Al2O3陶瓷引弧微爆炸加工温度场模拟

建立了Al2O3陶瓷引弧微爆炸加工(micro-detonationofstrikingarcmachining,MDSAM)过程的 传热模型,基于有限元理论,利用ANSYS软件对加工过程中的温度场分布进行了模拟。结合材料性质,对模 拟和实验得到的蚀坑尺寸进行了比较,并分析了加工参数对温度场的影响。模拟结果表明,Al2O3陶瓷引弧 微爆炸加工时在给定的加工参数下的最高温度可达13435℃,且高温影响区范围很小,加工实验与模拟结果 符合较好。随着脉冲宽度和工作电流的增加,加工区域的温度以及蚀坑的半径和深度增大;随着喷嘴半径的 增大,加工区域的温度降低而蚀坑的径深比增大。模拟结果可为Al2O3 陶瓷引弧微爆炸加工过程中表面形 貌的预测、材料去除机理的揭示以及加工参数的选择等提供参考。     

工程陶瓷引弧微爆炸加工冲击力建模及实验分析

介绍了引弧微爆炸加工过程中冲击力产生的原因,利用单因素实验确定影响冲击力的主要工艺参 数,利用正交实验和回归分析的方法建立了冲击力指数型经验模型,得出工艺参数对冲击力的影响规律。实 验结果表明:工作电流、工作气压和微爆炸发生器喷嘴直径是影响冲击力大小的主要工艺参数,冲击力随着工 作电流的增大而减小,随着工作气压和喷嘴直径的增大而增大,而工作脉宽和工作距离对冲击力大小影响不 显著;建立的冲击力模型与实验结果吻合良好。研究结果可以为引弧微爆炸加工过程的控制提供参考依据。     

爆炸加工的历史,现状与未来

对爆炸加工产生的历史背景做了简单的回顾，对研制和应用现状作了简单的介绍。并对今后的发展方向，尤其是在新材料合成方面的重要作用做了简单的分析。     

激光聚焦击穿液体的爆炸气泡特性

高功率激光聚焦击穿液体介质,类似于聚焦区域发生了微爆炸.研究了激光聚焦击穿爆炸与水下微爆炸之间的相似性.采用高功率脉冲激光器、光学聚焦系统、高速摄像、测量水听器建立了激光击穿爆炸源的产生及爆炸气泡、爆炸声波特性测量系统.对不同参数激光聚焦击穿水、酒精、硅油等粘性液体,观测到了激光击穿爆炸冲击波、气泡脉动、气泡压缩冲击波...     

水下连续脉冲冲击波的声学特性

为探求金属爆炸索在水下爆炸声源研究领域的应用前景,设计了一种可以连续产生若干个脉冲冲击波的装置,称之为水下连续脉冲冲击波发生装置。利用小波分析对该装置产生的连续脉冲冲击波信号进行分解与重构,考察其频谱特性,并进一步分析了信号的声压级特性。结果表明:该装置产生的信号声压级较高,具有很强的声功率;信号包含频率十分丰富,雷管和金属爆炸索由于装药结构及传爆方式的不同,爆炸所产生的冲击波频谱特性也有所差异。雷管爆炸产生的冲击波主要分布在15.6 kHz以下的频带内,金属爆炸索爆炸产生的脉冲冲击波信号则主要分布在62.5 kHz以下的频带内;脉冲冲击波的个数和声持续时间可由爆炸索的排列方式和长度控制,脉冲冲击波间的时间间隔可调,发生装置稳定易控     

电感储能脉冲功率调节系统的研究

研制了一种小型的电感储能脉冲功率调节系统,它能把低阻抗的爆炸压缩装置的输出能量有效地转换成为适合于电子束和等离子体物理实验需要的高电压大功率脉冲。我们分析了以电爆炸丝断路开关为基础的电感储能功率调节系统,并给出了它的工作性能及实验结果。当储能电感的磁通量达到0.1Wb时,在40的负载电阻上可获得上升前沿为50ns、幅度大于600kV的脉冲电压。该系统结构紧凑,运行成本低,重复性好。已建立了该系统相应的理论模型和计算程序,数值模拟结果和实验结果一致。     

中国工程爆破协会爆炸加工行业委员会成立

“中国工程爆破协会爆炸加工行业委员会”成立大会于2007年12月26日在北京召开,会议代表和来宾70余人参加了该次会议。会上中国工程爆破协会理事长汪旭光院士作了重要指示,由李晓杰教授传达了中爆协四届二次常务理事会精神,张勇所长作了爆炸加工行业委员会筹备工作报告。参加第     

含变压器的功率调节系统分析

介绍了一种间接耦合（含变压器）的功率调节系统的模拟结果。通过计算，对初级能源、变压器、爆炸丝断路开关的匹配关系进行了分析，给出了建立满足兆伏级脉冲输出的该系统各单元的最佳参数值。     

变压器脉冲功率调节系统的研究

对一种变压器和电爆炸丝开关相结合的功率调节系统进行了研究。该系统能有效实现低阻抗的初级能源和高阻抗负载的匹配,为高阻抗负载提供高电压大功率的脉冲。给出了该系统在５ｋＪ电容器能源组上的实验结果和数值模拟结果。在７５电阻负载上得到了脉宽为３００ｎｓ、幅度大于６００ｋＶ的高压脉冲。变压器耦合系数大于０８。     

水下爆炸压力测量中的若干问题

本文简要叙述了水下爆炸时的物理现象及爆炸产生的冲击波测量方法,详细分析了测试系统中各种因素对测量的影响及实测时避免的方法。     

Electrogas- and electrohydrodynamic control of gas and liquid jets and flows

The physical and mathematical principles of the method of electrogas-and electrohydrodynamic conversion of electrical signals to pneumatic (hydraulic) signals and vice versa for control of gas and liquid jets and flows in electropneumohydraulic systems are considered. St. Petersburg State Technical University, St. Petersburg 195251. Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 25–31, March–April, 2000.     

水和水蒸汽热力学物性参数及导数的计算与应用

本文针对现代换热设备设计、两相流动与传热研究的需要,介绍了可供科研使用的水和水蒸汽物性计算方法,完善了计算程序。根据超临界锅炉设计中的超临界水的物性计算,两相流研究和换热设备动态特性研究中对物性导数计算的需要,提供了两个算例,并进行了定性分析。     

STICTION AND ANTI—STICTION IN MEMS AND NEMS

Stiction in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) has been a major failure mode ever since the advent of surface micromachining in the 80s of the last century due to large surfacearea-to-volume ratio. Even now when solutions to this problem are emerging, such as self-assembled monolayer (SAM) and other measures, stiction remains one of the most catastrophic failure modes in MEMS. A review is presented in this paper on stiction and anti-stiction in MEMS and nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS). First, some new experimental observations of stiction in radio frequency (RF) MEMS switch and micromachined accelerometers are presented. Second, some criteria for stiction of microstructures in MEMS and NEMS due to surface forces (such as capillary, electrostatic, van der Waals, Casimir forces, etc.) are reviewed. The influence of surface roughness and environmental conditions (relative humidity and temperature) on stiction are also discussed. As hydrophobic films, the self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) turn out able to prevent release-related stiction effectively. The anti-stiction of SAMs in MEMS is reviewed in the last part. The project supported by the Distinguished Young Scholar Fund of NSFC (10225209), key project from the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KJCX2-SW-L2) and National “973” Project (G1999033103)     

Fatigue and static strength of notched and unnotched aluminum-alloy and steel specimens

This paper describes a method of presentation of fatigue data on three commonly used aircraft materials, 2024-T3 and 7075-T6 aluminum alloys and normalized SAE 4130 steel, such that variations in fatigue strength with stress-concentration factor can be shown. Comparisons of the fatigue strengths of 2024-T3 and 7075-T6 aluminum are made for the most useful range of stress-concentration factors. Static-strength results of notched and unnotched specimens of the three materials are presented to show how the strength varies with some parameters of the stress concentration. Comparison of the data with one theory for the strength of cracked specimens was made.     

Fracture and stability of materials and structural members with cracks: approaches and results

A new alternative approach to fracture problems for materials and structural elements with cracks is set out. It is based on the mechanism of local instability near defects. The approach is used to study the fracture of materials compressed along interacting cracks and the fracture of thin structural members with cracks under tension with allowance for local buckling.__________Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 40, No. 12, pp. 18–64, December 2004.     

Drawing and extruding: Theoretical and approximate formulas

Summary The problem of drawing of wires and of strips has been treated in several studies; among these the studies of Sachs seem essential. However, the results deduced according to similar theories are not always in accordance with the experimental results: reduction of area or of thickness are in fact usually smaller than those resulting from the theory. This is in dependance of the fact that Sachs has adopted the Limiting Condition of Yielding by v. Mises, according to which the limit values of stress in traction and compression are equal. More recently other AA. (Alberti, Noto La Diega, Bugini), admitting the Limiting Condition of Yielding by A. (or of the Paraboloid of Revolution) of which we have treated in one of our previous works, attain results tallying with the experience. In the present study the above said subjects are treated as to evidence their unitarian signifiance and clarify their several aspects. The approximate formulas proposed by A. result of easy and quick application. In the same manner are treated other problems, among which the problem of the extrusion (Bagarello, Ammendola).

---

Sommario Il problema della trafilatura dei fili metallici e delle strisce di lamiera è stato trattato in diverse Memorie, fra le quali fondamentali sono quelle del Sachs. I risultati dedotti in base a tali studi non sempre però concordano con le risultanze sperimentali: i rapporti di riduzione delle aree o degli spessori sono infatti di norma inferiori a quelli che risultano da tali teorie. Ciò dipende dal fatto che il Sachs ha posto a base dei suoi studi la Condizione di Plastificazione del v. Mises secondo la quale i limiti di resistenza del materiale che si considera alla trazione e alla compressione semplice sono uguali. Più recentemente altri AA. (Alberti, Noto La Diega, Bugini), adottando la Condizione di Plastificazione dell' A. (o del Paraboloide di Rivoluzione), del quale abbiamo trattato in un precedente lavoro, pervengono a risultati più attinenti alla practica. Col presente studio gli argomenti vengono trattati mettendone in evidenza il significato unitario e chiarendone i vari aspetti. Le formule approssimate proposte dall' A. risultano di facile e immediata applicazione. In maniera analoga vengono trattati altri problemi, fra i quali quello dell'estrusione (Bagarello, Ammendola).

     

Flows around two airfoils performing fling and subsequent translation and translation and subsequent clap

The aerodynamic forces and flow structures of two airfoils performing “fling and subsequent translation“ and “translation and subsequent clap“ are studied by numerically solving the Navier-Stokes equations in moving overset grids. These motions are relevant to the flight of very small insects. The Reynolds number, based on the airfoil chord length c and the translation velocity U, is 17. It is shown that: (1) For two airfoils performing fling and subsequent translation, a large lift is generated both in the fling phase and in the early part of the translation phase. During the fling phase,a pair of leading edge vortices of large strength is generated; the generation of the vortex pair in a short period results in a large time rate of change of fluid impulse, which explains the large lift in this period. During the early part of the translation, the two leading edge vortices move with the airfoils;the relative movement of the vortices also results in a large time rate of change of fluid impulse, which explains the large lift in this part of motion. (In the later part of the translation, the vorticity in the vortices is diffused and convected into the wake.) The time averaged lift coefficient is approximately 2.4 times as large as that of a single airfoil performing a similar motion. (2) For two airfoils performing translation and subsequent clap, a large lift is generated in the clap phase. During the clap, a pair of trailing edge vortices of large strength are generated; again, the generation of the vortex pair in a short period (which results in a large time rate of change of fluid impulse) is responsible for the large lift in this period. The time averaged lift coefficient is approximately 1.6 times as large as that of a single airfoil performing a similar motion. (3) When the initial distance between the airfoils (in the case of clap, the final distance between the airfoils) varies from 0.1 to 0.2c, the lift on an airfoil decreases only slightly but the torque decreases greatly. When the distance is about lc， the interference effects between the two airfoils become very small.     

Calculation of friction and heat and mass exchange on rough permeable plane and axisymmetric bodies

The most effective methods of thermal shielding are characterized by the presence of a normal component of the velocity on the wall. They include porous cooling and the use of ablated coverings. If the heat-shielding materials have a granulated microstructure, their thermal expansion leads to roughness of the surface, as in the case of porosity of the wall. The present paper presents an integral method for calculating the drag and heat and mass transfer to a rough permeable surface in the case of a gradient flow of a compressible reacting gas.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 5, pp. 37–46, September–October, 1979.It is a pleasure to thank J. A. Schetz, who kindly sent tables of his experimental data, and also E. G. Zaulichny for discussing the work.     

Documentation and information on rheology: Present state and development in its design and application

Summary As the number of rheological and other scientific publications increases considerably year by year, documentation services should be used more extensively. The Deutsche Rheologische Gesellschaft (German Society of Rheology), 1 Berlin 45, Unter den Eichen 87, publishes at regular intervals and for an international reader audience the Documentation Rheology which contains a fairly complete collection of relevant literature subdivided into subject groups. The papers listed cover fundamentals of rheology, rheometry, rheological behaviour of polymer melts and solutions, plastics and rubber, metals, pastes, colloids and suspensions, solids, ceramics, concrete, pharmaceutical products and cosmetics, food stuffs, chemical engineering, forming processes, flow processes, mixing processes and so on.The documentation is available at a small charge. It has been published to make better use of the possibilities that lie in a systematic collection, arrangement, exploitation and application of findings achieved and published so far. Methodical and intensified research and development, as well as further rationalization and cost-saving measures in the field of practical application depend on a better utilization of existing findings. The above-mentioned documentation service covers basic research as well as technical application. With the aid of it literature search on general or more specific problems of research and practice can be done quicker and carried out much more easily. Literature search done this way guarantees that a research project will start from the current state of knowledge and that sufficient hints to solutions of practical problems are at hand. Moreover, the preparation and publication of literature reports will initiate a systematic evaluation of the numerous existing publications.With 1 table