of the stresses averaged on grains with the same crystallographic orientation but with different neighbour grains are a bit higher than the second order ones (inter-orientation scatter). Our numerical evaluations agree quantitatively with several observations and measures of the literature concerning stress and strain distribution in copper and austenite polycrystals submitted to low amplitude loadings. Hopefully, the given apparent Schmid factor distributions could help to better understand the observations of the plasticity mechanisms taking place at the free surface of polycrystals. To cite this article: M. Sauzay, C. R. Mecanique 334 (2006).     

Nonlinear behavior of matrix-inclusion composites under high confining pressure: application to concrete and mortar

This paper is devoted to a micromechanics-based simulation of the response of concrete to hydrostatic and oedometric compressions. Concrete is described as a composite made up of a cement matrix in which rigid inclusions are embedded. The focus is put on the role of the interface between matrix and inclusion which represent the interfacial transition zone (ITZ). A plastic behavior is considered for both the matrix and the interfaces. The effective response of the composite is derived from the modified secant method adapted to the situation of imperfect interfaces. To cite this article: T.H. Le et al., C. R. Mecanique 336 (2008).     

Dynamics and Breakup of Viscoelastic Liquids (A Review)

The phenomena of hydrodynamic breakup of liquid jets, drops, films, bridges, and filaments are reviewed for liquids with viscoelastic properties. The reasons for breakup are capillary instabilities, collisions with rigid obstacles, and other forms of dynamic action. The relationship between the properties of the liquids and the features of the breakup process is discussed.     

Flow stability analysis and excitation using pulsating jets

Classical flow stability applied to transition from laminar to turbulent flow may also describe the behavior of vorticity fluctuations created by a pulsating jet placed along a solid boundary. A numerical laminar flow experiment involving a pulsating jet placed along the surface of a duct with flow separation downstream, resulted in eliminating most part of the separated flow region. Applying the same approach to a turbulent flow, it was possible to develop a turbulent stability flow formulation and apply successfully turbulent pulsating jet flow separation control. To cite this article: D. Skamnakis, K. Papailiou, C. R. Mecanique 333 (2005).