带壳有隔板聚能装药的实验研究

利用脉冲Ｘ射线高速摄影系统，研究了带壳聚能装药爆炸过程中隔板的变形过程，测定了隔板变形速度。同时测出了相应的壳体膨胀速度ｖｅ，药形罩压垮速度ｖ０，射流速度ｖｊ，压垮角和变形角。每条曲线至少有四个实验点，每个实验点均为三次实验的平均值。     

基于SPH方法模拟30mm线膛炮波纹罩压垮过程的力学参数研究

为研究高旋转对30 mm聚能装药破甲作用的影响机理及自旋补偿原理，采用LS-DYNA有限元软件中的SPH方法模拟30 mm线膛炮波纹罩的压垮过程，得到粒子的实际运动可分解成向心运动与绕中心圆周切线运动，提出压垮过程的4个阶段:压垮前期、缓冲期、波纹槽区域粒子速度增大期和中心粒子相互作用期。射流形成层沿逆时针方向旋转，而形成杵体的材料以相反方向旋转。结果表明:波纹罩特殊设计可以补偿旋转扰动对30 mm聚能装药侵彻作用的负面影响。     

聚能炸药逆向环形起爆形成高速射流研究

设计了一种长径比为 0 .375 ,罩锥角为 12 0的大锥角小长径比聚能装药。利用闪光X射线摄影技术观察了小长径比聚能装药正向起爆时形成的射流图象以及逆向起爆时药型罩的压垮图象和射流图象。给出了形成射流的头部速度、射流的质量分布等射流特性参数。试验的聚能装药逆向起爆时射流头部速度为 7.48km/s,而正向起爆时仅为 4.34km/s。试验研究表明通过逆向环形起爆 ,小长径比聚能装药获得高速射流是可行的。     

线型聚能装药的理论研究

本文提出了一端起爆的线型聚能装药射流形成的不定常理论模型。根据这一模型,当金属罩在爆轰波作用下的运动速度为已知时,则不论此速度是否是时间或初始位置的函数,都能得到射流形成时的速度,质量和位置等参数。 按照本文模型,Defourneaux.M.的定常射流形成定常模型是一个简单的特例。我们利用本文的模型对等厚度装药的情况进行了计算,并与实验结果比较,两者符合良好。同时计算结果表明,考虑射流形成的不定常因素,可以较好地解释射流头部的质量堆积和射流内部的反向速度梯度等实验现象。本文的模型可以为线型聚能切割索的设计提供较为准确的理论指导。     

杆式射流形成的数值模拟研究

利用数值仿真软件LS-DYNA3D,通过数值模拟方法研究了药型罩压跨、射流的形成、延伸和失稳断裂的全过程,数值模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好,得到了一套实用的数值模拟方法及材料模型参数,定性分析了大锥角的药型罩压垮过程,对形成杆式射流的药型罩结构设计具有一定借鉴意义。     

双反射技术对自由射流三维速度场的测量及显示

应用摄影测量和图像处理技术对自由射流的三维速度场进行了ＰＩＶ测量。构造了一种全新的双反射测量技术，使得二维测量中的多点同步和空间定位得到解决和提高。在精确计算了水与空气的折射关系之后，两幅像片间的同名点寻找更加可靠。重建和再现了ＰＩＶ中射流的连续三维瞬态粒子分布场和速度矢量场。     

爆轰波波形与药型罩结构匹配对杆式射流成形的影响

为提高杆式射流对钢靶的侵彻能力,设计了一种偏心亚半球药型罩,通过爆轰波碰撞理论推导出药型罩压垮速度,并结合改进的PER理论建立了杆式射流成形的模型。分析了药型罩结构参数对爆轰波碰撞压力的影响规律,获得了等质量变壁厚药型罩射流质量及速度分布的变化规律。结果表明:马赫反射压力随偏心距的增大而增大,随外壁曲率半径的增大而减小,而正规斜反射压力与马赫反射压力变化规律相反,且马赫反射压力受药型罩结构影响较大;通过对比不同方案,罩顶与罩口部厚、中间薄形状药型罩形成的射流质量提高了29.5%,头部速度提高了21.3%,且速度梯度最大,相同炸高条件下侵彻深度提高了约2倍装药直径。针对优化结构进行了数值模拟和实验验证,通过对爆轰波波形与药型罩结构合理的匹配设计,使形成的杆式射流成形及侵彻性能得到显著提升。     

聚能射流形成数值模拟

基于网格自适应方法,ALE方法和SPH方法模拟了聚能射流形成过程.分析了射流头部速度随时间的变化关系,初始时刻位于药形罩不同位置的金属形成射流后的速度分布情况以及射流形成后沿射流方向射流整体速度分布情况.对比了三种方法用于模拟聚能射流形成问题的特点以及与实验的近似程度.数值模拟结果与射流形成过程与机理一致,可以体现射流形成特点,且SPH方法计算结果与实验数据最为接近.     

横流冲击射流尾迹涡结构的实验研究

本文采用LIF（激光诱导荧光）流动显示和PIV（粒子图像速度场仪）测量对横流冲击射流的尾迹涡结构进行了实验研究。水槽实验是在三种流速比和两种冲击高度实验工况下进行的。由实验结果可得到两种明显的尾迹涡结构、，即射流尾迹涡和横流尾迹涡。横流冲击射流中形成的主要尾迹涡结构主要依赖于流速比。本文还对横流冲击射流近区范围内射流尾迹涡和横流尾迹涡的形成机理和演化特征进行了分析。     

高熵合金药型罩射流成型与稳定性

近年迅速兴起的多主元高熵合金因其具有很宽的成分-性能调控范围及一系列优异力学性能, 有望替代紫铜成为新一代药型罩材料. 本文基于CrMnFeCoNi五元高熵合金动态力学性能实验和数值模拟, 探索该合金用作药型罩的适用性. 基于分离式霍普金森拉杆和材料试验机研究了高熵合金不同应变率及温度下的力学行为, 获得了高熵合金Johnson-Cook热黏塑性动态本构. 利用流动速度与临界压垮角关系对凝聚性高熵合金射流形成边界进行界定. 结合数值模拟验证了高熵合金射流形成边界的合理性, 并进一步揭示了射流高速拉伸断裂演化规律. 研究表明: 射流断裂时间与材料强度成负相关, 材料动态强度增大, 将会引起射流断裂时间下降. 本工作可为新型高熵合金药型罩结构设计提供参考.      

Particle tracking velocimetry of the flow field around a collapsing cavitation bubble

The velocity field in the vicinity of a laser-generated cavitation bubble in water is investigated by means of particle tracking velocimetry (PTV). Two situations are explored: a bubble collapsing spherically and a bubble collapsing aspherically near a rigid wall. In the first case, the accuracy of the PTV method is assessed by comparing the experimental data with the flow field around the bubble as obtained from numerical simulations of the radial bubble dynamics. The numerical results are matched to the experimental radius–time curve extracted from high-speed photographs by tuning the model parameters. Trajectories of tracer particles are calculated and used to model the experimental process of the PTV measurement. For the second case of a bubble collapsing near a rigid wall, both the bubble shape and the velocity distribution in the fluid around the bubble are measured for different standoff parameters γ at several instants in time. The results for γ > 1 are compared with the corresponding results of a boundary-integral simulation. For both cases, good agreement between simulation and experiment is found.     

Dynamics of a cavitation bubble near a solid surface and the induced damage

Numerical and experimental studies of the dynamics of a cavitating bubble near a resilient metal surface were performed. To augment the experimental flow visualizations of a collapsing bubble, numerical simulations were conducted to more thoroughly identify the collapse dynamics and analyze the flow. A bubble collapse was captured using a high-speed camera and back illumination. The metal sample was made of pure aluminum placed near a collapsing cavitation bubble at various distances from the metal surface. Width, depth, and volume of the induced material deformations were measured using an optical microscope and a three-dimensional profilometer and then compared against existing experimental data from the literature. The cavitating bubble’s dynamics and the related flow were simulated numerically using the open source finite volume based flow solver CavitatingFOAM. This code solved the Navier–Stokes equations for compressible two-phase flows using an Euler–Euler approach, including the barotropic equations of state. Bubble shapes, collapse times, and obtained damage parameters were compared to experimental observations. Impact velocities, pressures, shear rates, and various flow phenomena were discussed, providing broad insight into bubble dynamics and the induced damage.     

Final stages of bubble collapse

The process of soap-bubble collapse is studied using a high-speed videocamera. Nine successive photographs of a collapsing bubble obtained in one experiment are presented. The final stages of collapse are analyzed using the model proposed, which allows for an analytical solution. Quantitative agreement between the experimental and theoretical results is achieved.     

矩形薄板流-固冲击屈曲与塑性失效的实验研究

本文对面内流-固冲击载荷作用下的四边夹支矩形薄板进行了实验研究。通过引入三种临界等效膜应变,对屈曲、塑性和塑性失效三种临界动力状态进行了定义,根据定义获得了每个试件的临界值。同时分析与观察了试件的弯曲振动模态和动力塑性失效模式。最后,探讨了弹塑性冲击历史对塑性失效状态的影响。     

Collapsing and Explosion Waves in Phase Transitions with Metastability,Existence, Stability and Related Riemann Problems

Collapsing waves were observed numerically before and were used to explain the ring formations in dynamic flows involving phase transitions with metastability. In this paper, necessary and sufficient conditions for collapsing type of waves to exist are given. The conditions are that the wave speed of the collapsing wave is not less than a number and is supersonic on both sides of the wave. Existence and non-existence conditions for the explosion waves are also found. The stability of these waves are studied numerically. Although there are infinitely many collapsing (or explosion) waves for a fixed downstream state, the collapsing (or explosion) wave appeared in the solution of Riemann problem is numerically verified to be the one with the slowest speed. Although a Riemann problem in the zero viscosity limit may have two solutions, one with, the other without, a collapsing (or explosion) wave, from the vanishing viscosity point of view, the one with a collapsing (or explosion) wave is numerically verified to be admissible.     

圆锥泡声致发光气泡动力学过程的理论分析

在绝热压缩模型的基础上, 详细讨论了圆锥泡声致发光中气泡运动的动力学过程，得到 了气泡塌陷速度方程、气泡内压强方程以及温度方程. 结果显示在气泡进入圆锥腔的初始阶 段，气泡的塌陷速度随着压缩半径的不断减小近似线性地增加；然后随着压缩半径的进一步 减小，气泡塌陷的加速度逐渐减小；当气泡塌陷速度达到最大值后，随着气泡压缩半径的 进一步减小, 塌陷速度迅速下降至零. 在假设初始气压为1000\,Pa的基础上，理论分析 得到气泡的最高塌陷速度可以达到5.8\,m/s; 气泡的最小压缩半径可以达 到1.37\,cm, 相应的气泡内极限压强超过$4.5\times10^5$\,Pa, 极限温度超 过3\,150\,K, 而液流能够提供给气泡的能量达到0.02\,J. 理论推导得到的结果 可以比较好地用来解释实验中的现象. 最后分析得到气泡内的初始气 压对气泡所能达到的极端条件有着重要的影响.     

烟囱定向爆破拆除倒塌过程

针对烟囱爆破拆除,通过建立烟囱倒塌的力学模型,运用数学方法推演了烟囱最大弯矩区域和最 大剪应力区域。此外,采用有限元软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA 对烟囱倒塌过程进行了数值模拟,并与实际倒塌 过程相比较。数值模拟结果表明,在距离地面约1/3、1/2和2/3处,筒体有应力集中现象,这些部位在烟囱倒 塌过程中容易折断,这与理论分析和实际过程相吻合。烟囱折断发生的位置和时间与筒体的切口形状和筒体 材料的力学性能密切相关,砖烟囱和钢筋混凝土烟囱的力学性能存在明显的差异。     

Numerical simulation of liquefied fuel spills: I. Instantaneous release into a confined area

The shallow-water equations in radial symmetry are solved numerically to simulate the collapse of a cylindrical liquid column into an area surrounded by a concentric dike. The following three subcases of this problem are considered: a liquid column collapsing onto a layer of the same liquid, a liquid column collapsing onto a solid surface, and a column of lighter liquid collapsing onto a heavier liquid (i.e. liquefied natural gas (LNG) spilled onto water). The results for the three categories are compared and the differences and similarities between them are analysed.     

Formation and propagation of cylindrical shock waves in a pulsed induction discharge

An experimental investigation was made into the formation and propagation of cylindrical collapsing shock waves in a pulsed induction gas discharge. The shock fronts were made visible and their propagation velocity measured by means of the schlieren method in conjunction with high-speed cine photography in the photoscanning regime and frame-by-frame detection, which made it possible, using the experimental data, to analyze the formation and propagation of the shock waves. A physical picture of the individual stages in the development of the discharge is given on the basis of the experimental results.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 1, pp. 129–133, January–February, 1981.We are thankful to Yu. P. Raizer for helpful discussions of the work.