金属基复合材料的强度与损伤分析

用细观计算力学的方法分析了金属基复合材料(MMC)多重损伤与强度的关系,采用唯象的内聚力模型模拟纤维/基体界面的脱粘和采用G-T模型描述韧性基体的损伤.并用上述模型分析了长纤维增强MMC在横向荷载作用下损伤演化的规律,讨论了不同界面性质与材料强度及损伤、破坏模式之间的关系.     

纤维复合材料界面横向拉伸分析

以单纤维十字型横向拉伸试验为研究对象,对纤维/基体界面采用弹性-软化双线性内聚力模型,建立了纤维复合材料在横向拉伸作用下界面法向失效过程的解析模型。得到了沿纤维/基体圆周界面的法向应力分布,纤维/基体界面的状态与界面承载力和单纤维复合材料承载力的关系,以及内聚力参数和试件几何尺寸对它们的影响。结果表明:纤维/基体圆周界面在脱粘前经历全部弹性及弹性+软化两种状态;当界面为弹性状态时,界面法向应力随界面强度线性增加;当界面为弹性+软化状态时,界面软化范围随界面裂纹萌生位移的增加而增大;界面初始脱粘位置与拉伸荷载方向重合;界面初始脱粘时的界面承载力随界面强度及界面裂纹萌生位移的增加而增加,随界面裂纹生成位移的增加而降低;单纤维复合材料的脱粘荷载受基体截面尺寸的影响,当纤维体积含量相同时,沿荷载方向截面尺寸的增大对提高脱粘荷载更显著。     

计及界面损伤的复合材料正交(混杂)叠层板的应力集中分析

对正交(混杂)叠层复合材料最终拉伸破坏过程中的细观应力集中问题,提出了一种修正的剪滞分析模型;研究了叠层中由于90°层的基体开裂、层间界面破坏、0°层中部分纤维断裂及纤维/基体界面损伤相互作用所导致的细观应力重新分布,获得了相应的应力集中因子和界面破坏区长度与界面剪切强度的定量关系。本文结果为进一步研究正交叠层复合材料的细观破坏机理、最终拉伸强度及协同效应等提供了重要的理论依据。     

单向复合材料的破坏机理——纤维、基体和界面状况对强度的影响

混合律方程所给出的单向复合材料的纵向强度,几乎只取决于纤维的强度和含量,不总是与实验结果相符合。实际上,在纵向应力作用下复合材料的破坏,有一个从初始的局部损伤,发展到最终的整体破坏的过程。不同的损伤发展形式和过程,直接影响到纤维承载能力的发挥。损伤发展形式和过程,又是依据纤维、基体性能和组合状况的不同而不同。因此,单向复合材料的纵向强度就不是简单地仅取决于纤维的强度和含量,还与纤维的其他性能、基体性能和界面粘接强度等有着密切的关系。本文详细分析了单向复合材料纵向拉伸破坏机理,並通过实验证实了上述结论。     

弱界面复合材料中的基体裂纹

利用二维弹性力学模型研究了纤维增强复合材料中基体裂纹与弱界面的相互作用机理．文中首先导出各向异性弹性多层介质中刃型位错的基本解，然后运用这些基本解建立了弱界面复合材料中典型的Ｈ型缺陷的奇异积分方程组，通过求解这些方程得到外载荷的大小、弱界面的结合强度、界面的残余压力和摩擦系数、纤维与基体的弹性模量比等微结构参量与基体裂纹附近的应力场的关系     

SMA复合材料在热载条件下的残余应力分析

本文基于三相复合圆柱模型发展了增量型的分析方法,讨论在ＳＭＡ复合材料中由于ＳＭＡ材料相变以及各相材料热特性随温度变化引起的残余应力。研究基体与过渡恸介面和纤维与过渡界面间的残余应力,同时讨论由于基体相的变化对残余应力的影响。特别研究了涂层和复合材料基体间界面处的残余应力受纤维体积比、涂层厚度、纤维最大相变应以及基体中纤维取向等影响,而且讨论了计及应力对相就运动方程的影响时对ＳＭＡ复合材料相变温度和     

单纤维压出实验模型的力学分析

单纤维压出实验是一种细观实验方法,用于测量复合材料的界面强度。本文采用子域法处理多域问题,利用轴对称边界元程序,对单纤维压出实验模型的应力传递进行了分析,并与常用的剪切滞后理论的分析结果进行了比较,发现在大部分纤维埋置区域,两种分析吻合很好,在纤维与基体的界面端部,边界元的分析结果显示界面应力在该区域有奇异现象,而剪滞理论则无法反映应力奇异现象。应力奇异现象的存在使得我们对该实验的界面强度判据需要     

纤维增强韧性基体界面力学行为

分析了纤维增强韧性基体的界面力学行为及其失效机理,按剪滞理论和应变理化规律研究微复合材料的弹塑性变形和应力状态,讨论了幂硬化和线性硬化基体的弹塑性变形和界面应力分布,并给出纤维应力和位移的表达式。按最大剪应力强度理论建立了纤维／基体界面失效准则,推导出弹塑性界面失效的平均剪应力随纤维埋入长度的变化关系。     

轴对称圆柱界面裂纹的应力奇异性

复合材料中,纤维与基体的界面脱粘是复合材料细观损伤的基本形式之一。复合材料界面粘结强度对复合材料的宏观力学性能有重要的影响。复合材料界面断裂韧性的定义与测试要求对圆柱界面裂纹尖端应力场的奇异性有充分的了解。本文对轴对称圆柱界面裂纹的应力奇异性采用逐步近法作了近似的分析,文中对获得的所似结果作了较深入的讨论。     

拉-拉循环荷载作用下的界面脱粘研究

应用弹性力学和断裂力学基本理论，基于剪滞模型，研究了纤维增强复合材料中纤维与基体界面在拉-拉循环荷载作用下的疲劳脱粘特性。建立了描述疲劳裂纹扩展的等效Paris公式，得到了界面疲劳脱粘扩展速率、脱粘应力以及脱粘界面的摩擦系数与循环加载次数的关系式。通过数值模拟计算，进一步分析了界面疲劳脱粘的力学机理。本文分析，考虑了疲劳加载引起的脱粘界面的损伤及损伤分布的不均匀性。同时还考虑了材料泊松比的影响。     

Effect of interface fracture on the tensile deformation of fiber-reinforced elastomers

The influence of interface properties (strength and toughness) on the tensile behavior of fiber-reinforced elastomers deformed perpendicularly to the fibers was studied using computational micromechanics. Numerical simulations were performed by means of the finite element analysis of a representative volume element of the composite microstructure. The effect of finite deformations and of interface fracture was included in the simulations, the latter through a bidimensional and quadratic interface element inserted at the fiber/matrix interfaces. A parametrical study was carried out to assess the effect of interface strength and toughness on the tensile strength and damage micromechanisms. It was found that the onset of damage and tensile strength were controlled by interface strength while the evolution of damage depended on interface toughness.     

A periodic unit-cell simulation of fiber arrangement dependence on the transverse tensile failure in unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced composites

The effect of fiber arrangement on transverse tensile failure in unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced composites with a strong fiber-matrix interface was studied using a unit-cell model that includes a continuum damage mechanics model. The simulated results indicated that tensile strength is lower when neighboring fibers are arrayed parallel to the loading direction than with other fiber arrangements. A shear band occurs between neighboring fibers, and the damage in the matrix propagates around the shear band when the interfacial normal stress (INS) is sufficiently high. Moreover, based on the observation of Hobbiebrunken et al., we reproduced the damage process in actual composites with a nonuniform fiber arrangement. The simulated results clarified that the region where neighboring fibers are arrayed parallel to the loading direction becomes the origin of the transverse failure in the composites. The cracking sites observed in the simulation are consistent with experimental results. Therefore, the matrix damage in the region where the fiber is arrayed parallel to the loading direction is a key factor in understanding transverse failure in unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced composites with a strong fiber/matrix interface.     

A thermodynamics-based cohesive model for interface debonding and friction

A constitutive model for interface debonding is proposed which is able to account for mixed-mode coupled debonding and plasticity, as well as further coupling between debonding and friction including post-delamination friction. The work is an extension of a previous model which focuses on the coupling between mixed-mode delamination and plasticity. By distinguishing the interface into two parts, a cracked one where friction can occur and an integral one where further damage takes place, the coupling between frictional dissipation and energy loss through damage is seamlessly achieved. A simple framework for coupled dissipative processes is utilised to derive a single yield function which accurately captures the evolution of interface strength with increasing damage, for both tensile and compressive regimes. The new material model is implemented as a user-defined interface element in the commercial package ABAQUS and is used to predict delamination under compressive loads in several test cases.     

Cohesive fracture simulation and failure modes of FRP–concrete bonded interfaces

A work-of-fracture method using three-point bend beam (3PBB) specimen, commonly employed to determine the fracture energy of concrete, is adapted to evaluate the mode-I cohesive fracture of fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) composite–concrete adhesively bonded interfaces. In this study, a bilinear damage cohesive zone model (CZM) is used to simulate cohesive fracture of FRP–concrete bonded interfaces. The interface cohesive process damage model is proposed to simulate the adhesive–concrete interface debonding; while a tensile plastic damage model is used to account for the cohesive cracking of concrete near the bond line. The influences of the important interface parameters, such as the interface cohesive strength, concrete tensile strength, critical interface energy, and concrete fracture energy, on the interface failure modes and load-carrying capacity are discussed in detail through a numerical finite element parametric study. The results of numerical simulations indicate that there is a transition of the failure modes controlling the interface fracture process. Three failure modes in the mode-I fracture of FRP–concrete interface bond are identified: (1) complete adhesive–concrete interface debonding (a weak bond), (2) complete concrete cohesive cracking near the bond line (a strong bond), and (3) a combined failure of interface debonding and concrete cohesive cracking. With the change of interface parameters, the transition of failure modes from interface debonding to concrete cohesive cracking is captured, and such a transition cannot be revealed by using a conventional fracture mechanics-based approach, in which only an energy criterion for fracture is employed. The proposed cohesive damage models for the interface and concrete combined with the numerical finite element simulation can be used to analyze the interface fracture process, predict the load-carrying capacity and ductility, and optimize the interface design, and they can further shed new light on the interface failure modes and transition mechanism which emulate the practical application.     

碳纳米管/碳纤维增强复合材料层合板低速冲击响应和破坏的数值模拟

碳纳米管/碳纤维增强复合材料（carbon nanotube/carbon fibre reinforced plastic,CNT/CFRP）是一种多尺度复合材料,比传统CFRP有更好的综合性能和更广阔的应用前景。对CNT/CFRP在低速冲击下的响应和破坏进行了数值模拟研究。首先,基于先前的研究通过引入基体增韧因子、残余强度因子并改进损伤耦合方程,建立了新的FRP动态渐进损伤模型;然后,利用新建立的本构模型并结合黏结层损伤模型,对4种碳纳米管含量的增韧碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料层合板在5个能量下的冲击实验进行了数值模拟;最后,将模拟结果与文献中的相关实验结果进行了比较,并讨论了冲击速度的影响。结果表明:新建立的FRP本构模型能够预测CNT/CFRP层合板在低速冲击载荷作用下的响应、破坏过程和分层形貌,模拟得到的载荷-位移曲线和破坏形貌与实验吻合较好;冲击速度会影响CNT/CFRP层合板拉伸和压缩破坏的比例,相同的冲击能量下,更大的冲击速度会造成更多的拉伸破坏。     

内埋炸药下超高韧性水泥基复合材料的抗爆性能

为研究超高韧性水泥基复合材料(ultra-high toughness cementitious composites, UHTCC)在内埋炸药爆炸下的抗爆性能和损伤破坏规律,对不同炸药埋深下的UHTCC和高强混凝土(high-strength concrete, HSC)进行了内埋炸药抗爆实验。得到了两种材料靶体的破坏状态,并利用接触爆炸的实验结果计算出了两种材料的抗爆性能参数。结果表明,在相同条件下,UHTCC抗爆性能优于高强混凝土。为了进一步探究UHTCC的抗压强度、抗拉强度以及拉伸韧性对靶体在内埋炸药下抗爆性能的影响,首先,采用改进的K&C模型对炸药埋深为40 mm的超高韧性水泥基复合材料靶体进行数值模拟,模拟结果与实验结果基本吻合,并根据数值模拟的结果得到了爆炸冲击波沿靶体径向衰减速度大于轴向衰减速度这一规律,验证了数值模型的有效性;然后,通过调整改进K&C模型中与抗压强度、抗拉强度以及拉伸韧性相关的参数,数值预测了不同抗压强度、抗拉强度以及拉伸韧性下UHTCC靶体的破坏状态,发现增强UHTCC的韧性可以有效防止靶体发生整体性破坏,增大UHTCC的抗拉强度可以减小靶体迎爆面的开坑直径,增大UHTCC的抗压强度对减小开坑直径效果不明显。     

用广义胞元法研究弱界面复合材料偏轴拉伸强度

本文用广义胞元法结合应力集中系数模型，从细观、宏观力学结合的角度，预测了弱界面复合材料偏轴拉伸强度值．用广义胞元法/高精度广义胞元法计算复合材料开裂前和开裂后的应力场，引入基体应力集中系数以得到基体真实应力．在计算真实应力时根据宏观试验现象考量是否对界面开裂后的复合材料进行刚度衰减，最终形成4种方案计算出复合材料的偏轴拉伸强度．通过对比芳纶纤维和亚麻纤维两种弱界面复合材料的偏轴拉伸强度试验值，找到了最可靠的预报方案并具有良好的预报精度．     

内聚力界面单元与复合材料的界面损伤分析

推导了一种基于内聚力模型无厚的界面单元,用来模拟复合材料纤维与基体之间的界面层．研究了纤维周期分布的复合材料受横向荷载时,在界面不同的强韧性条件下其界面损伤演化的规律和对复合材料整体性质的影响     

A multi-axial constitutive model for metal matrix composites

Metal matrix composites (MMCs) generally do not follow the classical plasticity theory, even though the matrix metals do deform plastically. A tension-compression yield asymmetry is typically observed in MMCs. For particulate-reinforced MMCs, this non-classical response is mainly due to the variation of damage evolution with loading modes. In this paper, a viscoplastic multi-axial constitutive model for plastic deformation of MMCs is constructed using the Mises-Schleicher yield criterion. The subsequent plastic flow is characterized by an associated and decomposed flow rule considering effects from both deviatoric and hydrostatic stresses. This model is capable of describing the multi-axial yield and flow behavior of MMCs by using simulated or measured asymmetric tensile and compressive stress-strain responses as input. As an example, the influence of damage evolution in terms of interfacial debonding in MMCs (obtained from FEM simulations) is incorporated through the different tensile and compressive stress-strain behaviors. Applying this model to predict the torsion and the pressure-dependant tensile responses of some commonly used MMCs provides good agreement with experimental data.